Nomenclature nke organic ogige

Na akwukwo ndi ozo na ndu kwa ubochi, a na-eji aha ndi mmadu na-eme ihe ndi di iche iche di iche iche. Enwere mkpa iji mara ụkpụrụ ha bụ isi.

Nomenclature nke organic ogige.

N'oge, n'ihi aha otu organic okwu na-eji atọ nomenclature: akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma ọ bụ na-adịchaghị mkpa (na French pụtara nkịtị, ndị na-abụghị ezi) ò (smart, adabara) na sayensị ma ọ bụ Ịhazi na nkà mmụta sayensị mepere IUPAC.

A na-adịchaghị mkpa nomenclature nke organic ogige bilitere site na oge, mgbe oghere nke a akpan akpan organic okwu. Aha na-egosipụtakarị eke na isi mmalite nke mbụ ewepụtara organic compound (ethyl mmanya, urea, okpete sugar, lactate, acetate, citrate, formic acid), ụzọ nke na-amị umi (Ester wax nche), ezinụlọ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-chọpụtara compound (Lewis acid, hydrocarbon Chichibabina, kichton nke Michler). Mgbe ụfọdụ aha ndị ahụ bụ ihe mberede (methane, acetone, asparagine, carbohydrates).

Ntughari nomenclature nke ogige ihe oriri

Ọ dabeere na-adịchaghị mkpa aha nke mfe bekee ahụkarị nke a na klas nke organic ogige na a molekul ebe otu ma ọ bụ karịa nke nwụrụ atọm e dochie ọzọ atọm ma ọ bụ atọm dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ethane dị na nomenclature ziri ezi na-akpọ methane methane; ethyl mmanya (mmanya ewepụtara mfe carbinol) - metilkarbinolom; Akuku propionic - methyl acetate, wdg. Otú ọ dị, maka usoro ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya, nchịkọta nomenclature nke ihe ndị dị ndụ adịghị mma. Ya mere, a choro ka o mepụta aha ohuru nke sayensi ohuru, nke aha nke bio-compound na usoro ya kwesiri idiri onwe ya.

Nkọwapụta nke sayensị nke ogige ndị sitere n'okike nke IUPAC kere bụ ihe kachasị mma nke dị n'elu. Dịka iwu ya si kwuo, ihe ọ bụla a na-emepụta, nke a chọpụtara ma ọ bụ mee ka ọ dịrị na mbụ, nakwa nke a na-emepụta n'oge anyị, ka e kenyere aha sayensị, nke ndị chemists si n'akụkụ nile nke ụwa na-eji.

E kwadoro ntọala nke nomenclature ahụ na ntinye nke otu onye Germany German Chemical Chemist A. V. Hoffmann (1818-1892) na 1892 na International Congress of Chemists na Geneva (a na-akpọ nomenclature nke ogige ndị a na-akpọ Geneva nomenclature). Site na mmepe nke onwu ihe omumu, e mezuru ma gbakwunye ya. N'okpuru nzuko IUPAC na London (1947), e mepụtara ndokwa nke oge a maka aha ogige ndị dị na ya ma kwadoro n'ụdị "Iwu nke nchịkọta aha IUPAC".

Site na IUPAC (Geneva), e guzobere ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide, a na-enyekwa aha sayensị imeghe ma mepụta ogige ndị ọhụrụ. E bipụtara mpịakọta atọ nke "iwu nomenclature nke IUPAC" na mbụ USSR (1 st na 2 nd 1979, 3 rd - 1983). Dịka iwu ndị a si dị, aha ogige ndị ahụ nwere nchịkọta aha nke mpempe akwụkwọ na ihe ịrịba ama na-egosi ụzọ e si ejikọta ihe ndị ahụ.

A na - atụgharị ụzọ anọ maka ịmepụta aha IUPAC: 1) ntụgharị - otu mkpụrụ akwụkwọ a na - ewere dịka ntọala maka aha ahụ, ma a na - ele nke abụọ anya dị ka ihe dị na hydrogen, dịka ọmụmaatụ (C6H5) 2CH, - diphenylmethane, 2), dịka a na - aha aha ụlọ ahụ site na ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ yiri, C6H5 -C6H5-biphenyl; 3) na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ebe aha dabere n'aha nke ọrụ ahụ, yana aha radical, dịka ọmụmaatụ, CH, = CHCl - chloride chloride;) 4 a na-eji ụdị nomenclature dịgasị iche iche mee ihe maka aha hydrogen organic complexes nke mkpụrụ ndụ ya nwere na-abụghị carbon carbon.

N'ọrụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị, a na-ejikarị usoro ntụgharị ọrụ arụ ọrụ na ihe mgbakwunye nke IUPAC nomenclature.