Ntọhapụ nke Belgrade si Nazi, na 1944

2014 bụ ọgaranya anniversaries. Mgbe niile, afọ 70 gara aga, were ntọhapụ nke Belgrade, Bucharest, Sofia na ọtụtụ obodo ndị ọzọ na n'isi obodo nke Europe site na Soviet agha. Karịsịa-eme ememe ncheta nke a ncheta nditọete Serbia, ebe a ụbọchị na-echeta heroism nke ndị agha nke Red Army. Ebe ọ bụ na ntọhapụ nke Belgrade ada itie ke 1944, nke Soviet na Yugoslav agha ndị ndú na-egwuri a dị oké mkpa-ekere?

prehistory

Na-arụ nke Yugoslavia site Nazi agha malitere mgbe onye na-ufiop bombardment nke Belgrade April 6, 1941. Ozugbo a guzobe nke n'òtù ndị agha okpuru. Na ibido ahụ nku abụọ adị: onyeeze na Kọmunist. O doro anya na ha na-arụkọ kpebiri akwado ndị na-akwado ndị a dọọrọ n'agha King Peter II. Otú ọ dị, site na 1943 monarchists, ma ọ bụ, dị ka ha na-akpọ, na-Chetniks, kpamkpam emegide agbụrụ ọcha nke na-abụghị Serb bi Yugoslavia na Soviet na British ọchịchị malitere n'ihu ọha na-akwado ndị Communist ndú Josip Broz Tito.

Ọnọdụ na n'ihu tupu ịwa ahụ Belgrade

Ruru ya ala ọnọdụ, Serbia ka mgbe niile a ụzọ mgbe na Balkans. Ya mere, German iwu si n'ụbọchị ndị mbụ nke na-arụ nke akụkụ a nke Yugoslavia nọ e bukwanu ike. Ọzọkwa, mgbe ndị Red Army unen ke Romania na Bulgaria, ọ na-tọhapụrụ ndị Danube Serbia na-ọbụna ihe dị mkpa maka Wehrmacht. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ala nke obodo ndị Germany na-aga ịhazi a agbachitere akara megide ịka Soviet agha, nke ga-ịdọrọ ya agha si Greece na Macedonia na iziga ha iji chebe ala nke Germany. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ doro anya na ntọhapụ nke Belgrade (1944) ga-esi ike ma ga-achọ ezi nkwadebe.

Karịsịa, ndị ọzọ 28 July 1944 nke NLA of Yugoslavia si Bosnia kwupụta Serbia, na September malitere ịchụkwudo na Soviet agha. The ozi ọma nke obibia nke Red Army e ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-anabata ndị bi Yugoslav isi obodo, nke na ọ bụ ihe ịrịba ama na ntọhapụ nke Belgrade dị nso. Ke adianade do, na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, ndị German iwu kpebiri ịdọrọ si Balkans na Hungary Army Group "E", na ntọhapụ nke Bulgaria kwuru agha Germany na ruo mgbe Ukraine n'ihu m Nye III, II na IV nke Bulgarian Army.

Malite nke ọrụ

Na oge site na 15 na 21 September 17 Air Army e nyere ya iwu site na Soviet iwu ka bọmbụ àkwà mmiri na ndị ọzọ dị mkpa ihe, si otú na-egbochi na ndọrọ ego nke German agha si n'ebe ndịda na mpaghara nke Yugoslavia na Greece. Ekem, ke September 28 malitere iwe na Belgrade 57th Army, nke si nri iyi tojubigara ókè, kpuchie Danube Flotilla, a manyere ha site minefields. Soviet agha na imekọ ihe ọnụ NOAYU akụkụ na a obere oge mebiri site na onye iro chebe onwe tinyere ókè na Bulgaria na mere a siri Itie site Serbian Carpathians, mgbe niile na-ekere òkè n'agha na alaghachi azụ Germany.

Belgrade ntọhapụ: ụbọchị na isi nkebi nke ọrụ

October 8, Soviet agha gafere Morava osimiri na iru a bridgehead na Palanka na Velika Plana. Site n'ebe ahụ na October 12 oru ihe rụrụ na Belgrade si n'ebe ndịda, nke e gara site na Bulgarian agha nkeji na 2 NOAYU ahu. N'otu oge ahụ malitere ịgafe nke Danube otu n'ime ụlọ nke Ukrainian Front, nke ka o kwe omume agha na Yugoslavia, isi obodo nke dị n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.

Site October 14, Belgrade ọrụ na-esonụ mere:

• 12 NOAYU agha were akara nke na-eduga na isi obodo, emi odude n'ebe ndịda nke Sava River;
• V-eche ha nche ígwè agha wee Belgrade na sonyeere agha na ya ná mpụga;
• 57th Army malitere ịka tinyere Danube, na-agbalị ngwa ngwa ga-esi Belgrade.

Ke adianade do, na October 16 na Smederevo Danube flotilla bụ a ọdịda. Ọbụna na enyem-aka nke ndị dị otú ahụ nnukwu agha zuru ezu ntọhapụ nke Belgrade si Nazi were naanị ụbọchị isii kemgbe mmalite nke ọrụ. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na German agha obodo ọzọ ihe karịrị 20,000 ndị mmadụ, nọ na-onwunwe nke 170 egbe na ogbunigwe na 40 tankị. Ma, ikpe ikpe site na nzuzo ntụziaka nke Wehrmacht Command, a niile agha na-aga àjà iji hụ na ndọrọ ego nke ọtụtụ puku ndị agha otu "E".

Military nkeji na wee akụkụ ke Belgrade ọrụ, na ca na NOAYU ọnwụ

Na Soviet n'akụkụ ke wakpo na Yugoslav isi obodo abuana IV-eche ha nche ígwè agha, 236th bipu, 73th na 106th-eche ha nche Division, onye-emegide ugbo elu ogbunigwe nkewa, ọtụtụ ngwa agha, ogbunigwe na onwe-propelled ogbunigwe regiments, atọ dị iche iche emegide ugbo elu ogbunigwe ndi agha. Ke adianade do, onye kwesịrị ileda ọrụ nke Yugoslav n'akụkụ nyere 8 nkewa, enweghị nke ntọhapụ nke Belgrade ga-egbu oge ọbụna karị. N'oge na-arụ ọrụ na Red Army efu ndị e merụrụ, gburu na-efu ihe karịrị 30 000 agha nke ndị na na obodo, na-egbu ihe dị ka 1,000 n'okporo ámá. N'ihi ya NOAYU aja n'oge wakpo dịrị 2953 ọrụ afọ ofufo.

Military ndú, keere òkè dị mkpa na ntọhapụ nke ndị Yugoslav isi obodo

Ntọhapụ nke Belgrade (1944) wee ebe ọtụtụ ekele na achikota omume nke Soviet na Yugoslav isi. Dị ka ekwuola, isi ọrụ na-kenyere III bụ Ukrainian n'ihu iwu F. I. Tolbuhina, kpọmkwem na 57th Army, nke na oge na-eduzi Lt. Gen. N. A. Gagen. Otu n'ime ihe ndị Soviet agha ndị ndú kwesịkwara-kwuru General Zhdanov, onye nyere iwu ka IV-eche ha nche ígwè agha na natara ịwa Belgrade aha nke dike nke Soviet Union na Ndị mmadụ dike nke Yugoslavia. N'ihe gbasara iwu nkeji NOAYU were iwe ọkụ Belgrade, e nyere Dapchevicha Peko, onye gosiri ya nkà ime nhazi ọbụna n'oge ndị Spanish Civil War.

Nrite "N'ihi na Ntọhapụ nke Belgrade"

Iji na-agba ndị dị iche onwe ya na agha nke isi obodo nke Yugoslavia, June 9, 1945 a pụrụ iche na steeti award e guzobere. Ọ bụ Nrite "N'ihi na Ntọhapụ nke Belgrade", nke natara banyere 70,000 ndị mmadụ. Nke a award bụ a zuru okè gburugburu nke 3.2 cm n'obosara ọla, ejikọrọ site n'ọnụ ndị mgbanaka tab na ụkpụrụ pentagonal ngọngọ, nke na-kpuchie na a nwa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ teepu warara n'etiti. The obverse nke mkpụrụ ego edebe convex e dere "maka ntọhapụ nke Belgrade", n'elu nke bụ a ise-kapịrị ọnụ kpakpando. Ọzọkwa, ọ e sere circumferentially laurel. Ma agbara, ọ dịghị ụbọchị ntọhapụ nke Belgrade na e dere bụ anya na nke a obere ise kapịrị ọnụ kpakpando. nrite imewe e kere artist A. I. Kuznetsovym, ọ na-kenyere na-eyi na n'aka ekpe nke obi.

Celebrations akara nke 70 ncheta nke ntọhapụ nke Belgrade

Ọ bụ ezie na omenala Nme na oge nke ẹkụre German arụ nke Serbian isi obodo ẹkenịmde October 20, 2014 ememe ẹkenịmde ụbọchị anọ mbụ. Dị ka ukara version of ya n'ihi na eziokwu na ọ bụ October 16, 1944, ndị agha Soviet tọhapụ etiti nke Belgrade. Ọzọkwa, pịa kọrọ na a ka e mere iji hụ na na ememe e gara site President Vladimir Putin.

Hits "Nzọụkwụ na-eto eto" na Belgrade

October 16, 2014 na Serbian isi obodo n'ihi na oge mbụ a agha Nme ẹkenịmde mgbe 1985. N'ihi ya, ndị ọchịchị nke mba a, ime ememe nke 70 ncheta nke ntọhapụ nke Belgrade. Mgbe a na-eme ememe e gara site banyere 100 puku bi, n'ọkwá kasị elu nke Serbia na V. V. Putin. Na mgbakwunye na-agafe convoy nke Serb agha na akụrụngwa nke elu-igwe n'elu Belgrade gosiri ha art nke Russian ụgbọelu nke "Swifts" otu.

N'ihi ya, anyị nwere ike ikwu na agbali ideghari ihe mere eme nke narị afọ gara aga na Europe na ikpe nke Serbia enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma, na ndị nke mba a na-echeta feat nke Soviet agha, bụ ndị a chụpụrụ onye fasizim scum na tọhapụ Belgrade.