Ndapụta na akụkọ banyere Schiller Friedrich

A ghọtara classic nke ụwa akwụkwọ bụ Friedrich Schiller. Biography na kpughere ya njirimara a na-enupu isi, a onye na-adịghị tụlee onwe ya na oge nke eluigwe na ala na-ezighị ezi feudal onwunwe. Ndụ ya feat masịrị ọbụna nke ezinụlọ eze, nke anyị na-akọwa n'okpuru. The ndụ nke na-ede uri na-ede egwuregwu na ya yiri a egwuregwu ejije, ebe talent na-adọga megide ịkpa ókè, ịda ogbenye na-enweta nkwanye.

Europe họọrọ ukwe nke European Union ya "Ode ka Joy." Nịm ka music Lyudvigom Van Beethoven, ọ dara ukwu, magburu.

The amamihe nke nwoke a pụta na achị na-ede uri, na-ede, art theorist, a fighter maka oke ruru mmadu.

mụrụ unfree

Mgbe Shiller Fridrih a mụrụ Germany, ọ bụ ka Nde serfdom.

The na-achị nke ukwu enweghị ike ịga ala n'ofè onwunwe nke ya suzerain. Ma ọ bụrụ na ndị dị otú ahụ na-eme, mgbe ahụ, gbara ọsọ laghachi site na ike. Citizen agaghịkwa ịgbanwe ọrụ ya na nke ọ na-"rapaara" feudal ma ọ bụ ịlụ di na nwunye na enweghị ikike nke nna ya ukwu. Na nke a nightmarish iwu ọnọdụ, yiri ígwè onu, na-anọ Friedrich Schiller.

Ọ ghọwo a kpochapụwo, kama, ọ bụghị site dịkọrọ ndụ German otu, ma n'agbanyeghị nke. Frederick, n'ụzọ ihe atụ, jisiri ịbanye n'ụlọ nsọ nke art site mechie ụzọ ya site na steeti na remnants nke Middle Ages.

Naanị na 1807 (Schiller akpa ke 1805), Prussia kagburu serfdom.

nne na nna

Schiller biography na-amalite Duchy nke Württemberg (Marbach onwem Neckar), bụ ebe a mụrụ na 11.10.1759, na ndị ezinụlọ onye nēje ozi, na regimental ọgwụ nnyemaaka Ioganna Kaspara Schiller. Mama m ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-ede uri bụ site a ezinụlọ pharmacists na innkeepers. Aha ya bụ Elizabeth Dorothea Kodvays. Na nne na nna ya 'ụlọ bụ ihe ikuku nke dị ọcha, dị mma n'anya ma na ọgụgụ isi ịda ogbenye.

The nna na nne nke Johann Kristofa Fridriha von Schiller (na nke a bụ aha nke ochie) nnọọ okpukpe na otu mmụọ ụmụ. Pope nke na-ede uri, a nwaafo nke oru ugbo wine na-eme n'ezinụlọ, bụ kechioma na-a ike na-akụziri. Ọ ghọrọ onye uweojii na nna ya ukwu, onye nwere ọgụgụ isi, ma ọ bụghị free. Ọ gbanwere ebe obibi, ụlọ ọrụ, na-esonụ na-uche nna ya ukwu.

guzobere

Mgbe nwata dị afọ ise, ndị ezinụlọ anyị kwagara obodo nke otu asị Lorch. Nna nwetara e breech ọnọdụ n'ọrụ Isonye. Afọ atọ mbụ chọọchị-nkà mmụta Friedrich Lorch aku pastọ, a ezi mmadụ, onye na-enwe ike ịdọrọ mmasị nwa okoro na Latin, German, na katkizim.

Mgbe asaa Schiller na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Ludwigsburg, ọ bụ ike na-amụ na Latin akwụkwọ. Na 23, bụ nwa okorobịa, a kụziiri nkwenye (nri ịgakwuru sacrament). Ke akpa enye chọrọ ịghọ a nchụàjà, na-agbaso charism nke ha nlekọta.

feudal despot

Biography nke Schiller ya-eto eto na-a usoro nke na-ata ahụhụ n'ihi na nke ọdịda ga Onyeisi obodo Württemberg. O nyere iwu ya serf na-amụ iwu na ndị agha ulo mmuta nke iwu ọrụ. Schiller gaghị adị ndụ onye ọzọ ndụ, o leghaara ihe. Mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị, nwa okorobịa ahụ bụ onye ikpeazụ na ndepụta na ọgbọ nke 18 ndị mmadụ.

Na 1776 ọ ghọrọ onye ngalaba nke nkà mmụta ọgwụ, ọ bịara nwee mmasị na-amụ ebe a. Ma na-ezi na nkà mmụta ọgwụ dọtara ya obere achị - nkà ihe ọmụma, akwụkwọ. Na 1777, a siri ike magazine "German Chronicle" bipụtara akpa ọrụ nke na-eto eto Schiller si ode "andikan", dere na n'iṅomi m hụrụ n'anya na-ede uri Friedrich Klopstock.

Biography nke Schiller, dị ka ndị a si n'elu, ọ bụghị "majeure" akụkọ. Man, na-adịghị kwetara na ihe ndị a chọrọ ka a ọkàiwu, ọ were a mmasị na Duke-achị n'aka ike. Uche ya 29-afọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Academy nanị otu ọnọdụ nke regimental dọkịta, na-enweghị ihe ọfịsa ọkwá. Despot yiri ka ọ bụ ike igbaji ndụ nke a ihere nwa okorobịa, ma Friedrich Schiller ama chere ike nke talent.

Talent na-ekwuputa onwe ya

32-afọ-ede akwụkwọ ihe nkiri bụ "na-apụnara mmadụ". Ọ dịghị nkwusa na Stuttgart anaghị ibido na-ebipụta ndị dị otú ahụ a oké njọ-arụ ọrụ nke a ohu, na-atụ egwu agha na ike nile, Duke nke Württemberg. Egosi ịnọgidesi ike n'ihe, na-ezisa onwe ya ka ọha na eze, ọ ebipụta ya Friedrich Schiller. Ya biography dị ka a na-ede na-amalite na-arụ ọrụ a.

Saucy amaala, nke bipụtara ihe nkiri bụ "na-apụnara mmadụ" na ya onwe ya ga-efu, bụ eto eto. Na Fate zitere ya a onyinye. Na-ere akwụkwọ na enyi ya na-eleta otu ọkachamara nke art site Baron von Dalberg, òtù na-achị Mayngemskim nkiri. Drama mgbe obere revisions ghọrọ isi nke ọzọ nkiri oge na Prussia!

Na-ede na-ekpuchi obi ike, ọ revels na talent. Na otu oge, Schiller bipụtara ya mbụ collection of poems, "Anthology of 1782". O yiri iru ọ bụla dị elu! Ọ mpi maka egwuregwu na Swabian uri akwụkwọ na Gothaldom Shteydlinom mbụ wepụtara ya "Collection of music." Iji na-enye ihe oyiyi nke asịrị ya collection, na-ede uri na-egosi ebe e sere ya n'akwụkwọ, Tobolsk.

Mkpagbu na ụzọ mgbapụ

Schiller biography na oge a na-akara site na ụgbọ elu nke banal County Palatinate. Nke a dị ize ndụ-eme, o kpebiri iji 22.09.1782, ya na enyi ya Streicher, pianist na andiwet. Duke nke Württemberg bụ eguzosi ike na-agbalịsi ike gbanwee n'ọdịnihu classic na-àkù campaigner.

Schiller etinye na izu abụọ na brig maka hapụrụ ndi agha maka ịga na ngosi nke "na-apụnara mmadụ". N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-machibidoro iwu na-ede.

Enyi,-enweghị ihe mere na-atụ egwu aghụghọ site Archduke. Schiller gbanwere aha Schmidt. Ya mere, ha biri bụghị n'obodo Mannheim, na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ "Hunter si yad" suburban obodo Oggersgeym.

Schiller na-ele anya na-eme ka a ọhụrụ e dere play "Izu ọjọọ nke Fiesco na Genoa." Otú ọ dị, ego pụtara nhụsianya. N'ịbụ ịda ogbenye, a manyere ya na-arịọ maka enyemaka si na Henriette von Valtsogen. Ọ n'ụba kwere ka ede egwuregwu ibi na ohere iputa ala na ụlọ.

Ibi n'okpuru ihe chere aha

Site 1782 na 1783 ala na ụlọ zoro n'okpuru a nru ugha aha benefactress Dr. Ritter Friedrich Schiller. Ya biography na oge a na - a nkọwa nke ndụ nke onye a jụrụ ajụ, họọrọ ihe ize ndụ, na-enwe ike ịzụlite ha talent. Ọ mụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na dere na play "Luisa Miller" na "Izu ọjọọ nke Fiesco na Genoa." Ịsọpụrụ enyi ya, Andreya Shtreyhera, onye dọgburu ezigbo mgbalị Mannheim nkiri director, Baron von Dalberg, ọ dọọrọ uche gaa na-arụ ọrụ nke ndị ọzọ. Schiller kwuru akwụkwọ ozi ahụ Baron ọhụrụ ya ejije, o kwenyere isoro ọfụma na-anapụta ha n'ụlọ!

N'oge a (1983) na-ala na ụlọ a gara Henriette von Valtsogen na ya na-eto eto nwa Charlotte. Schiller dara na ịhụnanya na girl na jụrụ nne ya maka ikike ịlụ ya ma na-jụrụ n'ihi na ha na ịda ogbenye. Ọ kwagara Mannheim iji kwadebe ọrụ ha na Nwa.

Ịchọta nnwere onwe. Inweta iwu ọnọdụ

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-egwu "Izu ọjọọ nke Fiesco na Genoa" na ogbo nke ihe nkiri nke Mannheim-agba dị ka ihe nkịtị na nkwupụta, na "Luisa Miller" (renamed "aghụghọ na Ịhụnanya") na-eweta a nnukwu hit. Na 1784 Schiller abanye obodo German otu nweta nri legalize ha ọnọdụ, na-aghọ Palatinate na-achị, na n'ikpeazụ ise a akara n'okpuru mkpagbu nke Archduke.

Ya na-enwe echiche nke ya na mmepe nke German ụlọ ihe nkiri, a na-akwanyere ùgwù dị ka a ma ama na-ede. Ọ na-ekwu ya na-arụ ọrụ "Ụlọ ihe nkiri - a omume alụmdi," aghọwo a kpochapụwo.

N'oge na-adịghị Schiller amalite a obere ihe omume na a nwaanyị lụrụ Charlotte von Kalb. Writer, chọrọ mysticism, ada a bohemian si ebi ndụ. Young na-ede uri na nwaanyị a na hụrụ ka ya ọzọ lụtara na inyom usoro nke mmeri.

Ọ ẹkenam Schiller na Darmstadt na Archduke Karl August. Ọ na-ede na-agụ mbụ omume nke ihe nkiri bụ "Don Carlos." Idem na obi ụtọ na-ede akwụkwọ si talent, dị mma nyere post of ndụmọdụ onye dere. Nke a nyere ede egwuregwu a na-elekọta mmadụ ọnọdụ, ọ bụghị ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, nke a emeghị gbanwee ndụ ya.

N'oge na-adịghị Schiller Ise-okwu na etịbede nkwekọrịta na director nke Mannheim nkiri. Na-ede na-ewere ya hit nwetara dabere na uche ya na ego na-agbalị na-etinye mgbali na Schiller.

Leipzig ewe sikwara ike njite na-ede uri

All otu edozibeghị ndụ nọgidere Friedrich Schiller. Ya biography bụghị oge mbụ na-akwadebe a igbu na ya onwe ya ndụ. N'ihi ịda ogbenye ọ gọrọ ndọ Margarita Shvan, nwa-nwayi a ikpe na-ere akwụkwọ. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị ndụ ya na-agbanwe agbanwe ka mma. Na Leipzig, anyị nwere mmasị n'ọrụ ya.

Ede egwuregwu dịwo nọgidere kpọrọ Fans nke ọrụ ya, haziri na a ọha mmadụ na-chịa Gottfried Kerner. Ẹka oké (ọ ka na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ ya ụgwọ nke 200 guilders, iwere maka n'akwụkwọ nke "na-apụnara mmadụ"), onye dere rịọrọ ya Fans na a arịrịọ maka ego enyem aka. Iji ya ụtọ, ọ na-adịghị anya natara a ụgwọ si Leipzig na ego zuru ezu iji kwụọ ụgwọ na kwaga ebe ọ na-ekele. Enyi Gottfried Kerner agbụ ochie niile nke ndụ ya.

17.04.1785 Mr. Schiller abịa anabata obodo.

N'oge a a classic n'ihi na atọ dara, ma ọzọ enweghị isi: ọ jụ Margarita Shvan. Ahụ hapụrụ ahapụ na a black ọchịchịrị classic arụpụta mmetụta bara uru nke ya onye enyemaka, Gottfried Körner. Ọ nwee nkụda mmụọ ihunanya enyi onwe-amalite ịkpọ ka agbamakwụkwọ nke Frederick Minna mkpara.

Ọkụ enyi na a lanarịrị oké ime mmụọ na nsogbu, maka agbamakwụkwọ nke enyi ya dere a na-ghar ode "Iji Joy" by F. Schiller.

Biography nke onye so dee onye biri na òkù nke otu n'akụkụ Kerner na Dresden Loschwitz n'obodo nta, na-akara site n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama na ọrụ :. "nkà ihe ọmụma Letters", nkiri bụ "The Misanthrope", dị ka emeziri site ejije "Don Carlos" Site okike ịmị mkpụrụ nke oge a yiri Boldin mgbụsị akwụkwọ Pushkin.

Schiller mara. Ede egwuregwu jụrụ inye si Hamburg na-eme ihe nkiri haziri ya ejije. Oke ọhụrụ na-echeta ihe isi ike ndị na imekọ ihe ọnụ na ezumike na Mannheim nkiri.

Weimar oge: a ọpụpụ si art. ụkwara nta

Ọ bụ 08/21/1787 abịarute Weimar na ọkpụkpọ òkù ndị na-ede uri Christoph Wieland. Ọ na-esonyere a ukwu, ihe ochie enyi, Charlotte von Kalb. Inwe banyere elu otu, ọ na-ewebata Schiller na-eduga German dere Johann na-azụ na Martin Wieland.

The na-ede uri malitere na-ebipụta magazin "Thalia", nke e biri na "German Mercury". N'ebe a, o napu apu fọrọ nke nta a afọ iri nke na-arụ ọrụ, ịkụziri onwe anyị na ihe mere eme. Ya nka na-akpọrọ ihe nke ukwuu, na na 1788 ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ na Mahadum nke Jena.

Ọ okwu na ụwa akụkọ ihe mere eme na uri, sụgharịta "Aeneid" by Virgil. Schiller natara a ụgwọ nke 200 thalers a afọ. Nke a bụ a pụtara obere ego, ma ọ na-enye ohere ya ka atụmatụ maka ọdịnihu.

Ya mere kpebie ndokwa ndụ ha wee lụọ nwunye Charlotte von lengefeld. Ma mgbe afọ anọ nke ndụ na-eweta ọhụrụ ule: ekwu okwu na oyi na-atụ klas na oria ya na-amụrụ, ọrịa na-arịa ụkwara nta Friedrich Schiller. Nti eziokwu na ya biography show charisma, ike n'ezi ihe nke mmadụ. Disease obe ya na ozizi ya ọrụ, riveted na bed, ma akara aka nke jụụ akụkụ nke na-emeri ụmụ mmadụ obi ike.

A ọhụrụ na ogbo nke eke

Dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na site na-efegharị efegharị nke a ike ka elu, na oge awa nke enyi ya aka. Ebe a ugbu a, mgbe ndị ọrịa emewo ka ndị na-apụghị ime nke Schiller ọrụ, na Danish dere Jens Holstein Baggens mekwara Prince na Gụọ Schimmelmann ekenye ochie maka ọgwụgwọ nke a onyinye nke a puku thalers.

Iron ga na enyemaka ego zụrụ bed ndidi na ụkwụ ya. Ọ pụghị na-akụzi, na enyi ya, ndị nkwusa Iogann Kotta nyere ohere irite. N'oge na-adịghị Schiller akpali ka a ọhụrụ ogbo nke creativity. Ọ eleezie-amalite na a ọdachi: na-ede uri na-akpọ a na-anwụ anwụ na nna, bụ ndị na n'oge ahụ biri na Ludwigsburg.

Ihe omume a na-atụ anya: tupu nna a ogologo oge na bụ oké ọrịa. Classic ma filial oru - ikwu goodbye nna-ya, na dọtara ohere mmakọ na ịkasi ya ndị nwanyị atọ na nne ya, onye ọ na-ahụbeghị arọ iri na asatọ!

Ma eleghị anya, na ihe mere na ọ gara na-onwe-ya, na nwunye ya, erube isi na steeti.

Anọ na ha obere n'ala nna, na-ede uri natara a dị ike mmụọ mkpali - ịzụlite creativity.

Mgbe otu ọnwa na ọkara mgbe e lisịrị nna ya, ọ gara ya Alma mater, ndị agha ulo mmuta. Ọ bụ ezigbo anya site eziokwu na ọ bụ arụsị maka ụmụ akwụkwọ. Ha kelere ya ịnụ ọkụ n'obi: ha n'ihu bụ a akụkọ - Shiller Fridrih, na-ede uri nọmba 1 na Prussia. N'ịbụ classic mgbe a nleta dere ya a ma ama na-arụ ọrụ "Letters na Aesthetic Education of Man."

Na Ludwigsburg mụrụ nke ọkpara-ya. O mesịrị nwee obi ụtọ. Ma ndụ nanị afọ asaa hapụụrụ ya ...

The na-ede uri laghachi n'obodo nke Jena, na a ala nke okike n'ike mmụọ nsọ. Ya faceted talent enwu ji ume ọhụrụ! Schiller, mgbe a afọ iri nke na-omimi na-amụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ozizi akwụkwọ, aesthetics, laghachi uri ọzọ.

Ọ jisiri na-adọta niile kasị mma na-ede uri nke Prussia isonye na "Ora" magazine. Na 1795, site na ya pen si nkà ihe ọmụma ọrụ nke uri, "The Dance", "Poetry nke ndụ", "Olileanya", "The amamihe", "The nkewa nke ala ahụ."

Imekọ ihe ọnụ na Goethe

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kpọrọ Schiller na "Ora" Journal na-ede uri na bụ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Ha ihe mkpụrụ obi batara omume, nke edemede e kere eke nke na ọtụtụ oké ọnụ ahịa nkume pel nke a olu nke oge gboo German akwụkwọ nke XVIII narị afọ.

Ha nwere otu ọhụụ nke civilizational ụkpụrụ nke French mgbanwe, ụzọ nke mmepe nke German akwụkwọ, a rethinking nke nkà oge ochie. Goethe na Schiller katọrọ nkọwa nke dịkọrọ ndụ akwụkwọ, okpukpe, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, aesthetic na ajụjụ nkà ihe ọmụma. Na akwụkwọ ozi dara omume na Civic ịnụ ọkụ n'obi. Abụọ na-ghar-ede uri, rọputara onwe-ya a edemede ije, mpi na ya mmepe:

• ebe December 1795 - na-ede epigrams;
• na 1797 - ede ballads.

Enyi na Enyi mmekorita nke Goethe na Schiller bụ a atụ dị ịrịba ama nke epistolary art.

The ikpeazụ tupu nke na-arụ ọrụ. Weimar

Na 1799 ọ laghachiri Weimar Friedrich Schiller. Works dere ya na Goethe bu mmepe nke German nkiri. Ha ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka eke ịrịba ama kacha mma nkiri na Germany - Weimar.

Otú ọ dị, ndị agha Schiller ihicha elu. Na 1800, o risịrị ede ya ọbọgwụ mmiri song - ọdachi "Maria Stuart", na-arụ ọrụ omimi, na-enwe ihe ịga nke ọma na a dịgasị resonance ke otu.

Na 1802, Eze Ukwu nke Prussia ofufe nke na-ede uri ama. Otú ọ dị, Schiller eleezie meghachi omume ka a. Ya-eto eto na tozuru okè kacha mma afọ jupụtara isi ike, na ugbu a ọhụrụ nobleman chere na ọ na-anwụ. Ọ esiri chọrọ ịjụ na-abaghị uru n'ihi na ya onwe ya aha, ma ọ nabatara ya, ọ na-eche echiche na nke ụmụ ha.

Ọ bụ mgbe na-arịa ọrịa, na-ata ahụhụ si na-adịghị ala ala oyi baa. Against a backdrop, ọ kara njọ ụkwara nta, me ka ọ nwụrụ ọnwụ elu nke talent na na afọ 45 na afọ.

ọgwụgwụ

Ọ dịghị ikwubiga okwu ókè ịsị na ndị Germany na hụrụ n'anya na-ede uri nke niile ndidi na uche Iogann Gete na Friedrich Schiller. Photos ncheta mgbe ngosi nke abụọ enyi bi na Weimar, maara ọ bụla German. Ha bara uru nke ukwuu onyinye akwụkwọ: ochie me ya ka ụzọ nke a ọhụrụ madu, chịkọta echiche nke Enlightenment, Romanticism na Classicism.