Mgbanwe mgbanwe

The ndabere nke ime ihe nke transformer na-ekpebi onu nke akpa itinye n'ọkwa. Isi nke transformer ahụ nwere efere nchara dị iche iche na-agbakọta n'otu oghere e mechiri emechi nke otu ụdị ma ọ bụ ọzọ. Ugbo ikuku abuo S₁ na S₂ na onu ogughariri w₁ na w aha ha bu isi. Windings enweghi nguzogide na-abaghi uru ma nwekwuo inductance.

Anyị na-etinye aka na nsọtụ abụọ nke windo S₁, nke anyị na-akpọ isi, na voltage alternate U₁. Site asọfe ngafe nwetụ ugbu a m, nke magnetize isi ígwè site ịtụkwasị ya na nwetụ magnetik agbanwe oge. Mmetụta magnetizing nke ugbu a dị ka ọnụọgụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ampere (Iw₁).

Ka oge a na-arịwanye elu, nchịkwa magnetik ga-amụbawanye na ya, mgbanwe nke ga-eme ka ikike electromotive nke ntinye onwe ya dị n'ime mgbanaka ahụ. Ozugbo o ruru uru nke voltage ahụ a na-eji eme ihe, uto a na-enwe ugbu a na circuit nke mbụ ga-akwụsị. Ya mere, na circuit nke winding winding nke transformer, voltage voltage U₁ na ike electromotive nke onwe-induction Е будут ga-eme. Na nke a na-voltaji U₁ E₁ ukwuu ego nke voltaji dobe na asọfe bụ nnọọ obere. N'ihi nke a, anyi nwere ike ime ka anyi dee:

U₁ = E .

Ụdị nke ọzọ nke magnet na-ebili na isi nke transformer na-agafe site na winding nke windo nke abụọ, nke na-akpali akpali na windo ọ bụla nke windo a na-eme ka otu ike electromotive dị ka nke ọ bụla n'ime ikuku windo.

Ogologo site n'eziokwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntụgharị nke ikuku windo bụ w₁, na windo nke abụọ bụ w₂, ndị agha a na-eme n'ime ha ga - abụ, hà, hà:

E₁ = w₁e,

E₂ = w₂e,

Ebee ka ikike electromotive na-ebili n'otu mgbanwe.

Volta volta U₂ na ngwụcha nke winding windo dị ka ikike electromotive dị na ya, ntụgharị:

U₂ = E .

N'ihi nke a, enwere ike kwubie na ịdị elu nke volta na njedebe abụọ nke ikuku windo nke transformer na-ezo aka na oke nke voltaji na nsọtụ nke abụọ winding dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntụgharị nke isi winding na-ezo aka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntụgharị nke abụọ winding:

(U₁ / U₂) = (w₁ / w₂) = k.

Ihe bara uru k bụ ngbanwe transformer nke transformer ugbu a.

Na ikpe, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa ka iwelie voltaji, ndokwa nke abụọ asọfe na ọnụ ọgụgụ ka elu nke ibe (a na-akpọ nzọụkwụ-elu transformer); N'ọnọdụ ebe ọ dị mkpa iji belata voltaji ahụ, a na-ewere ikpo ọkụ nke transformer na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ntụgharị (onye ntụgharị nkwụsị). Otu onye ngbanwe nwere ike ime ihe dịka ntọghata ntọghata na ntọala dịka onye na-agbanwe ihe ntanye, nke dabere na nke a na-eji windo eme ihe dị ka isi.

Igwe windo nke abụọ ka na-emeghe (enweghi ihe dị n'ime ya). The transformer bụ abaghị uru. N'ihi ya, ọ na-erepịakwa obere ike, ebe ọ bụ na nke ugbu a, magnetizing ígwè isi ruru ka a nnukwu inductance eriri igwe dị nnọọ obere. Ịnyefe ike gaa na sekit nke abụọ site na isi bụ enweghị. Ahụmahụ a na-eme ka o kwe omume ịmata ọnụọgụ nke mgbanwe, nkwụsi ike na onye na-agbanwe agbanwe ugbu a.

Anyị na-ebugharị onye ngbanwe ahụ site na imechi elekere windo nke abụọ site na njedebe. Ọ ga ugbu a gaa na na itinye n'ọkwa ugbu a, denoted site n'akwụkwọ ozi I₂. Ugbu a, dị ka iwu Lenz si kwuo, ga-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị na magnetik na isi. Ma mmebi nke nhazi magnet na isi ga-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ikike nke electromotive nke ime onwe onye n'ime ikuku windo na nke enweghị ike n'etiti ike a E₁ na voltage U₁ nyere site na generator na isi windo. N'ihi ya, na winding winding, ugbu a ga-abawanye site na ụfọdụ I1 ma bụrụ nhata m + I . N'ihi mmụba nke dị ugbu a, mmụba magnet na isi nke transformer ga-abawanye na uru gara aga, a ga-eweghachikwa nsogbu ahụ n'etiti U₁ na E₁. Ya mere, ọdịdị nke abụọ nke abụọ I2 na-akpata mmụba nke ugbu a na windo mbụ site na ego I₁, nke ga-ekpebi ihe dị ugbu a nke winding windo nke transformer.

Mgbe a na-ebugharị onye na-eweta nchekwa ahụ, a na-aga n'ihu na-ebufe ike na sekit nke abụọ site na isi circuit. Dika iwu nke nchekwa na mgbanwe nke ike, ugbua na elekere mbu bu ugbua na ugbua na sekit nke abuo; Ya mere, nha anya kwesiri ịrụ ọrụ:

I₁ U₁ = I₂U .

N'ezie, enweghi nkwanye ùgwù a, ebe ọ bụ na mgbe onye ngbanwe ahụ nọ na-arụ ọrụ, e nwere ọnyà, ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ obere. Mgbanwe mgbanwe bụ ihe dịka 94-99%.