Ndọda ida. Neutron kpakpando. black oghere

Na ohere, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị ịtụnanya na-eme na ọhụrụ kpakpando-adị, kwụsị ochie na-etolite na nwa oghere. Otu nke oké na omimi phenomena na ihu ọma nke ndọda ida, nke ahụ na evolushọn nke kpakpando.

Apụta evolushọn - ọ na-agbanwe okirikiri njem kpakpando n'oge nke ya adị (nde ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ijeri afọ). Mgbe hydrogen nime ya agwụ na odomo n'ime helium, helium ntọala a kpụrụ, na ohere ihe amalite ịgbanwe n'ime red ibu - mbubreyo-ụdị kpakpando, nke nwere nnukwu luminosity. Ha ibu nwere ike gafere 70 ugboro uka nke anyanwụ. Nnọọ na-egbuke egbuke supergiants na-akpọ hyper Refeyim. Ke adianade elu ìhè, ha nwere a mkpirikpi adị.

Ihe kachasi mkpa n'ime ida

Nke a na onu a na-ewere ga-abụ njedebe mgbe nke mmalite nke kpakpando onye arọ bụ karịa atọ anyanwụ pụta (Sun ibu). Nke a bara uru na-eji na mbara igwe na physics ikpebi arọ nke ndị ọzọ w ozu. The ida pụtara na o mere mgbe ndị ndọda agha ime ka nnukwu w ozu nnukwu uka nnọọ ngwa ngwa shrinking.

Na kpakpando ịdị arọ nke ihe karịrị mmadụ atọ anyanwụ pụta ezuru ihe n'ihi na ọtụtụ anọ na Jeremaya mere. Mgbe umi-agwụ, na-akwụsị na ite mmeghachi omume, na kpakpando ga-agwụcha mechanically mụ. Nke a na-eduga ná eziokwu na ha nọ na supersonic gbapụrụ ọsọ na-amalite ịda mbà n'ebe etiti.

neutron kpakpando

Mgbe kpakpando na-abịakọrọ, ọ na-eduga ná nrụgide. Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-etolite na-ezu ike iji kwụsị ndọda mkpi, ọ na-aghọ a neutron kpakpando.

Dị otú ahụ elu ahu nwere a dị mfe owuwu. Ọ na-emi esịnede a isi nke na-ekpuchi ogbugbo, na ya, n'aka nke ya, na-kpụrụ nke electrons na atọm nuclei. Ya ọkpụrụkpụ bụ mkpokọta 1 km na dịtụ mkpa mgbe e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ ozu, aa na ohere.

Ibu neutron kpakpando bụ Sun arọ. Ihe dị iche n'etiti ha idu ke eziokwu na na okirikiri nke ha obere - ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 20 km. Inside ha na-eme onye ọ bụla ọzọ atọm nuclei, si otú akpụ, nuclear okwu. Ọ bụ nsogbu ya party adịghị enye a neutron kpakpando ịda mbà n'ihu. Kpakpando a ụdị ji a nnọọ elu rotational ọsọ. Ha na-enwe ike ime ka ọtụtụ narị revolutions kwa otu abụọ. Ọ na-amalite usoro ọmụmụ nke a agbawa, gbarie, nke pụtara n'oge ndọda ida nke a kpakpando.

supernovae

-Agbawa, gbarie bụ a onu Star mberede mgbanwe nke ihie. Ọzọ, kpakpando amalite nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ nwayọọ nwayọọ nwụọ. N'ihi ya na-agwụ ikpeazụ ogbo nke ndọda ida. All eri so a nnukwu ego nke ike.

Ọ ga-kwuru na ndị mmadụ nke Earth pụrụ ịhụ nke a onu nanị mgbe eziokwu. The ìhè esịmde planet mgbe ogologo oge mgbe akasiaha mere. Ọ bụ ihe na-akpata ihe isi ike ndị na-ekpebi ọdịdị nke supernovae.

Jụrụ nke neutron kpakpando

Mgbe mmechi nke ndọda mkpakọ, nke a neutron kpakpando kpụrụ, ya okpomọkụ dị nnọọ elu (nnọọ elu karịa okpomọkụ nke Sun). Star cools site neutrino jụrụ.

N'ime a nkeji ole na ole, ha okpomọkụ nwere ike ịda site 100 ugboro. N'elu ọzọ narị afọ - ọbụna ugboro 10. Mgbe Star luminosity mbelata ya jụrụ usoro a kwụsịlata ukwu.

Oppenheimer-Volkoff ịgba

Na otu aka, nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-egosi na kacha ekwe omume ịdị arọ nke a neutron kpakpando nke ike ndọda na-ahụ ụgwọ atụrụ neutron gas. Ọ na-enye ohere na-akwụsị ndị ọdịdị ndọda ida nke a nwa onu. N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-akpọ ịgba-Oppenheimer Volkova na-ma ala fọrọ arọ nwa oghere na a kpụrụ n'oge stellar evolushọn.

N'ihi a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na-adabaghị na ọ bụ ike ikpebi kpọmkwem uru nke a oke. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-eche na ọ bụ na nso nke si 2,5 3 suns. N'oge a, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu na kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ karịsịa neutron kpakpando bụ J0348 + 0432. Arọ ya dị ukwuu karịa abụọ anyanwụ pụta. The arọ nke lightest oghere ojii bụ 5-10 anyanwụ pụta. Astrophysicists na-ekwu na ndị a data bụ ibuo na-emetụta nanị ugbu a mara neutron kpakpando na nwa oghere, na-atụ aro na o nke ịdị adị nke ọzọ oke.

black oghere

The oghere ojii - na ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ịtụnanya phenomena na-erukwa na ohere. Ọ bụ a region ohere oge nke ndọda mma adịghị ekwe ka ọ bụla ihe si na ya. Ahapụ ya pụrụ ọbụna ahụ, nke nwere ike ife ọsọ nke ìhè (gụnyere photons nke ìhè). Ruo mgbe 1967, nwa oghere, a na-akpọ "na friji na kpakpando," "collapsar" na "osụhọ kpakpando."

Na a oghere ojii bụ ndị na-abụghị. Ọ na-akpọ a na-acha ọcha onu. Dị ka anyị maara, si oghere ojii agaghị ekwe omume agbanahụ. Ma ihe ndị na-acha ọcha, mgbe ahụ, ha enweghị ike ịbanye ya abanye.

E wezụga ndọda ida, ime ka e guzobere a oghere ojii nwere ike daa na etiti nke galaxy ma ọ bụ protogalactic anya. E nwekwara a ozizi na nwa oghere bụ n'ihi nke Big Bang, nakwa dị ka ụwa anyị. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-akpọ ha bụ isi.

Anyị galaxy, na e nwere otu nwa onu, nke, dị ka astrophysicists, e guzobere si ndọda ida nke supermassive akpọkwa. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu na ndị a oghere na-etolite isi set nke ụyọkọ kpakpando.

-Enyocha mbara igwe nke United States na-ekwu na size nke nnukwu nwa oghere nwere ike budata eleda. Ha echiche na-dabere na eziokwu na iru ka kpakpando nke na-agba na nke ha na-akpali site na galaxy M87 dị ka nde mmadụ 50 ìhè afọ si na mbara ala anyị, uka nke oghere ojii na etiti nke galaxy M87 ga-dịkarịa ala 6.5 ijeri anyanwụ pụta. N'oge, dị ka ọ na-eche na arọ nke nnukwu oghere ojii bụ 3 ijeri anyanwụ pụta, nke bụ ihe karịrị ugboro abụọ obere.

Njikọ nke nwa oghere

Ọ na-chepụtara na a ihe nwere ike iyi ka a n'ihi nke nuclear Jeremaya mere. Ọkà mmụta sayensị nyere ha aha kwantum nwa onyinye. Ha kacha nta dayameta nke 10 ^-18 m, na ndị kasị nta na ibu - 10 ^-5 obodo

The Large Hadron Collider e wuru maka njikọ nke microscopic nwa oghere. Ọ na-e chere na ya ga-ekwe omume bụghị naanị synthesize nwa onu, kamakwa simulate na Big Bang, nke ga recreate usoro nke na-akpụ a plurality ohere ihe, gụnyere mbara Ụwa. Otú ọ dị, nnwale na-emezughị, n'ihi na ike na ike nwa oghere bụ ezughị.