Nuclear gbawara n'akụkọ ihe mere eme

Mmalite nke forties nke XX narị afọ ọgaranya ịrịba ihe n'ihi sayensị. Ọ ji kasị ukwuu nchoputa na ubi nke nuclear physics na pụtara na mmadu oké ohere utilitarian nhọpụta nke a ọhụrụ dị ike isi iyi nke ike. Ma ụwa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnọdụ n'oge kpebisiri N'ezie nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. Mgbalị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ọtụtụ mba na-eduzi ojiji nke nuclear ike na a udo N'ezie enweghị isi, ebe ọ bụ na mkpa e tinyere na ihu ọma nke na-akpụ a ọhụrụ ụdị ngwá agha.

The mbụ na mmepe nke ngwá agha nuklia see United States. E mepụtara na oru ngo na koodu aha "Manhattan Project." The atọ bombs e kere n'oge a na oru ngo, nke nyere aha ndị "Atọ n'Ime Otu", "Abụba Man" na "Little Boy". Bomb "Atọ n'Ime Otu" a gbawakwara n'oge a nuclear ule, "Abụba Man" e ama esịn ke Nagasaki na Hiroshima na bọmbụ natara site na "ụmụ".

Akụkọ na-aga na na August 1945, kpọmkwem izu atọ mgbe ndị ule nke mbụ atọm bọmbụ, US President Harry Truman nyere iwu bombu nke Hiroshima na Nagasaki. Ntem, e nwere otu ihe na bọmbụ n'elu Hiroshima, na mgbe ụbọchị atọ gasịrị, a abụọ bọmbụ ama esịn ke Nagasaki on August 6 afọ a. American ọchịchị kweere na site n'ime otú ahụ kwụsị agha n'etiti United States na Japan.

Nuclear mgbawa mere kolosalnye pụta. Mgbe bombu na gbawara Hiroshima ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ agukọta ka otu narị na iri anọ na puku ndị mmadụ. Nagasaki nwekwara furu efu banyere puku mmadụ iri asatọ ndị mmadụ. Japan enweghị oke ma ịtọgbọ. Ya mere, August 15 ngwá nke ikwenye na-aka site Japanese ọchịchị. Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa nuclear gbawara dara na abụọ Japanese obodo, bụ nanị onye gbawara, kpọmkwem iji na mbibi nke ndị mmadụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na mbụ mmalite na ubi nke nuclear physics nwere lekwasịrị anya bara uru ngwa maka udo, nnyocha na a direction gara n'ihu. Ugbua na 1949, ndị Soviet Union, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị malitere maka nuklia ike oru ngo. Na ụbọchị nke May 1950, ewu malitere na ụwa mbụ nuclear ike osisi nso obodo nke Obninsk, Kaluga region, dị ka ọ na-ama na e ulo oru na afọ anọ. A afọ ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị, akpa ogbo nke abụọ Soviet nuklia ike osisi na Tomsk region na Seversk ẹkenam. N'otu afọ malitere na-ewu nke Beloyarsk ebe ke Urals obodo nke Zarechny, Sverdlovsk Region. Mgbe afọ isii, mbụ na-adọ nke ebe e tinyere n'ime ọrụ, na a ọnwa ole na ole mgbe malite Beloyarki utom ke akpa ngọngọ nke nuclear ike osisi nso n'obodo Novovoronezh. Na zuru ike, ọdụ akwụ mgbe nyere nke abụọ ogbo na 1969. The afọ 1973 ji egbe nke Leningrad nuclear ike osisi.

The ewu nke aha ọjọọ nuclear ike osisi ke edere edere Ukraine, na nso obodo Chernobyl, e rụrụ na 1978 biri na egbe nke anọ unit na 1983. Ọrụ nke a owuwu bụ Okpu oru ngo ahụ Soviet Union. The Chernobyl mberede bụghị nanị. Na September 1982, mgbe ntaghari ohuru nke mbụ ngọngọ nke chernobyl mberede na ọdụ, Bilie ntọhapụ n'ime ikuku nke na gas-Alụlụụ ngwakọta redioaktivu. N'ihi ya, a ịrịba ntọhapụ nke ókèala e emetụta, ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọchịchị na eze kwuru na gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị emetụta.

A oké mkpa ọrụ ke eke nke Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi mberede keere, nke weere ọnọdụ na 1986. Nuclear gbawara Chernobyl égbè eluigwe gbara na 00 awa 23 nkeji April 26 n'oge ule nke ọzọ turbogenerator. Ihe ahụ gbawaranụ bibiri kpam kpam chernobyl, n'elu ụlọ nke tobaim ulo osụhọ, e nwere ihe karịrị iri atọ na oche nke ọkụ. Site 5 elekere ke usenubọk niile ọkụ e tutu amama. The mberede sochiri a dị ike redioaktivu umu anwuru. N'oge gbawara gburu abụọ òtù nke ebe, ihe karịrị otu narị mmadụ e zigara Moscow. N'ihi na mberede, ihe karịrị otu narị na iri atọ ọrụ nke Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi na mberede ọrụ natara radieshon ọrịa.

Ke ofụri ofụri, generalized data nke a nuclear gbawara Chernobyl ka ẹkedọhọ 28 ndụ, na ihe na narị isii ndị mmadụ natara ịrịba radieshon dose, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ndị òtù-adị njọ ihe huworo ta.