Mmekọrịta ọla asịd. The mmeghachi omume nke na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid na ọla

Chemical mmeghachi omume nke ndị acid na metal bụ kpọmkwem maka data klas nke ogige. Na N'ezie nke ya hydrogen proton na natara na njikọ na acidic anion na-anọchi a metal cation. Nke a bụ ihe atụ nke na mmeghachi omume na-etolite na nnu, na ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke interactions-adịghị erube isi ụkpụrụ a. Ha n'ihu dị ka redox jikọtaghị ya evolushọn nke hydrogen.

Principles Jeremaya mere na ọla asịd

All inorganic acid meghachi omume na metal na-eduga guzobe salts. Isịneke bụ, ikekwe, na a magburu onwe metal mmeghachi omume na aqua regia, a ngwakọta nke hydrochloric na nitric asịd. Ọ bụla ọzọ na mmekọrịta nke asịd na ọla-eduga ná guzobe nke salts. Ọ bụrụ na ndị acid bụ ma lekwasị na igirigi ibu sulphuric ma ọ bụ nitric acid, ngwaahịa rapara ka a molekụla hydrogen.

Ma mgbe na-emeghachi omume lekwasị na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid, mmeghachi omume wee na ọla dị ka ụkpụrụ nke redox usoro. N'ihi na ọ bụ experimentally mata abụọ na ụdị mmekọrịta typical ọla na ike inorganic asịd:

• mmekọrịta nke ọla na-adịghị ike asịd;
• mmekọrịta na ndọpụ acid.

mbụ ụdị Jeremaya mere ime na ihe ọ bụla acid. The naanị wezụga na-lekwasị na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid na nitric acid mgbe ọ bụla ịta. Ha ikwu na a abụọ ụdị na iduga guzobe nke salts na Mbelata ngwaahịa nke sọlfọ na nitrogen.

Ahụkarị ọla imeghachi omume na asịd

Ọla-ewekarị ekpe nke hydrogen na a ọkọlọtọ electrochemical series, na-emeghachi omume na itughari na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid na ndị ọzọ asịd nke dị iche iche kasịnụ e wezụga nitrogen na-etolite a nnu na-akpa iche molekụla hydrogen. Ọla, emi odude-nri ke n'usoro electronegativity hydrogen, ike na-eme na n'elu kwuru banyere asịd na-emekọ nanị na nitric acid n'agbanyeghị ịta, na ndọpụ igirigi ibu sulphuric acid na aqua regia. Nke a bụ a typical mmekọrịta ọla asịd.

ọla mmeghachi omume na ndọpụ igirigi ibu sulphuric acid

Mgbe ọdịnaya nke na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid na ngwọta karịa 68%, ọ na-atụle ga-lekwasị na meghachi omume na ọla ekpe ma ziri ezi nke hydrogen. mmeghachi omume eruba ụkpụrụ na ọla nke dị iche iche ọrụ gosiri na foto dị n'okpuru ebe. N'ebe a, oxidizing gị n'ụlọnga bụ a sọlfọ atọm na sulfate anion. Ọ na-ebelata ka hydrogen sulfide, 4-valence oxide ma ọ bụ na molekụla sọlfọ ahụ.

Jeremaya mere na itughari nitric acid

Diluted nitric acid mkpatụ na metal, haziri ekpe ma ziri ezi nke hydrogen. N'oge mmeghachi omume na-arụsi ọrụ ike ọla-emepụta amonia, nke ozugbo dissolves na mkpatụ na nitrate anion na-etolite ọzọ nnu. Na ọla nkezi ọrụ nke acid mkpatụ na ntọhapụ nke molekụla nitrogen. Na obere ifịk mmeghachi omume ha retara na ntọhapụ nke 2-valence oxide nke nitrogen. Na ọtụtụ iche nke sọlfọ mgbake multiple ngwaahịa na a otu mmeghachi omume. Ihe Nlereanya nke ndị Jeremaya mere chọrọ na ndịna ngwa n'okpuru.

Mmeghachi omume na ndọpụ nitric acid

Na nke a na nitrogen-eme dị ka ndị oxidant. All Jeremaya mere na-agba ọsọ nnu guzobere na ntọhapụ nke nitric oxide. Scheme redox Jeremaya chọrọ maka ndịna ngwa. Na nke a, nlebara anya pụrụ iche kwesịrị mmeghachi omume nke aqua regia na obere ifịk ọcha. Ndị dị otú ahụ na mmekọrịta na ọla asịd nonspecifically.

Reactivity nke ọla

Ọla-eme na asịd n'egbughị oge, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ inerts. Nke a oké ọnụ ahịa ọla na ọcha, na ụkpụrụ dị elu electrochemical nwere. E nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọla nke na-wuru na ndabere nke a index. Ọ na-akpọ electronegativity. Ọ bụrụ na metal na-ekpe nime ya hydrogen, ọ nwere ike na-eme na itughari acid.

E nwere nanị otu wezụga: ígwè na aluminum n'ihi na guzobere n'elu a 3-valence oxides nwere ike adighi-eme na acid enweghị kpo oku. Ọ bụrụ na ngwakọta na-ụtọ, mgbe ahụ, ná mmalite omume a metal oxide film, na mgbe ọ na-etisasịwo na acid. Ọla, emi odude aka nri nke hydrogen na electrochemical usoro ọrụ ike na-eme na ihe inorganic acid, tinyere na itughari na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid. Abụọ wezụga na-achị: ndị a ọla na-etisasịwo ke lekwasị na itughari nitric acid na aqua regia. Nke ikpeazụ nwere ike na-etisasịwo rhodium, ruthenium, iridium na osmium.