Lyubechesky nzuko nke ndi-isi: preconditions na utịp

Ọ dịghị onye nke ochie European ala gafere na ya mmepe na ogbo nke feudal fragmentation. Ebe, ọ na-emeri pụtara ngwa ngwa (dị ka England), na ebe na mpaghara na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ụlọ ọrụ ndị onwe ha ezuru fọrọ nke nta ka iri abụọ na narị afọ (dị ka ọ dị na Germany na Italy). Ọ bụghị chebere a eke na ochie rus. Oge amplification nke isi ike na mmeri nke Eastern Slavic ebo nyere ụzọ nke oge nke redistribution ala ngwugwu n'etiti ụmụ ndị nnọchiteanya nke onyeisi ezinụlọ.

Mụrụ Lyubecheskogo Congress

Ikekwe, ihe mbụ obu ụzọ nke afọ a ga-atụle dị ka Vladimir Svyatoslavich agha ya na nwanne ya Yaropolk. Nke a na nwunye nke ọgwụgwụ nke X narị afọ mbụ bụ see okwu n'etiti ụmụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ-isi nke oche-eze nke Kiev. Mgbe ida nke Kievan rus 'dị ka otu obodo nwere ike kwụsị ya. Ihe ndị na-achịkwa na nwa Vladimira Velikogo, Prince Yaroslav Mudry. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ya na ọnwụ, na nkera nke abụọ nke XI narị afọ, ihe na ọzọ doro anya ọ na-aghọ usoro mmebi nke Kievan rus n'ime iche iche fiefdoms. Na-ekwu banyere ihe mere nke a ka ọ bụghị nanị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nwere ndị nketa, na-azọrọ na ebekpo, kamakwa socio-akụ na ụba. N'ihi ya, ihu ọma na uto nke feudal mmekọahụ emewo ka ike nke na-mpaghara. Subsistence ugbo anaghị eme ka mmepe nke ahia ma na-ewusi ọ bụla njikọ n'etiti n'ókèala. Obodo boyars n'elu n'oge ọ ghọrọ ndị ọzọ uru ịnọgide na-enwe bụghị isi nke Kiev, na ha obodo. Ihe dị mkpa bụ uto nke nnukwu obodo - Chernihiv, Galich, Polotsk, Smolensk, Suzdal. Site na njedebe nke XI narị afọ, Russia e kewara fiefdoms Obodo isi, n'akwụsịghị akwụsị agha n'etiti onwe ha n'ihi na ike, n'ókèala na ikike. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, na-ezighị ezi mmetụta nke esemokwu obodo ịghọta n'otu, dịrị n'otu megide nkịtị onye iro nke ndị na-awagharị awagharị nke steppes nke Black Sea. The mgbalị mbụ iji dozie nsogbu a na-ekweta n'etiti onwe ha ghọrọ Lyubechesky nzuko nke ndi-isi na 1097. Aha ya na-erite na, n'eziokwu, si nzukọ ebe - na obodo na Dnieper Ljubech na oge a na Chernihiv mpaghara.

Lyubechesky nzuko nke ndi-isi

Senior n'oge nwa ahụ nwụrụ anwụ na 1093, onye-isi Svyatopolk II Izyaslavovich, enweghị ike ịnagide na-eto eto ise-okwu. All ihe e kwuru na aga na paragraf ruru na oge nke ya apogee. Na ụzọ nke a ọzọ ikikere mgbe rus Prince Vladimir Monomakh na e kpọkọtara Lyubechesky Congress nke Russian isi 1097. Isi nzube nke a nzukọ bụ suppression nke ọbara esemokwu na ụfọdụ nkwekọrịta n'etiti ndi-isi. N'ihi nke mkparita uka Lyubechesky nzuko nke ndi-isi mere ka mkpebi dị mkpa n'oge ahụ: "Kwa onye na-achị na-esetịpụ nna nna ya". N'ihi ya, ugbu a abụghị oké Kiev isi e suzerain, onye nwere ikike dịrị n'otu n'okpuru mkpara ya niile Russian ala, kama na enshrines ụkpụrụ ahụ ọ bụla feudal isi nwere ikike zuru ezu na ya ihe gbasara onye isi na Site n'ibu ya site nketa. Lyubechesky isi Congress dozie emegide isi si otú. Ma n'otu oge mkpebi a emeela ka formalization nke fragmentation. Lyubechesky nzuko nke ndi-isi n'ụzọ nkịtị kewapụrụ Russia ke akpa ọkara nke XII narị afọ ikpeazụ nnwapụta nke feudal onwe nke ógbè.