Luminosity kpakpando. luminosity klas nke kpakpando

Njirimara nke dị n'eluigwe na pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ mgbagwoju anya. Naanị kpakpando nwere o doro anya na zuru ịdị ukwuu, luminosity na ndị ọzọ kwa. Na nke ikpeazụ anyị ga-agbalị ịghọta. Gịnị bụ luminosity nke kpakpando? Ò nwere ihe ọ bụla na-eme na ha nọchiri ihu na mbara igwe n'abalị? Gịnị bụ luminosity nke Sun?

Nature kpakpando

Stars - a nnọọ oke n'eluigwe na emit ìhè. Ha na-guzobere si gas na ájá n'ihi ndọda mkpakọ. Inside kpakpando bụ ok isi, ebe nuclear Jeremaya-ebe. Ha na-eme ka na-egbukepụ egbukepụ nke kpakpando. The isi e ji mara nke ìhè ụdịdị dị iche iche na-size, gloss, luminosity, esịtidem Ọdịdị. All ndị a kwa-adabere na uka nke kpakpando na ya kpọmkwem chemical mejupụtara.

The isi "mmebe" ndị a ozu bụ helium na hydrogen. The nta nke ukwu ikwu ha nwere ike dị carbon, oxygen na ọla (manganese, sịlịkọn, ígwè). Onye kasị ukwuu ego nke hydrogen na helium na-eto eto na kpakpando, na oge ha otosịrị iru na-ebelata, na-enye ụzọ ọzọ ọcha.

Stars na n'ime mpaghara ọnọdụ dị "ọkụ". The okpomọkụ na ha esịmde ruo ọtụtụ nde degrees Kelvin. E nwere na-aga n'ihu Jeremaya mere na nke hydrogen na converted n'ime helium. N'elu, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ bụ ọtụtụ ala na esịmde naanị ruo ọtụtụ puku degrees Kelvin.

Gịnị bụ luminosity nke kpakpando?

Ite Jeremaya mere n'ime kpakpando esonyere emission nke ike. Luminosity a na-akpọ anụ ahụ nke ukwu na-egosipụta otú ihe ike ọ na-arụpụta a eluigwe ahụ karịrị oge.

Ọ bụ mgbe mgbagwoju anya na ndị ọzọ kwa, dị ka ìhè nke kpakpando na mbara igwe n'abalị. Otú ọ dị, nchapụta, ma ọ bụ ihe yiri ịdị ukwuu - banyere a ji mara na-apụghị ịtụ atụ. Ọ bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi remoteness nke ìhè si Earth na-akọwa na otú ọma kpakpando na-anya na mbara igwe. The nta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị a bara uru, nke ukwuu ya ka o di ihie.

N'ụzọ dị iche na ya, luminosity nke kpakpando - nke a bụ ihe ihe oke. Ọ na-adịghị adabere na ebe ekiri ekiri. Ọ kpakpando a ji mara akọwapụta ya ike ike. Ọ nwere ike ịdị iche na iche iche oge nke eluigwe ahụ evolushọn.

Nso luminosity, ma ọ bụghị yiri, bụ zuru ịdị ukwuu. Ọ na-ezo aka ìhè nke ìhè nke dị anya ka hụrụ na a anya nke 10 parsecs, ma ọ bụ 32,62 ìhè afọ. Na-emekarị ọ na-eji gbakọọ luminosity nke kpakpando.

Mkpebi siri ike nke luminosity

The ego nke ume nke tọhapụrụ ndị eluigwe ahụ na-ekpebisi ike na watts (W), joules kwa abụọ (J / s) ma ọ bụ na ergs n'ihi na otu onye nke abụọ (erg / s). E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ na-ahụ chọrọ nhọrọ.

Ọ na-adị mfe gbakọọ si usoro L = 0,4 (Ma -M), ma ọ bụrụ na chọrọ ịmata zuru uru nke kpakpando. N'ihi ya, Latin akwụkwọ ozi L na-ẹkedọhọde luminosity, akwụkwọ ozi ahụ M - bụ zuru ịdị ukwuu, na Ma - kpam kpam uru nke Sun (4.83 Ma).

Ọzọ usoro na-agụnye a ọmụma zuru ezu nke-enye ìhè. Ọ bụrụ na anyị maara na okirikiri (R) na okpomọkụ (T _EF ) Nke ya elu elu, luminosity nwere ike kpebisiri ike site usoro L = 4pR ² abụrụ ⁴ _EF. Latin s na nke a pụtara na a ufọk ufene anụ buru ibu - Stefan-Boltzmann mgbe nile.

The luminosity nke Sun bụ 3,839 x October ²⁶ watts. N'ihi na mfe ma doo anya, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-emekarị jiri luminosity nke elu ahu na nke a bara uru. N'ihi ya, e nwere ihe na puku ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ nde ugboro adịghị ike ma ọ bụ ike karịa anyanwụ.

luminosity klas nke kpakpando

N'ihi na ha tụnyere n'etiti a kpakpando, astrophysicists eji dị iche iche classifications. Ha na-ekewa ke spektra, size, okpomọkụ, wdg Ma nke ka nke, maka a zuru ezu karị, picture nke eji multiple e ji mara.

E nwere a Central Harvard nhazi ọkwa dabeere na spektra, nke na-ewepụtarịrị ìhè. Ọ na-eji akwụkwọ ozi, onye ọ bụla kwekọrọ na a kpọmkwem emission agba (acha anụnụ anụnụ-O, B - acha ọcha na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, A - White, wdg).

Stars nke ụdịdị dị iche iche nwere ike iche iche luminosity. Ya mere, Yerkes ọkà mmụta sayensị mepụtara a nhazi ọkwa na-ewe n'ime akaụntụ a oke. Ọ na-akọrọ ha luminosity dabeere kpam kpam ụkpụrụ. Na nke a, ọ bụla ụdị kpakpando na-otoro na ọ bụghị nanị na nso nke akwụkwọ ozi, nọmba, maka luminosity. N'ihi ya, tọhapụ:

• hypergiants (0);
• egbuke supergiants (IA +);
• na-egbuke egbuke supergiants (IA);
• nkịtị supergiants (IB);
• na-egbuke egbuke ibu (II);
• nkịtị Refeyim (III);
• subgiants (IV);
• dwarfs isi usoro (V);
• subdwarfs (VI);
• ọcha dwarfs (VII);

The ukwuu luminosity, ala uru nke zuru ụkpụrụ. Na dike na supergiants, ọ na-owụt na a mwepu ịrịba ama.

Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị zuru uru, na okpomọkụ nso, na luminosity kpakpando na-egosi Hertzsprung - Russell. Ọ e kuchiri azụ na 1910. Chart n'otu Harvard na Yerkes nhazi ọkwa, na-enye gị ohere ka o nyochaa ma were ìhè ọzọ holistically.

The dị iche na luminance

Stars parameters na-ukwuu mekọrịtara ọ bụla ọzọ. Na luminosity nke kpakpando emetụta okpomọkụ na ya uka. Na ha n'ụzọ dị ukwuu dabere na chemical mejupụtara nke kpakpando. Star uka dị ukwuu, ndị nta na arọ ọcha (arọ karịa hydrogen na helium).

Ha nwere nnọọ nnukwu uka na elu hypergiants supergiants. Ha bụ ndị kasị dị ike na-egbuke egbuke kpakpando nke eluigwe na ala, ma n'otu oge, na obere. Dwarfs, site iche, nwere obere uka na luminosity, ma ajụjụ maka banyere 90% niile kpakpando.

The kasị oke kpakpando, nke a maara taa, bụ a-acha anụnụ anụnụ hypergiants R136a1. Ya luminosity ukwuu karịa anyanwụ 8.7 ugboro nde. Agbanwe kpakpando na ìgwè kpakpando Cygnus (na Swan P) karịa ndị luminosity nke Sun 630 000 ugboro, na S Doradus ya karịa nke a oke 500 000 ugboro. Otu n'ime ndị kasị nta mara kpakpando 2MASS J0523-1403 nwere luminosity anyanwụ 0,00126.