N'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa - bụ ụbụrụ na-aghọ, ndị bụ maka ọganihu nke Russia

Na-amụ nke na-elekọta echiche na Russia na ọ bụ omume na-aga n'oge gara aga na 40-ies narị afọ nke 19, mgbe echiche kpụrụ Slavophiles na n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa. Esemokwu ha abụghị n'elu ikpeazụ narị afọ na ka nwere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị mkpa, karịsịa na ìhè nke na-adịbeghị anya ihe.

The ikuku nke narị afọ nke 19

Ná mmalite narị afọ nke 19, Russia bụ na obodo na ala nke feudal mode nke mmepụta, na iche Europe, ebe a usoro nke igba nke ikeketeorie bourgeois mmekọahụ. N'ihi ya, ụba aku backwardness nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu, nke nyere oge iji na-egosipụta na ọ dị mkpa maka mgbanwe. Site na nnukwu ha, ha malitere azụ Peter mbụ, ma na ya pụta ezughi oke. N'otu oge bourgeois mmekọahụ agha ụzọ ha na Europe site revolutions, ọbara na-eme ihe ike. Eme mpi, Noa nrigbu. Adịbeghị anya eziokwu ndị na sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ, ọtụtụ ndị si mba na-elekọta mmadụ echiche. E nwere nnọọ ihe kwere nghọta ụka banyere ihe ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nke mba, na ihe na bugara otu oké na ndị eze ukwu na esịtidem iwu ọzọ. Slavophiles na n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa - abụọ na-abụghị ụzọ Russia, ma onye ọ bụla nwere iji mee ka ọ na-enwe ọganihu.

Omume ije nke Slavophiles

Fọrọ nke nta ka narị afọ abụọ n'etiti elu klas nke Russian ala e guzobere poklonnicheskoe gasị Europe na ya rụzuru. Russia a na-esiwanye gbanwee, na-agbalị yiri Western mba. A. S. Homyakov mbụ nyere na ngosi ọha echiche banyere ụzọ pụrụ iche nke mmepe nke anyị na ala - na ndabere nke collectivism, nke na-egosipụta onwe ya na ndị bi n'ime obodo. Nke a eliminates mkpa mesie backwardness nke ike ma na hà Europe. Around owụt adian n'otu ụbụrụ na-aghọ, karịsịa dere. Ha bịara mara dị ka ndị Slavophiles. N'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa - a ụdị azịza ije. Anọchitekwa anya nke Westernism, dabere na echiche nke Georga Gegelya, hụrụ otu emekarị na mmepe nke mba niile nke ụwa.

Nkà ihe ọmụma Foundations nke n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa

N'oge ochie nke mmadụ dara jụrụ site Paul Gauguin: "Ònye ka anyị na-ebe Iji ???". Banyere akụkụ ikpeazụ ya e wepụtara atọ echiche. Ụfọdụ kwuru na agbazee mmadu. Ndị ọzọ na-na - na-akpụ akpụ na a gburugburu, ya bụ, cycles. Ma, ndị ọzọ na-arụ ụka na-aga n'ihu. N'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa - bụ ụbụrụ na-aghọ na-jide ikpeazụ anya. Ha kweere na akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ na-aga n'ihu, o nwere onye vector mmepe, na Europe n'ihu ndị ọzọ nke ụwa na-akọwa ụzọ na ga na-aga ndị niile ọzọ. Ya mere, na obodo nile, dị ka nke ọma dị ka Russia, kwesịrị ilekwasị anya rụzuru nke European mmepeanya na ebe niile nke ọha mmadụ na-enweghị isịneke.

Against n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa Slavophiles

Ya mere, na 40s nke narị afọ nke 19 na ọ nwere ideological see "Slavophiles - n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa". A table atụnyere ihe ndị bụ isi mmalite, Jizọs maara nke kasị mma na-egosi echiche ha na n'oge gara aga na-eme n'ọdịnihu nke Russian ala.

nnọchiteanya nke n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa

Otu ihe dị mkpa ọrụ ke oké bourgeois mgbanwe 60-70s egwuri n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa. Representatives nke ọha echiche abụghị naanị ideological inspirers nke ala mgbanwe, ma ha onwe ha so na mmepe ha. N'ihi ya, na-arụsi ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ na ọnọdụ nwere Konstantin Kavelin, onye dere a "Cheta na ntọhapụ nke ndị nkịtị." Timofey Granovsky, a prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, kwalitere n'ihu nke mgbanwe tọrọ ala ná mmalite iri na asatọ na narị afọ, ndị Enlightenment maka n'ọrụ ọchịchị iwu. Around ya na Igbere dị ka kpọrọ ndị mmadụ, nke na-agụnye Turgenev, Botkin, M. Katkov, Vernadsky, B. Chicherin. N'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa echiche bụ ihe ndabere nke ihe ndị kasị nwayọọ nwayọọ na-mgbanwe nke narị afọ nke 19 - ọkàikpe, nke tọrọ ntọala ọchịchị nke iwu na obodo ọha.

Akara aka nke n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa

Ọ na-eme na na usoro nke na mmepe nke a na-elekọta mmadụ ije bụ ya n'ihu fragmentation, ie gbawara n'etiti. Ọ dịghị ma e wezụga, na n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa. Nke a na-emetụta isi ka a mata buu iche iche na-ekwusa a revolutionary ụzọ nke na-eme mgbanwe. Ọ na-agụnye Belinsky, N. Ogarev, na, n'ezie, Alexander Herzen. N'oge ụfọdụ, o mere slavophiles convergence na revolutionary n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa bụ ndị kweere na ugbo obodo nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndabere nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ngwaọrụ ọha mmadụ. Ma ọ bụ bụrụkwa. Ke ofụri ofụri, esemokwu nke echiche mbụ ụzọ nke Russia mmepe aka ọrụ pụrụ iche nke anyị mmepeanya na ụwa, na mkpa maka pro-Western nghazi nọgidere. Ugbu a, ndị ike bụ tumadi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị okirikiri, nke kwụpụta n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa. Anọchitekwa anya nke ije na ihu ọma nke mwekota n'ime European Union, na-ahụ ya dị ka a ụzọ nke impasse nke mepere anya, nke gụnyere ma na oge nke socialist ewu.