Meister Eckhart: biography, akwụkwọ, okwuchukwu na ime mmụọ echiche

Meister Eckhart (1260 - 1327) - German omimi, ọkà mmụta okpukpe na ọkà ihe ọmụma bụ onye kụziiri buu okpukpe nkà ihe ọmụma: ịhụ Chineke na ihe niile. Emume naanị ndị anabatara ahụmahụ na ihe ime mmụọ na nkà ihe ọmụma mere ya na-ewu ewu, ma na-ada ebubo heresy Ndị Njụta Okwukwe obodo. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ihe odide ya na-ikpe ka ndị jụrụ okwukwe, ha anọgide na otu ihe dị mkpa isi iyi nke omimi ahụmahụ n'ime Christian omenala, ndị nnọchiteanya nke ndị Silesius, Nicholas Cusa, Boehme Jacob, Meister Eckhart, Kierkegaard, Francis nke Assisi, na ndị ọzọ.

akwụkwọ eji achọ ọrụ

Eckhart von Hochheim A mụrụ Tambahe nso Gotha na Thuringia Central Germany taa. Ọ nọwo na-akpa akụkụ nke ógbè okpukpe mmegharị na ochie Europe. Ọzọ maara nke ọma okpukpe ọgụgụ ndị mụrụ e, na-Mechthild nke Magdeburg, Tomas Myuntser na Martin Lyuter.

Ọ nọgidere na-bụghị ọtụtụ pụrụ ịdabere na data na n'oge ndụ nke Eckhart, ma, o doro anya, na afọ 15, ọ na-ekpe home isonyere Dominican Order dị nso Erfurt. Order e hiwere na ndịda nke France na 1215 St. Dominique amasị ekwusa ozi ọma, bụ ndị ọ na-azụ ịghọ onye nkụzi na-ekwu okwu. Na 1280 Eckhart e zigara Cologne-enweta isi agụmakwụkwọ ka elu, na nsonye 5 afọ nke na-amụ nkà ihe ọmụma na nkà mmụta okpukpe 3 afọ. Ihe ọmụmụ ya bụ 3 awa a ụbọchị n'ịgụ mọnk ndụ, ekpere, Orationes Secretae na bụ nkịtị ruo ogologo oge. Na Cologne Urquhart zutere omimi-akwụkwọ Albert Ukwu ahụ, Doctor nke Science na a nkụzi Fomy Akvinskogo - kasị ama ọkà mmụta okpukpe nke chọọchị. Site 1293 Eckhart e mesịrị ahọpụta ha dị ka a mọnk.

Amụ na Paris

Na 1294 e zigara ya na-amụ "ahịrịokwu" Petra Lombardskogo na Paris. University of Paris bụ center nke ochie agụmakwụkwọ, ebe ọ bụ ike ịnweta niile na ọrụ dị mkpa na, o doro anya, na-agụ ọtụtụ n'ime ha. Na Paris, ọ ghọrọ onye na lecturer na Dominican convent nke Saint-Jacques, na mgbe e mesịrị, a họpụtara ya abbot nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk na Erfurt adịghị anya site ya omumu. Ya aha dị ka a ọkà mmụta okpukpe na Tupu ga-abụrịrị mma, n'ihi na e kenyere ya na-eduzi n'ógbè Saxony, na nke e nwere 48 ebe obibi. Eckhart e weere a ọma na oru oma nchịkwa, ma ya isi ahuhu bụ ọha ntụziaka na-ekwusa ozi ọma.

Na May 1311 Eckhart kpọrọ izi Paris. Ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na nkwenye nke ya aha. Ndị mba ọzọ na-adịkarịghị nyere ihe ùgwù a kpọrọ òkù ugboro abụọ izi Paris. Nke a post nye ya aha nke Meister (si Latin Magister - "nna ukwu", "onye nkụzi"). Na Paris, Eckhart-ejikarị na-ekpo ọkụ arụmụka na okpukpe Franciscans.

Isi akụkụ nke ọrụ bụ ịzụ òtù nke Dominican Order, na-agụghị akwụkwọ ọha. O nwetara a aha dị ka a siri ike onye nkụzi na-akpali echiche na-eso ụzọ. Meister Eckhart ozizi mebere na omimi ndochi mmewere nke na-adịghị kwuru ma ọ bụ ledaa anya na omenala na Akwụkwọ Nsọ na ozizi chọọchị. Ọ nwekwara ike mfe mgbagwoju echiche na-akọwa ha na larịị asụsụ ndị nkịtị na-amasị. Nke a na ụba ya onwe ya na-ewu ewu na ya okwuchukwu bụ nnọọ ewu ewu.

Na 1322, Eckhart, ndị kasị ama na-ekwusa nke oge, a kpaliri Cologne, ebe o nyere ya kasị ama okwu.

na divinity nke mmadụ

Eckhart na nkà ihe ọmụma mesiri divinity nke mmadụ. Ọ mgbe kwuru na ime mmụọ njikọ n'etiti mkpụrụ obi na Chineke. Otu nke ya kasị ama okwu agụ, sị: "The anya na nke m na-ahụ Chineke bụ otu ihe ahụ anya na nke Chineke na-ahụ m. My anya na n'anya Chineke - onye anya na onye anya, na otu ihe ọmụma, na otu ịhụnanya. "

Nke a bụ reminiscent nke okwu ndị nke Jizọs na ya na nna ya - otu. Eckhart kwuru nwekwara egosi otú ya nkà ihe ọmụma bụ kwekọrọ Eastern mysticism, na-emesi ike nso nke Chineke.

capacious uche

Meister Eckhart bụ a kwara omimi, n'ihi na ọ na-akụzi dị mkpa calming uche iji ghọọ anabata n'iru Chineke. "Iji mee ka obi na uche ihe niile kwere omume. Gịnị bụ a udo n'obi? Ruo uche ihe ọ bụla na-echegbu onwe ya nke ọ bụla na-adịghị na-aga site, free si nkekọ nke onwe onye na-mmasị na kpamkpam merges na uche Chineke ga-na na-anwụ n'ihi na ya onwe ya. "

detachment

Eckhart kụziiri mkpa nke detachment. Dị ka ndị ọzọ emume naanị ndị anabatara ozizi, nkà ihe ọmụma Meister chere na-achọ ikewapụ uche si ụwa na-adọpụ uche, dị ka a ọchịchọ, n'ihi na ihe atụ.

Unbreakable detachment eduga a onye na oyiyi nke Chineke. "Iji jupụta ihe na mkpa ka efu maka Chineke; na-efu nke ihe na mkpa ka jupụta na Chineke. "

Chineke omnipresence

Meister Eckhart kweere na Chineke bụ ugbu a na ihe niile dị ndụ ntule, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-akwanyere ya ùgwù n'etiti zuru oke Chineke, na karịrị ụdị nile na ngosipụta nke Chineke n'ụwa. "Anyị ga-ahụ otu Chineke na ihe niile ma na-ahụ otu Chineke na ihe niile."

Ọ bụ ezie na Eckhart bụ a omimi, ọ na-egwuri maka egosi achọghị ọdịmma onwe ọrụ na ụwa na-aka imeri ịchọ ọdịmma onwe odidi nke madu.

Ebubo nke heresy

Na ịrị elu nke ewu ewu, ụfọdụ n'ọkwá dị elu nke ụka malitere ịhụ ya na-akụzi heresy ihe. Karịsịa, achịbishọp nke Cologne, nchegbu na-ewu ewu okwuchukwu Eckhart mfe ma-agụghị akwụkwọ na-na-eduhie eduhie, "nke nwere ike n'ụzọ dị mfe ịkpata njehie nke ndị gere ya ntị."

Na 1325, a nnọchiteanya nke Pope Nicholas Strasbourg, na arịrịọ nke Pope John XXII enyocha ọrụ nkwusa na mara ọkwa ha kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi. Ma na 1326 Meister Eckhart e eze ebubo heresy, na 1327 achịbishọp nke Cologne nyere iwu inquisitorial usoro. Na February 1327 mbụ na-ekwusa mere a omiiko agbachitere ha kweere. Ọ gọrọ agọ na ọ na-eme ihe ọjọọ, na ihe n'ihu ọha gosi na ya dị ọcha. Ka Meister Eckhart ekwu ime mmụọ okwuchukwu na arụmụka ndị bu n'obi na-agba ume ndị nkịtị na ndị mọnk na-agbalịsi ike ime ihe dị mma na ịzụlite inwe ịhụnanya maka Chineke. Ikekwe, ọ na-eji gbapụrụ iche asụsụ, ma ya ihe n'obi ndị magburu na e bu n'obi na-akụziri ndị mmadụ ihe ndị kasị mkpa ime mmụọ echiche nke ozizi nke Kraịst.

"Ọ bụrụ na-akụziri ndị na-agụghị, dịghị mgbe ha ga-amụta, ma ọ dịghị nke ha ga-amata art nke ndụ ma na-anwụ. Amaghị na-akụzi na olileanya nke mbịne ha si amaghị na oke mmụta ndị mmadụ. "

"N'ihi na elu ịhụnanya niile ndụ mmadụ ga-akpọlite n'ọnwụ nke ruo nwa oge onwe-mmasị ka isi iyi niile ịhụnanya, Chineke: onye ga-abụ nna ukwu n'ebe uwa, ịbụ na Chineke na-azụ ya ka Chineke."

Ọnwụ na popu obibi

Mgbe ọ hụrụ ikpe Achịbishọp nke Cologne, Meister Eckhart gara Avignon, ebe Pope John XXII melite a ikpe ichoputa na-ekwusa si mkpesa. Ebe a Eckhart akpa ke 1327 tupu Pope wee a mkpebi ikpeazụ. Mgbe ọnwụ ya, ndị isi nke Catholic Church na-akpọ ụfọdụ Meister heresy, hụrụ 17 ihe na-emegide Catholic okwukwe, na ọzọ 11 bụ ndị na-enyo enyo nke a. Ọ na-eche na ọ bụ iji rein na omimi ozizi. O sina dị, e kwuru na Eckhart dere ya echiche ọbụna tupu ọnwụ ya, ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ọ nọgidere na-enweghị mmerụ. Nke a ikwere bụ ka obi jụrụ ya na-akatọ na-akwado.

mmetụta Eckhart

Mgbe ọnwụ nke na-ewu ewu na-ekwusa aha ya e maa jijiji site ikpe Pope ụfọdụ nke ihe odide ya. Kama ọ ka na-akwanyere ùgwù na Dominican Order. Ekhart Meyster, onye akwụkwọ adịghị ikpe na akụkụ, na-eduhie ndị uche nke ha na-eso ụzọ site odide ha. Ọtụtụ n'ime ya Fans wee akụkụ ke ije nke ndị enyi Chineke, dị na obodo nile na obodo. The ọhụrụ ndú ahụ na-erughị buu karịa Eckhart, kama ha nọ na ya na ozizi ya.

Omimi Meister anya yiri ka e ji ihe e kere eke nke amaghị onye dere narị afọ nke 14 na-arụ ọrụ "Theology of Germanicus." A rụọ ọrụ a oké mmetụta na Protestant Ndozigharị. "Theology of Germanicus" bụ nke dị oké mkpa, n'ihi na ọ na-akatọ ọrụ nke chọọchị na mesiri mkpa nke kpọmkwem ịgwa Chineke okwu. Echiche ndị a na-eji Martin Luther, mgbe o kwuru na ndị ọchịchị ụwa nke Roman Catholic Church.

The revival nke ozizi

Na nke iri na itoolu na nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, a dịgasị iche iche nke ime mmụọ omenala nke ọhụrụ ka ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-akụzi na ketara, Meister Eckhart. Kwuru si na ọrụ ya na-eji ọbụna Pope John Paul II: «Ndi Eckhart kụziiri ndị na-eso ụzọ ya: niile na Chineke chọrọ ka ị na-kasị - bụ pụọ nke onwe gị na ikwe ka Chineke bụrụ Chineke n'ime unu. Ị ga-eche na site kewara onwe ha site na ndị e kere eke, ihe omimi ezumike mmadu n'azụ. Otu Eckhart rụrụ ụka na, na Kama nke ahụ, na-omimi n'ụzọ ọrụ ebube ugbu a na naanị larịị ebe ọ pụrụ n'ezie imezu ya, ya bụ na Chineke. "

Ọtụtụ ndị Katọlik kwere na ozizi nke German ekwusa kwekọrọ na a ogologo omenala na yiri nkà ihe ọmụma nke Fomy Akvinskogo - a dọkịta nke chọọchị na ibe Dominican. Eckhart bụ ihe dị mkpa na-arụ ọrụ na omenala nke ndị so Christian ime mmụọ na mysticism.

Meister Eckhart, laghachiri ka a ma ama a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke German ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma, bụ ndị nwere mmasị n'ọrụ ya. Ndị a gụnyere Frants Pfayfer, onye reprinted ọrụ ya na 1857, na Schopenhauer, onye sụgharịrị "Upanishads" na tụnyere ozizi nke Meister na odide nke Indian na islam emume naanị ndị anabatara. Dị ka ya, ndị Buddha, Eckhart, o - nile na-ezi otu ihe.

Beme Yakob, Ekhart Meyster, na ndị ọzọ Christian mystics-atụle oké nkụzi nke theosophical ije.

Na nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, ndị Dominicans ọrụ ikpochapụ aha a German na-ekwusa na adade ke ọhụrụ ìhè na ina ọrụ ya. Na 1992, General Master nke Order mere ka onye ukara arịrịọ Cardinal Ratzinger kagbuo popu, ewere ndị Meister. Ọ bụ ezie na nke a adịghị eme, ya ghara ịgbanwe nwere ike atụle irè. O ziri ezi na-akpọ otu n'ime ndị kasị ukwuu nke nna ukwu nke Western ime mmụọ.

Hapụrụ Eckhart

The ndụ ọrụ nke Eckhart si Latin dere tupu 1310 bụ:

• "Paris ajụjụ";
• "General Okwu Mmalite ka ọrụ n'akụkụ atọ";
• "Okwu Mmalite ka ọrụ nke kwekọọ";
• "Okwu Mmalite ka ọrụ nke comments ';
• "Comments on Genesis";
• "The akwụkwọ bụ a ilu Being";
• "Commentary on the Book of Exodus";
• "Commentary on the Book nke Amamihe";
• "Na-ezi na okwu na iri abụọ na anọ isi nke Ecclesiastes";
• "Commentary na Song nke Songs";
• "Commentary on St. John";
• "Paradise ò mkpụrụ obi";
• "Protection" na ndị ọzọ.

Na-arụ ọrụ German:

• "86 ozizi mmụọ na echiche";
• "Mkparịta ụka maka nduzi";
• "Akwụkwọ nke Chineke nkasi obi" na ndị ọzọ.