Mina mgbochi: nkọwa. Na ụdị na-aha nke mgbochi tank mines

Mina - a dị mfe robot, e mere ibibi onye iro na-akpasu iwe ike. The ngwaọrụ ha nwere ike dị iche iche, ma nke kachasi mkpa bụ otu ihe. Enweghị mmadụ aka, ma ọ bụ na ha n'ime ime actuation ha ewe ezigbo, akpụ emetụta ihe, isi na ọtụtụ nkịtị nke ndị ujo-efegharị efegharị na-emebi ihe eruba ọcha (ma ọ bụ na ugboelu iyi). Gịnị bụ dị iche iche site na mgbochi-mgbochi pesonel m? Nke a ga-abụ akụkọ.

History of mines

Nke a na ụdị engineering ngwá dịwo mara. Okwu e ji mee ka pụtara abụghị nke m arụnyere na a ụgwọ fuuz, na a ọwara n'okpuru e wusiri ike, malitere na ebumnuche nke imebi ya iji chebe onwe Njirimara. Nke a mere ka o kwe omume na banye n'ime oghere maka mgbidi, a nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta nke ala mee ka mbibi nke ụlọ nche na akụkụ ndị ọzọ dị na gbochie agha. Mgbe ahụ, dị ka na mmepe nke agha technology, ndị a tunnels na-esiwanye malitere ezitekwara powder ụgwọ usoro nke ndinuak na bastions bụ ọzọ ufiop. Ke ukem na mgbanwe Ọdịdị nke ahụ ebubo na ha na-mma na fuuz ha. Ọganihu na ubi nke eletriki mfe ọrụ nke ime detonation. N'oge na-alụ Agha Crimea na-akpa ọtụtụ-eji oké osimiri mines. Civil War northerners na southerners, nke rụpụtara na ịdị n'otu nke United States ama ada itie (1861-1865), bụ mmalite nke uka eji minefields n'oge nzere arụmọrụ. Anti-pesonel mines n'ụdị samples, yiri oge a, a nwalere n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Mgbe e mesoro ha dị ka a na-amanye ọtụtụ ọdabara naanị na mgbe mgbe ọ dị mkpa ka ike a mgbochi hampering tupu a elu iro.

Mines mkpa dị iche iche

Landmines mere ka mmebi bụghị nanị agha, ma na-inyinya, draft ike na-eme ka elu nnukwu nke ụsụụ ndị agha na mmalite nke XX narị afọ. Pụtara moto ugbo ala, gụnyere armored, tara ahụhụ si na ebubo wee lie ya n'ala, ma pụrụ iche maka mbibi nke ndị na mgbe tankị, ntugheriukwu na-adịghị ike, ma mepụtakwara. The gbanwere na zitere, mgbe atụmatụ, na-eche prospectively, ọ bịara doo anya na a ga-eme n'ọdịnihu agha ga-mobile, na-eduga ọrụ ọ ga-arụ ụgbọelu na armored agha. About ụgbọelu bụ a pụrụ iche isiokwu, dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge a, e nwekwara megide ya pụtara, triggered na-akpaghị aka ... Ma ndị ọzọ na na mgbe e mesịrị. Ka ọ dịgodị, a ọhụrụ ụdị engineering ngwá - mgbochi pesonel m. Na niile isi myirịta nke ha antipersonnel "nwanna nwaanyị" bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi dị iche iche na ya. Nsogbu nke na-edozi na-emepụta na-emebe ụgwọ a na-agbawa ihe, bụ dị iche iche.

Gịnị kwesịrị ịbụ mgbochi pesonel m

The ngwaọrụ, kere n'ụzọ dị irè na-ekere òkè manpower, ga izute a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kenkwucha chọrọ. Na mgbawa ga-ike a nnukwu ego nke irighiri-efe efe na a zuru ezu na ọnụego na-eme ka kacha mebiri. Na nke a, na m ga-abụ ìhè, ma ọ ga-esi ike maka sappers na-ebu na wụnye. Otu ihe atụ bụ ndị na-akpọ "petals". Mines PFM-1 na PFM-1S depụtaghachiri si American ụdị a na-akpọ "dragon ezé» (Dragontooth) - Blu-43. Ha nwere nnọọ obere size, ma ime ka ịrịba mmebi manpower, na-arụ abụọ ihe aga-eme ozugbo. Mbụ "petals", dị ka a na-achị, na-eme ka na-egbu egbu unan, ma naanị maim agha bụ ndị iro, nke na-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ ibu arọ na aku na uba nke a ọjọọ ike. Nke abuo, ha nwere ike onwe-ebibi (mgbanwe "C"), nke dị ezigbo mkpa na njikere nke na-akpasu iwe.

T-35 na T-42 vs. T-34

Mina antitank dị ka aha ya na-egosi, a na-eji merie armored ugbo ala. Ihe ịma aka jụrụ site na injinia, mwube na ọ na-ọ dịkarịa ala mebiri emebi Chassis tank. Na mbụ e chere na nke a bụ iji oge na onye iro agha. Ka ihe atụ, German mgbochi tank m T-35, nke na-enyocha ke Wehrmacht n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, megide agha nke Red Army na jikọrọ aka nwere Tolowa Language ana-erikpu a obere ihe karịa 5 n'arọ. Ndị a otu ihe ahụ e ji mara na ihe dị T-42, ma samples nwere a metal ụlọ na mmemmem ya nchọpụta electric magnetik m ziri. Deminers ndị ike ịhụ osisi ndị e mere artisanal na njedebe nke agha, kamakwa iji na-ana ha na-abụkarị bụghị nnọọ ike. Fire fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla antitank m mgbe kụrụ ya caterpillars ndị kọntaktị fuzes.

mgbe agha,

Agha biri, na tankị bu. Ha gụnyere agha mba, kasị nso nso mbụ allies, ma ugbu a na-nwere ndị iro. Ahụmahụ e nwetara agha mere ka mma nke mgbochi tank ngwá agha, gụnyere mines. Ke adianade do, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị injinịa e ọdụ ịla site. Nweela ọgụ ahụmahụ mata ọtụtụ ngwangwa ebe nke armored ụgbọala na ha ma tie ọhụrụ na mma aghụghọ. Iji ihikosi nchọpụta, ahụ malitere ga-mere nke plastic, ma ọ emewo ka nsogbu ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na ị ida gị kaadị minefields ọrụ deminers ukwuu ịghọta. Ma gbasaa dịgasị iche iche nke fuuz na ụzọ nke ọkụ mmetụta na armored ugbo ala.

TM-62

The mfe a na-ewere ndị Soviet antitank m TM-62M. Ya imewe ndị a n'ozuzu echiche nke ebubo nke gara aga ọtụtụ iri afọ. The ụlọ ka nke metal, fuuz na kọntaktị ma nwere ike idi a ibu ruo 150 kg, nke Ewezuga ya mberede ebighị. Ọ nwere ike na-ruo eruo na aka n'ibu ngwaọrụ (e.g., a katapila m oyi akwa ma ọ bụ helikọpta systems GMZ), nke enwekwu ọsọ nke na Ngwuputa ebe. N'Aka arọ - 7 n'arọ, ngụkọta ibu - 10 n'arọ. Na ya isi, ọ bụ a ala nke m, isi edinam - ntụ ujo. Mgbe ọkụkụ a TM-62M na tank ida rollers, ikpe bibiri ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ na-enweta a ike contusion, ọ bụrụ na hatches na-emechi, na-anwụ. Isi uru nke a nke m - mfe, elu ike, manufacturability, ala na-eri na ntụkwasị obi. Na ya isi e kere a dum usoro nke mgbọ, dị iche iche na ụdị na ibu ibu.

The amụba mgbagwoju anya nke ozi

Kacha ngwangwa mgbe ọ bụla tank-atụle ga-ya na ala. Ata ahu agha na ndị dị n'akụkụ, na engine ogige, ma ka o merie ọ bụla armored ugbo ala bụ iji ịfụ ihe-ndebe n'okpuru. N'ihi ya niile kpọkwara TM-62M m ọkụ anọghị n'okpuru ala, na na mbata na ya egwu na ọtụtụ n'ime ikuku mmiri na ebili mmiri na-eti dara n'ebe n'akụkụ nke ahu ihe, nke na-ebelata likelihood nke detonation nke mgbọ. Ke adianade do, na nke a dị mkpa na-egwuri site stealth akpata. Saboteur nwere ike ịtọ ụgwọ n'ụzọ iro ugbo ala, ma arọ ya kwesịrị dịtụ obere. Antitank m TM-72 mgbagwoju Ọdịdị. Ọ bụ cumulative ke uwa. Nke a pụtara na mgbe ị rụọ ọrụ ya na-ebilite dị ike na-eduzi ugboelu nke na-ekpo ọkụ gas na ike ekịm oké agha. Ma, nke ahụ ọ bụghị ihe niile m fuuz na-enye ụfọdụ na-egbu oge na-ekwe nkwa, mmebi n'etiti akpụ akpụ tank, dị nnọọ ebe ndị kasị mkpa na mwute na saịtị - mgbọ na nnyefe. The ngwaọrụ emegharị mgbanwe ndọta, nke na-akọwa ya ụfọdụ "moodiness" na likelihood nke mberede ebighị. Nke a bụ a mwepu nke ndị nile dị otú ngwá agha. Ke adianade do, TM-72 nanị neutralize trawling. Ọ bụrụ na, n'ezie, onye iro nwere ihe ọmụma banyere ihe ize ndụ nke na Ngwuputa.

n'ibu version

Olee ihe enyemaka otu metụtakwara antitank m TMK-2, a na-ewere ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na. Asọpụrụ ya fuuz na-arụ ọrụ na n'ibu-menjuobi edumbet. Pin lekwasịrị mmetụta sikwa si n'ala, cocked aghọ m mgbe ya ndiiche si kwụ ọnọdụ na na a obere oge (site na otu nke atọ na otu ọkara a nke abụọ, nke a bụ iji tank merela agadi ọkara a n'ogologo), ihe-ndebe-agbawa, akpụ cumulative ugboelu. BB Atụlee 6 n'arọ. The mbibi nke ndị na ọgụ ụgbọala na-na-ekwe nkwa, ma n'agbanyeghị nke nnukwu tụnyere TM 72 pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi, onye drawback anọgide: ka inapu ngwá agha ndị a bụ dịtụ mfe. Nchọpụta maka ahụmahụ sapper mkpọ protruding si ala, ukwuu nke a nsogbu abụghị.

ke n'akụkụ

Ọ bụghị nanị na na egwu ahụ na ala nke zaa nke mgbochi tank mines. Yiri nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma TM-73 Ọdịdị, nke bụ a set nke ot bombu "ofufe", ya fastenings na teren na breakage fuuz edinam. Na ndị ọzọ okwu, bazooka Ome mgbe onye iro na ngwá mebiri ike n'ezi ihe nke ndinyanade mbịne. Na-akpali mmasị mere ndokwa m TM-83. Ọ na-emekwa na ala, dị ka eku eji ya ikpe. Mgbe Mbelata-ndebe na firing ọnọdụ amalite seismic ihe mmetụta anabata n'ala vibration. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla, ofu, Switched na ihe infrared pointer. Ebuwanye isi amapu ihe agha ọkpụrụkpụ DM na a anya nke 50 mita. Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ mbinye aka na-ahụghị, a nke m na-abịa ya mbụ ala na-echere maka ọzọ lekwasịrị.

Ọbụna n'aka nke ikuku na-azara ọnụ

Helikọpta na agha ugbo elu na-akpọkarị efe efe tankị. Nke a bụ nnọọ eziokwu, n'ihi na ugbo elu nwere ike ugbu a nwere a dị ike akwụkwọ, ogbunigwe na ngwá agha, "biiri" si n'ala ngwá, ghara ikwu banyere Tammy. Mines nke Russia na mba ndị ọzọ na-e mbuso ala-na-efe efe - ma ụgbọelu na helicopters. Otu ihe atụ bụ elu-tech ngwaọrụ FPGA, mepụtara na 1990s na e mere iji merie efe efe cumulative kernel. Usoro nduzi na-arụ ọrụ site na abụọ ọwa (now na infrared). "Petals" mines na firing ọnọdụ ẹkenịm na-etolite a isi n'ihi na ihe mmetụta achọpụta ụda nke a na-efe efe kilometa iche, mgbe ahụ, ihe kwes mmetụta na-eduga ná ya munition. Mgbawa nchọ na a * Tụkwasị na shei, chụọ n'ọrụ na a ọsọ nke 3 km / s, amapu ihe agha nchebe na 12 mm oké. Anya mmeri erughị otu narị mita. Arụnyere protivovertoletnaya m nwere ike site na aka na ikuku ngwaọrụ. Ọgụ onye iro "na-efe efe tankị" ga-abụrụ.