Louvre Obí: akụkọ ihe mere eme na foto

Louvre Obí (France) bụ a ihe ngosi nka na ụkpụrụ ụlọ mgbagwoju na etiti nke Paris, kpụrụ ọtụtụ narị afọ. Na mbụ ya chọpụtara a oke ebe e wusiri ike, mgbe e mesịrị wughachi n'ime ihe mara obí eze. Taa, ọ bụ onye kasị ukwuu ngosi nka na ụwa na a ọgaranya collection of ọrụ nkà.

nkọwa

Europe kasị ukwuu akụkọ ihe mere eme mansion, ụlọ ndebe ihe ochie, na-emi odude nri mben Seine. N'ihi na afọ 800, mgbagwoju e wughachiri ọtụtụ ugboro. Na ụkpụrụ ụlọ okwu Louvre etinye obi gị dum na ihe nke Renaissance, Baroque, neo-oge gboo na eclectic. Ụfọdụ ụlọ, mmasị ka ọ bụla ọzọ, dị ka a dum, mejupụtara a dị ike Ọdịdị, guzobere na atụmatụ nke ihe elongated rektangulu. N'ezie, otu n'ime ndị kasị mkpa nlegharị anya nke Paris bụ Louvre Obí.

mgbagwoju plan-agụnye:

• isi ụlọ, esịnede atọ ejikọrọ akụkụ veranda;
• ala ikpughe, nke bụ anya akụkụ nke iko pyramid Napoleon na yad;
• mmeri njiko Carousel na Tuileries Gardens.

The mgbagwoju nke ụlọ na ngụkọta ebe 60 600 m ² ngosi nka na ihe karịrị 35 000 ọrụ nkà. A ụwa nketa ndị eserese, ihe ọkpụkpụ, ọla, kwa ụbọchị akpọkwa, ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọcha, ekpuchi oge site n'oge ochie na ufọt ufọt iri na itoolu na narị afọ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị oké ọnụ ahịa ngosi - stele na Hammurabi si Usoro, a ọkpụkpụ nke Nike nke Samothrace, ihe osise "Mona Lisa" site Leonardo da Vinci na ndị ọzọ na masterpieces.

n'oge Middle Ages

Louvre Obí, nke ụbọchị laghachi na XII narị afọ, mbụ jere ozi dị ka a kpere nzere ọrụ. Mgbe oge nke Philip Augustus II eze na mpụga nke Paris e wuru tridtsatimetrovoy nzere ụlọ elu - na nọgide. Wuru gburugburu ya 10 nta elu ejikọrọ mgbidi.

Na ndị na-agba aghara, isi n'ihe ize ndụ na-abịa site n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ: mgbe ọ bụla nwere ike na-awakpo ndị Vikings ma ọ bụ ndị pretenders na French ocheeze site n'ọgbọ Plantagenet na Capetian. Ke adianade do, mmekorita ya na eze England bụ Duchy nke Normandy, emi odude na obi.

The ebe e wusiri ike na-eje ozi dị ka patrol-nzere ọrụ. The onye akụkụ nke ụlọ elu nwere ike hụrụ na okpuru ulo. Ha bụ ndị nke exposition raara nye ndị mere nke Louvre, na kwuru ihe mgbe ochie idobere. Ọ bụ omume na eze wuru a citadel na ntọala nke mbụ nzere usoro. Na mberede, okwu "Louvre" na asụsụ ndị Frank pụtara "ụlọ nche".

mbubreyo Middle Ages

Na nkera nke abụọ nke iri na anọ na narị afọ ndị Louvre Obí agbanweela mgbanwe. Site na oge, Paris amụbawo nke ukwu. New mgbidi obodo na agadi citadel n'ime obodo ókè na-akpọlite. The usoro mkpa iji chebe onwe Ọdịdị e boro. Charles V maara wughachiri nnukwu ụlọ n'ime a nnọchiteanya nnukwu ụlọ na ya kpaliri n'isi ụlọ ọrụ.

Donjon e radically wughachiri. The ime layout e nwetara n'ihi residential mkpa, e nwere a n'elu ụlọ na pinnacles. Around quadrangle wuru residential na azụmahịa ụlọ nke otu elu. N'elu isi n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá bilie abụọ obere mara turrets, nke nyere ndị na-ewu a na-nghọta.

The ala akụkụ nke mgbidi ikpe ẹnịm ta. Foduru nke ụlọ ogide a nkeji iri na ise nke si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nku nke Louvre a. Karịsịa - na quadrangle gburugburu a square okụre.

Renaissance

Na nke iri na isii na narị afọ, Francis m kpebiri na m reinvent Louvre Obí. The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Per Lesko chọrọ iji mepụtaghachi nnukwu ụlọ ke ẹbọ nke French Renaissance. Malitere ọrụ 1546 wee na n'okpuru Henry II.

New ụlọ mbụ bụ inwe ndị a akụkụ anọ udi na a nnukwu èzí (Chur Chebe) ma n'ikpeazụ gbanwere a square udi. N'oge ndụ nke Pierre Lescot ya e wuru na a òkè nke ọdịda anyanwụ nku na Ndida. Ọ bụ ndị kasị ochie kpamkpam chebere ụlọ nke a Louvre.

Architect n'ọtụtụ ebe etinyere ije oge gboo iche-iche, na ijikọta ha na omenala French ụlọ akwụkwọ (elu ụlọ na attics). The ụlọ e ji a adabako articulation nke facade na atọ zones nke discontinuities n'ụdị akụkụ anọ windo topped na zita pediments, iche site na pilasters na arcades n'ala. Facade gbakwunyere ọtụtụ ọkpụkpụ. Louvre Obí na-anọchite anya na-erughị nnukwu n'anya. Lesko, ọnụ na ọkpụ Jean Goujon wuru Great Hall na a akpụrụ akpụ nke Atemis.

The mgbasa nke nnukwu ụlọ

N'oge ọchịchị nke Ekateriny Medichi ya e wuru na-esote n'obí Tuileries , na mepụtara echiche nke ndọtị ya ẹdude Louvre ụlọ. Henry IV nwere mejuputa oru ngo.

First Louvre Obí fọduru e ọcha site ochie mkpọchi ma gbasaa n'ogige. Mgbe ahụ architects Jacques na Louis Métezeau Andrue dechara ewu nke Petite gallery na malitere ọrụ na a nnukwu gallery (Grand Gallerie), bụ nke jikọtara ndị Louvre na Tuileries.

Ugbua na a na ogbo nke mgbagwoju ọ na-aghọ na-elekwasị anya nke sayensị na omenala. Ọ chọpụtara a ígwè obibi akwụkwọ ụlọ, a Mint. Ma mgbe ahụ na otu nke ụlọ kwere ka ha biri na-arụ ọrụ na-akpụ ihe, ágbá, jewelers, watchmakers, ogwe aka eso, carvers, na-akpa ákwà.

Asaa narị afọ

Louvre Obí nọgidere na-eto ma na nke iri na asaa na narị afọ. Louis nke Iri na Atọ nke ekemende baton ndị nna nna ya. N'okpuru ya Zhak Lemerse ewu nke ulo-ǹdò malitere na 1624 awa, na n'ebe ugwu ụlọ e wuru - a oyiri nke gallery nke Pierre Lescot.

Louis XIV, nwere a adịghị ike maka grandiose oru, nyere iwu ka ibibi ochie ụlọ na mezue ohere gburugburu a okụre. Ha nile e mere na otu ịke. Ma ndị kasị oké ọchịchọ mgbaru ọsọ ahụ bụ ndị na-ewu nke East veranda nwere ogidi.

Ebe ọ bụ na akụkụ a nke ulo-ihu obodo, ya kpebiri ime ka a karịsịa ikpọ. nke kacha mma European architects nke oge a kpọrọ. Ndị kasị oké ọchịchọ oru ngo ọkọnọ Italian Giovanni Bernini. Ọ chọrọ ka ibibi niile obí eze, ma na-ewu a ọhụrụ. Ịtụle otú siri ike ma dị mgbagwoju eyịre wuru gara aga eze, echiche a jụrụ. Klod Perro (nwoke nke okenye storyteller Sharlya Perro) mepụtara a ikwere, site na nke ígwè oyi n'ahụ.

Paris ihu

East veranda nwere ogidi gbanwee Louvre Obí. Description 173 mita ewu ọkachamara mara dị ka ndị - bụ ndị kasị elu n'onwe echiche nke French classicism. Klod Perro jụrụ kasị n'oge nke a oke Roman ije, ihe nke nke bụ ọkara-ogidi na pilasters. Ha na-anọchi n'èzí ogidi na Kọrịnt style, na-ejide elu na-elu ụlọ (nke bụkwa ihe ọhụrụ).

Ọ bụ ihe ijuanya na C. Perrault (n'ezie a onwe-kụziiri) nwere ike inye ebube nke ụlọ na-enweghị ọtụtụ ihe ọkpụkpụ na "decorations", nnọọ ewu na Asaa na narị afọ. Echiche ya ibu adabako iji, anọ na-oke n'ala, ẹmende site architects ofụri Europe. Yiri ụdị ụlọ n'ebe ahụ ma na St. Petersburg. The echiche na-edebe na kọlụm abụọ n'etiti windo, na otu aka, aka na-airiness nke veranda nwere ogidi, na ndị ọzọ - dịkwuo ego nke ìhè na-abanye ụlọ.

VXIII-XX narị afọ

Mgbe oge a Louvre Obí tụfuru ọnọdụ nke obí eze. Na 1682 Korol Lyudovik na ya entourage kwagara Versailles. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ịnọgide na-ahụkarị uko. Mgbe Napoleon Bonaparte ewu gara n'ihu. Dị ka oru ngo Visconti kwukwara na na ugwu nku. Fontaine na Percier - ọhụrụ veranda e wuru.

Na XX narị afọ (1985-1989 afọ), na ama-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ IM Pei chọrọ a obi ike na mara imewe nke ala ngosi nka. Na nke a ọzọ input na Louvre rụrụ site a iko pyramid n'out oge na dome nke ala ulo.

guzobere collections

Unique collections nke Louvre malitere na-etolite kemgbe oge nke King Francis m, admirer Italian art. Ọ gbakọtara na obodo ya obi Fontainebleau ọrụ nke Renaissance, na mgbe ahụ, kwagara Paris.

Ná nzukọ nke Francis m bụ ihe osise nke Raphael, Michelangelo, collection of jewels. Ke adianade do, edidem kpọrọ si Apennines nke kasị mma Italian architects, ágbá, jewelers, na-akpụ ihe. The kasị ama nke ya ọbịa bụ Leonardo da Vinci, ndị nketa nke nke gara Louvre sere "Mona Lisa."

N'oge ọchịchị nke eze Henry IV Louvre Obí na Paris bụ nkà center nke France. The Grand Gallery nwere ọtụtụ nke a maara nke ọma nna ukwu, onye ọrụ ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka ọdịnihu ngosi nka. Louis XIV nwekwara hụrụ n'anya niile mara mma. Na ya eze ụlọ ọrụ, e nwere ndị iri na ise na narị eserese, French, Flemish, Italian na Dutch nka.

The French mgbanwe mee ka mmepe nke ngosi nka na ya mgbanwe n'ime a ọha alụmdi. Collections ndị eze, ndị oké ozu, chọọchị dị iche iche nationalized na sonyeere ngosi nka. Napoleonic mkpọsa aghọwo a isi iyi nke replenishment nke ndị na-esonụ exposures. Mgbe e meriri Napoleon na-laghachi karịa 5000 iberibe weghaara mbụ nwe, ma ọtụtụ nọgidere na Louvre.

Guzobe nke ngosi nka

26/07/1791 Constituent Assembly nyere iwu ka a kpọkọta na n'obí Louvre "ncheta nke nkà na sayensị." N'ihi na ọha ngosi nka e meghere on 11/18/1793.

Na XX narị afọ na Louvre Obí, nke a na foto egbu ịma mma, agbanweela mgbanwe. Re ala gallery na a iko pyramid e wuru, na ihe ngosi nka nke collection e kewara. E nwere nanị ndị ọrụ kere tupu 1848. Mgbe e mesịrị Impressionist osise kwagara Museum nke Orsay na Impressionism. Ndị gosiri anyị na-kere mgbe afọ 1914 gachara bụ National Center maka ha. Georges Pompidou.