Life na-arụ ọrụ nke Bulgakov

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich A mụrụ 1891, 3 (15) nke May. A muru ya na Kiev. Ndị nne na nna nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu bụ onye so dee - Barbara M. (nee Ịrịọchite), onye nkụzi, mgbe - na soja na ụmụ nwanyị ọmụmụ. Nna - ka onye ozizi, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Kiev Theological Academy. Michael nwa mbụ na a nnukwu ezinụlọ nke e nwere omenala ọdịnala ndị na nnọọ ike. Creativity Bulgakov na ya biography, anyị ga na-akọwa na a n'isiokwu a.

Study n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ahuhu maka ihe nkiri, akwụkwọ, na alụmdi na nwunye

Education ẹkenịmde ya nke mbụ ya na Kiev mgbatị. N'ọdịnihu dere gụsịrị akwụkwọ na abụọ magburu onwe akara - dika iwu nke Chineke, na ọdịdị ala. N'oge a ọ bụ mmasị na-eme ihe nkiri (mara, n'ihi na ihe atụ, site obi "Aida" na "nwetaghachi") na-agụ, "ịnụ ọkụ n'obi" Saltykov- Shchedrina na Gogol nwekwara apụta nke mbụ ngwaahịa, nke na-arụ ọrụ Bulgakov kwuru.

Na 1907, papa ya nwụrụ. Na 1913, Bulgakov ndọ TN Lappe.

ọrụ dọkịta

The oge site 1916 na 1917 - ọgwụgwụ nke Kiev University, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ngalaba nke Medicine. Tọhapụrụ oku nke ọrịa, anyị na ndị nwere mmasị na-ede akwụkwọ na-aga na-Zemstvo na ebe n'ụlọ ọgwụ. Nke a bụ ebe e odude ke obodo nke Nikolskoye (Smolensk ógbè). Na mgbe a mgbe ọ gara Vyazma. "Notes nke a dọkịta" e dere dabere na ahụmahụ nwetara mgbe oge a.

Practice na Kiev

Na 1918 Bulgakov laghachi Kiev, ebe ọ na-agbali na-agwọ ọrịa (nkeonwe - otú volnopraktikuyuschy Venereal ọrịa). N'oge a, dị ka onye dere ya, ọ na-akpọ ka a dọkịta nọ na ọrụ anọgide site niile ndị ọchịchị bụ na-arụ n'obodo. Ma Bulgakov lanahụrụ, na site Red Army, na site na Petliura, "na-ekere òkè" ya.

Ozi agha, ọkachamara akwụkwọ

Na 1919-1920 na-esonụ eme ná ndụ nke onye dere. Bulgakov e "chịkọtara" Denikin na zigara North Caucasus na echelon. N'ebe a, o keere òkè ná ọkachamara akwụkwọ: n'oge a ha dị mbụ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Vladikavkaz na Grozny, nke na-egosi na ije nke na-acha ọcha ebere, nghọta dị ka a "akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe ọjọọ dakwasịrị," ndị abdication nke Nicholas II, wdg Ọ e abuana dị ka dọkịta na-alụ ọgụ. Denikin, alaghachi azụ n'okpuru mwakpo nke Red Army, tụbara ịba ahụ ọkụ Bulgakov ilekọta onwe ha, nke na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ndabere maka ihu na a "comrades-in-ogwe aka." Mr Mikhail amalite na mbata nke red sub-nkewa ọrụ nkà. Ọrụ ya bụ akụkọ banyere Chekhov na Pushkin, ede maka mpaghara ụlọ ihe nkiri ejije, nke otu n'ime, na-akpọ "Paris mmekota", ọ gara ọbụna Moscow, ịdabere nke ọma nke ad n'obodo a nke mpi.

Akpụ akpụ na Moscow

Na 1921, Mr Mikhail rutere Moscow, ebe ọ gara na-arụ ọrụ na post of odeakwụkwọ na edemede ngalaba na Ndị mmadụ Commissariat. Na search of ọrụ mmalite nke NEP, ọ na-agbanwe ya ebe nke ọrụ: edito ke The Chronicle nke onye nke onwe akwụkwọ akụkọ, entertainers, engineer, wdg N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-emen na ubi, anyị na ụlọ, nke ugboro bụ ụtaba emeputa. Ọtụtụ mgbe mores ulo №50 ga-eme a dịgasị iche iche nke ọrụ na-eme ka ọrụ nke Bulgakov.

Na 1922, Mr Mikhail ifịk ifịk e biri ebi na pịa - na magazin ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka "mpi", "Ọrụ", "Red magazine niile", "ụgbọ okporo ígwè", "Krasnaya Niva" na ndị ọzọ.

Cooperation ke "Ịkpọ oku olu", ọhụrụ ọrụ na a n'alụmdi na nwunye ọhụrụ

The oge site na 1922 ruo 1926 - nkwado na akwụkwọ akụkọ n'okpuru aha "afụrụ mkpọrọhịhị" na e biri ebi "eve" na Berlin Russian akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye nchịkọta akụkọ - AN Tolstoy, n'oge ahụ ama ma laghachi site n'ala ọzọ.

Life na-arụ ọrụ nke Bulgakov na afọ 1923-1924 na-ewetara ndị na-esonụ abụọ isi ihe. Na 1923 na-egosi nchụàjà "edeturu na cuffs." N'afọ na-esonụ, Mr Mikhail osobo L. E. Belozerskoy, laghachiri n'ala ọzọ na Paris, lụọ nwunye ya.

Na 1925, Bulgakov ọrụ na-aga n'ihu. Na-egosi "Diaboliad" - akpa collection, esịnede satirical akụkọ. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-apụ na a collection of akụkọ a na-akpọ "The egbu Àkwá". Nke a afọ nwekwara akara e kere eke nke ihe odide "Heart of a Dog" - a ọrụ nanị mgbe afọ 60, e bipụtara.

Chọọ Bulgakov

Na May 1926, Bulgakov E duziri site OGPU search, ẹkemụm n'elu odide, nakwa dị ka diaries. Writer, na-ezo ugboro ugboro na-arịọ ya ka ọ laghachi a ihe na adịghị na-ndị na-arịọ, ọ dịghị omume, na-ekwu ọ ga-anya-amanye si na Russian Union of Dere defiantly. Mgbe nke a akwụkwọ, tinyere ihe odide nke "The Heart of a Dog" Bulgakov laghachi.

The ọrụ nke 1925-1928 afọ

Na afọ 1925-1926 na-abịa okirikiri "Stories", nakwa dị ka a collection of akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi-akpọ "Notes nke a dọkịta."

N'ihi na oge site 1925 na 1927 afọ na-esonụ mere. nchụàjà "The White Nche" e kere. Na ya nkọwa nke play "Days of Turbin" e dere ma nyefee ke 1926, nke premiered na Moscow Art Ụlọ ihe nkiri ẹkenịmde n'otu oge.

Site 1926 na 1928 Mikhail Bulgakov, onye ndụ na-arụ ọrụ a na nke a akwụkwọ, dere, sị a play na-akpọ "na-agba ọsọ", naanị na 1957, mgbe ha hụrụ na-ege ntị.

Na 1926 kwa play "Zoyka ulo" e kere, bụ nke e haziri na Vakhtangov Ụlọ ihe nkiri. Yana "Days of Turbin," ọ na-adịghị anya napụrụ n'ihi tendentious nnyocha nsogbu.

Na 1928 - onye ọzọ mpempe maka nkiri ( "Uhie Island"). Ọ na-e-anapụta ndị Chamber Ụlọ ihe nkiri na otu afọ, Otú ọ dị, na oge a fọrọ nke nta ozugbo na play iwu.

Evaluation nke creativity Bulgakov edemede nnyocha

Edemede nnyocha ngwụsị afọ ndị 1920 na-eme atụmatụ na-arụ ọrụ nke Mikhail Bulgakov si sharply ọjọọ. Ọrụ ya na-adịghị bipụtara, adịghị na na na ogbo. Dị ka ihe atụ, a mara na-adịghị mma na-ekwu banyere play nke Stalin si "agba", nke, na echiche ya, bụ "mgbochi Soviet onu." "Waste akwụkwọ" na-akpọ onye ndú nke "Uhie Island". The n'ihi mkpagbu - Bulgakov biography na creativity nke n'ihu na mgbe akara mmetụta ọjọọ nke na kọntaktị na Soviet ọchịchị, na-anọgide na-enweghị ọrụ na Ya mere na-enweghị esi, na-ede, "The Government nke USSR," akwụkwọ ozi na-eziga ya ka asaa adreesị nke dị iche iche na oru nke ike. Agbalị ịghọta ha akara aka, ọ kọwara na a akwụkwọ ozi ya na-ede akwụkwọ ọkwá, na-asị na ya họọrọ Ukwu mgbanwe nke Great Evolution, ya bụ ọzọ eke, na echiche ya, na-nwayọọ nwayọọ na N'ezie nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. N'ihi na ulo Mihailu Afanasevichu na 1930 April 18 akpọ Stalin onwe ya, na dị ka a n'ihi nke mkparịta ụka a, onye dere kwere nkwa inye ọrụ na Moscow Art Ụlọ ihe nkiri. Tacit ọnọdụ nke nkwekọrịta bụ ihe e kere eke na-eto na-arụ ọrụ nke onye ndú. Mgbe e mesịrị, na 1939, play e dere isiokwu ya bụ "Batum", na-agwa akụkọ nke "Young na Shamia." Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghịkwa ya ọdịnaya ma ọ bụ ụda olu nke akụkọ ike emeghị ka afọ ju.

Na-arụ ọrụ na Moscow Art Ụlọ ihe nkiri

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke ọrụ na Moscow Art Ụlọ ihe nkiri Bulgakov ndụ na-arụ ọrụ gbanwere budata. Bulgakov kemgbe mmalite nke 1930 na-eme ihe nkiri na-eje ozi dị ka otu nnyemaaka director. Ọ na-ezo aka na oge a nke ndụ ya ahuhu Shilovskaya Elena Sergeevna (1929), bụ onye mesịrị ghọọ nwunye ya.

Ọ na-arụ "Adam na Iv" na-egosi na 1931. N'oge a na-esonụ afọ, o dere, na ikpo nke Tolstoy si "Agha na Udo" by ka nke Bolshoi Drama Ụlọ ihe nkiri. Otú ọ dị, nke a arụmọrụ e bụghị akpọlite.

Na 1932, e nwere a ogbo mmegharị nke Gogol si "Dead Mkpụrụ Obi". Laghachi ka onye nkiri (na onye na iji nke Stalin si) "Days of turbines."

ejije na-akpọ "The Cabal nke ihu abụọ" na e kere afọ 1930-1936, setịpụrụ na 1943. Nke a kpọkwasịwo-arụ ọrụ "The Life of monsieur de Moliere," a biographical akụkọ, na 1932-1933. E bipụtara ya na 1962.

Ọzọ ibe, "Bliss", wepụtara na 1934 (bipụtara ruo 1966).

Na 1934-1935 gg. si ejije akpọ "Ụbọchị Ikpeazụ", setịpụrụ na ogbo na 1943. Na mbụ ya e tụụrụ ime na mmekota na V. V. Veresaevym.

Bulgakov jụrụ "rework"

The oge site 1934 na 1936 bụ nke e ji ihe ndị a. E nwere a play Bulgakov "Ivan Vasilievich". Nke a mere ka uwe rehearsals na Ụlọ ihe nkiri nke Satire ọrụ napụrụ tupu premiere. Onye dere maka oge site na 1928 ka 1936, ọ dịghị onye ihe e bipụtara, nakwa dị ka na ogbo bụghị otu mpempe, nke na-anọchite anya mbụ na-arụ ọrụ MA Bulgakov. Mr Mikhail isi ike jụ "alterations", na-agwa ya (n'ihi na ihe atụ, "reforge" ọ bụla na-acha ọcha mara si ngwaahịa "Na-agba ọsọ" ịrụcha revolutionary choral song "Uhie Island," wdg).

adịbeghị anya ọrụ

Na afọ 1936-1937 "egwuregwu nchụàjà" e kere (emechaghi ọrụ). E bipụtara ya na 1965.

Bulgakov na 1938, na-emepụta a play akpọ "Don Quixote." Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke 1930 ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ ya na-aka iso na-arụ ọrụ na ya kasị ama ọrụ, nke a na-referenced taa na akpa ebe, na-amụ ọrụ Bulgakov - "The Master na Margarita".

Bulgakov na 1940, akpa ke Moscow si ọrịa akụrụ, na ya na ezinụlọ ya bụ butere n'aka (gabiga si nna so dee).

Nke a ahụ na ndụ na-arụ ọrụ nke Mikhail Bulgakov - ugbu a na-ghọtara dị ka a kpochapụwo nke Russian akwụkwọ.