Mineral na ha Njirimara. The ojiji nke minerals

E nwere ọtụtụ eke ego dị mkpa ụmụ mmadụ bekee. Bụ ego na ndị exhaustible nakwa na a ga-echedo. Enweghị ha mmepe na mmepụta nke ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ndụ ga-esi nnọọ ike.

Mineral na ha Njirimara - ọ bụ ihe na isiokwu nke ọmụmụ Geology Mining. The results nke ya mee mgbe e mesịrị maka nhazi na mmepụta nke ọtụtụ ihe.

Mineral na ha Njirimara

Ihe na-adịkarị na-akpọ minerals? Ndị a bụ nkume ma ọ bụ ịnweta akụkụ, nke nwere nnukwu mba aku uru ma na-ọtụtụ-eji ụlọ ọrụ.

The iche iche nke ha nnukwu, otú ahụ Njirimara nke ọ bụla kpọmkwem. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe isi nhọrọ kasịnụ nke ndị bekee na ọdịdị:

• placers;
• formations;
• wires;
• ebuka;
• akwu.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere n'ozuzu dissemination nke ego, anyị nwere ike ịmata ihe dị iche:

• ógbè;
• ebe;
• igwu ọdọ mmiri;
• ubi.

Mineral na ha Njirimara adabere kpọmkwem ụdị akụrụngwa. Ọ bụ nke a kpebisiri na ebe nke mmadụ eme ihe, na usoro nke mmịpụta na nhazi.

Iche nke minerals

E nwere bụghị a nhazi ọkwa nke na-atụle ihe onwunwe. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na dabeere na ihe ịrịba ama nke ala nke aggregation, ntọhapụ dị otú ahụ di iche iche.

1. Bara uru siri ike mmanu ndi mere onwe. Ihe atụ: marble, nnu, konkiri, metal ores, nonmetallic.
2. Liquid - ala ịnweta mmiri na mmanụ.
3. Gas - eke gas, helium.

Ọ bụrụ na ndabere nke nkewa na ụdị nke ojiji nke ịnweta ego, mgbe nhazi ọkwa-ewe ndị na-esonụ ụdị.

1. Combustible. Ihe atụ: mmanụ, mmanụ shale, coal, methane na ndị ọzọ.
2. Ore ma ọ bụ igneous. Ihe atụ: niile metal-ore ngwaọrụ, nakwa dị ka Asbestos na graphite.
3. Nonmetallic. Ihe atụ: niile ngwaọrụ nwere dịghị ọla (ụrọ, ájá, nzu, ájá, wdg), na dị iche iche salts.
4. Ahịa. Ihe Nlereanya nke dị oké ọnụ ahịa na ọkara dị oké ọnụ ahịa na nkume (diamonds, sapphire, rubies, emeralds, jed, chalcedony, opal, sard, wdg).

N'ihu site di iche iche ọ bụ doro anya na mineral na ha Njirimara - ọ bụ ụwa dum nke explores a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ geologists na miners ọkachamara.

The isi e

Dị iche iche na ịnweta ego (minerals) na-ekesa n'ụzọ ziri ezi evenly gafee planet dị ka geological atụmatụ. N'ezie, a ịrịba akụkụ nke ha na-kpụrụ site n'elu ikpo okwu nke tectonic mmegharị na eruptions. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe isi kọntinent, nke na-kasị ọgaranya fọrọ nke nta nile di iche iche nke ngwaọrụ. Ha bụ:

• North na South America.
• Eurasia.
• Africa.

All mba na-emi odude ke ẹkedọhọde ebe, ọtụtụ ojiji nke eke ego na ha Njirimara. N'otu mba, ebe ya ngwaọrụ e, na-ebupụ.

N'ozuzu, N'ezie, ike na-akọwa a nkịtị plan nke ego nke ịnweta ego. Ọ niile na-adabere na kpọmkwem ụdị akụrụngwa. Otu n'ime ndị kasị oké ọnụ dị oké ọnụ ahịa (nwere oké ọnụ ahịa ọla) mineral. Gold, n'ihi na ihe atụ, bụ ebe nile ma e wezụga Europe (Afrika, plus Australia n'elu). Ọ na-ukwuu kpọrọ oké ihe, na ya mmepụta - otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị phenomena na Ngwuputa.

Bara ọgaranya nke ukwuu na mmanụ ụgbọala na ego bụ Eurasia. Mining minerals (talc, barytes, kaolin, na nkume nzu, quartzite, apatite, nnu) ọsọ fọrọ nke nta n'ebe nile ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu.

Mining na ịgbari

Iji wepụ minerals na iji kwadebe maka ojiji nke ụzọ dị iche iche na-eji.

1. Open ụzọ. Dị Mkpa akụrụngwa na-amịpụtara kpọmkwem site awa nkume. N'ime oge ahụ, a na-eduga ná guzobe nke ọtụtụ ndagwurugwu, n'ihi ya ọ bụghị nwayọọ na gburugburu ebe obibi.
2. Mining usoro - a ihe ziri ezi, ma ọnụ.
3. Iyi usoro pumping mmanụ.
4. The pumping usoro.
5. Geotechnological ore nhazi ụzọ.

Mining - nke a bụ ihe dị mkpa na ọ dị mkpa usoro, Otú ọ dị, na-eduga ná nnọọ nzukọ pụta. Mgbe exhaustible ego. Ya mere, na-adịbeghị anya na-emesi ike bụ na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ mmịpụta nke ịnweta ego, ya bụ ha ọzọ kwesịrị ekwesị ma ò ojiji nke mmadụ.

Ore (magmatic) nkume

Nke a na-agụnye ihe ndị kasị mkpa na nnukwu na okwu nke Ngwuputa. Ore - ọ bụ na e guzobere nke ịnweta uwa, nke nwere nnukwu ego ma ọ bụ na ihe ndị ha chọrọ metal (ọzọ akụrụngwa).

Ebe nke mmepụta na nhazi nke ngwaọrụ na-akpọ mines. Were igneous nkume nwere ike ịbụ na anọ dị iche iche:

• ferrous ọla ;
• agba;
• nējide;
• abụghị dara mmiri.

Ndị a bụ ihe atụ ụfọdụ nke ore ịnweta ego.

1. Manganese ore.
2. Iron.
3. Nickel.
4. Argentia.
5. Cassiterite.
6. Beryl.
7. Bornite.
8. Chalcopyrite.
9. Uraninite.
10. Asbestos.
11. Graphite na ndị ọzọ.

Gold - ore ịnweta

E nwere n'etiti ore na pụrụ iche mineral. Gold, n'ihi na ihe atụ. Ya mmepụta bụ mkpa kemgbe oge ochie, dị ka ọ mgbe kpọrọ nnọọ ndị mmadụ. Taa, gold na-mined saa fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla mba na ókèala nke e nwere ọ dịkarịa ala a obere nke ya ego.

Na ọdịdị, gold-achọta n'ụdị nwa afọ ahụ. The kasị ibu ígwè ingots hụrụ na Australia erikpu fọrọ nke nta 70 n'arọ esite. Ọtụtụ mgbe, n'ihi na weathering na ozize ego kpụrụ ego nke ájá na ụdị nke dị oké ọnụ ahịa metal.

Si dị otú ahụ mixtures ọ na-amịpụtara Laundering na sieving. Ke ofụri ofụri, ọ bụghị na-ahụkarị na voluminous content mineral. Gold mere akporo a dị oké ọnụ ahịa na magburu ọla.

Ụlọ Ọrụ nke mmanụ nke ore minerals bụ:

• Russia.
• Canada.
• South Africa.
• Australia.

fuels

Nke a na-agụnye ndị dị otú ahụ ịnweta ihe onwunwe dị ka:

• lignite ;
• mmanụ;
• gas (methane, helium);
• coal.

The ojiji nke minerals nke ụdị - a mmanụ a na akụrụngwa dị iche iche chemical ogige ma bekee.

Kol - bụ nke a mmanu ndi mere onwe, nke dabeere na a dịtụ emighị emi omimi nke mbara n'ígwé. Ya ego a na-ejedebeghị na otu ubi. Ya mere, ọ na ike gwụrụ otu ọdọ mmiri, ndị mmadụ na-akpụ akpụ na-esonụ. Ke ofụri ofụri, coal nwere ruo 97% carbon dị ọcha ụdị. Kemgbe ụwa, ọ na e guzobere, dapụtara na-anwụ anwụ tamping na akwukwo nri organic residues. Ndị a Filiks nwere kere ọtụtụ nde afọ, ya mere, a nnukwu ego na mbara ala bụ ugbu a coal mee.

Oil dị iche iche a na-akpọ mmiri mmiri gold, nke underlines na ọ dị mkpa a ịnweta akụ. Mgbe niile, ndị isi nke elu-edu fosil fuels, nakwa dị ka iche iche mmiri - isi akụrụngwa n'ihi chemical syntheses. Ndú mmanụ bụ mba ndị dị ka:

• Russia.
• US.
• Algeria;
• Mexico.
• Indonesia.
• Venezuela.
• Libya.

Natural gas, nke bụ ngwakọta nke gaseous hydrocarbons, ọ bụkwa otu ihe dị mkpa na ulo oru mmanụ ụgbọala. Ọ na-ezo aka ọnụ ala ngwaọrụ, n'ihi ya, ọ na-karịsịa-eji na a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ. N'ókèala eduga na mmepụta - Russia na Saudi Arabia.

Dara ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị dara umu

Nke a na-agụnye ndị dị otú ahụ minerals na nkume, dị ka:

• ụrọ;
• nzu;
• ájá;
• pebbles;
• gravel;
• gravel;
• talc;
• kaolin;
• barite;
• graphite;
• diamonds;
• quartz;
• apatite;
• site na ndị ọzọ na.

All iche nwere ike ga-grouped n'ime ọtụtụ iche iche dị ka ebe nke iji.

1. Mining na chemical mineral.
2. Metallurgical ngwaọrụ.
3. Nka na ụzụ kristal.
4. Construction ihe.

Otu a na-emekarị kwuru minerals na bara nnukwu uru. The ojiji nke na-abụghị metal minerals ọdịdị na achị na ọtụtụ. Ndị a bụ agriculture (fatịlaịza), ewu (ihe), iko agbaze, ọla, ngwa, obschehimicheskoe mmepụta, agba mmepụta na na.