Ojoro na narị afọ. Famous scammers na fraudsters

XX Century banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka narị afọ nke wayo na nnukwu aghụghọ. Sale nke eiffel tower, ego pyramid MMM, ohi ahụ e zuru, ọgwụ òké rie ọ nwụọ - ezughị ezu ndepụta nke wayo na kwara ndi mmadu. Ya mere, anyị na-ewetara gị ihe top 10: kasị oké ọchịchọ ojoro na narị afọ.

10 ebe. The duo, ndị nwere ike na-abụ abụ

Rating nke oké aghụghọ nke XX narị afọ ga-emepe na-ewu ewu na 80-90-ies. German pop otu Milli Vanilli. Rob Pilatus na Fabrice Morvan ridara na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka duo ndị nwere ike na-abụ abụ.

Milli Vanilli - protégé nke ama German na-emeputa Frank Farian. The duo e guzobere n'oge 80-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ na ọsọsọp ude gburugburu ụwa. Grandiose egosi, arụmọrụ na nnukwu obodo nke Europe, ọtụtụ nde ndị Fans - niile a na-a eziokwu na nke mbụ dancers na Rob Faris. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke duo ewu ewu bụ n'afọ 1990 mgbe Milli Vanilli natara prestigious Grammy Award na udi "Best New Artist". Otú ọ dị, otu ọrụ n'oge na-adịghị etre ruru ka asịrị. N'oge a egwu na Bristol (United States), ebe Rob na Faris bụrụ abụ "ndụ", e nwere a technical odida nke a disk na nke e dere na soundtrack. N'ihi ya, na okwu nke ama song «Girl Ọfiọk Ọ bụ eziokwu» na-ahụ ọtụtụ ugboro, na duo a manyere ịhapụ idaha. Ọ tụgharịrị na n'oge ya arụmọrụ Pilatus na Morvan ṅomie na-abụ abụ, na mbụ olu bụ American-ọbù-abù Charles Shaw, Brad Howell na John Davis.

Mgbe asịrị sochiri a ogologo ikpe. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, duo manyere inye ihe niile kwuo. Ke adianade do, cheated ụmụ akwụkwọ dechapụ na-eri nke enwetara ndia Milli Vanilli, na tiketi ka ha concerts.

9 ebe. Miracle Dzhona Brinkli

9 ebe anyị ogo nke "kasị oké ọchịchọ ojoro narị afọ" ọgwụ wayo were Dzhona Brinkli. Onye a ike na a afọ ole na ole gbanwee site a ogbenye obodo na nwa okoro ruo multimillionaire!

Dzhon Brinkli A mụrụ a obere American obodo. Na-eto, o nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ. Ọ bụ n'oge a, John amalite-eche banyere iwu na-akwadoghị-enwetakwa. "Teachers" Brinkley bịara mara na North Carolina scammers na fraudsters.

Na 1918, John zụtara a ọgwụ ogo wee malite iji mejuputa a dịgasị iche iche nke aghụghọ. Lzhedoktor ilebara metụtara nwoke potency. Ọ nyere ya ọrịa "ọgwụgwọ" nke ụba distilled mmiri. Mgbe John Brinkley ọzọ amamiihe echiche. Ikebịghike enye lzhedoktor kwenye na mmadụ nile na iji dozie nsogbu na potency ga-agbanwe kenwe nke a ewu. Mgbe afọ abụọ gachara, a ọhụrụ ahịa Mr. Brinkley malite iwebata ịrịba ego. Na a ọnwa, ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya nwere mụụrụ dịkarịa 50 arụmọrụ! Na 1923, ndị ihe ịga nke ọma na-azụ ahịa emewo wee ya redio, ebe ebili mmiri mara na ọgwụ Dr. Brinkley.

Na 30-ies. lzhedoktor nwere mezue a ọgwụ omume. Mr. Brinkley na ọtụtụ emetụtaghị okwu ikpe n'ihi ọnwụ nke mbụ ọrịa a na osụk. Na 1941, ndị a ma ama Nledo kwuru odida.

8th ebe. Ndị dara-artist

Ná mmalite nke XX narị afọ nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu, a ife nke ụlọ akụ wayo. The kasị ibu mmiri na mba nwere furu efu nnukwu ego. The nsogbu n'ihi na a ogologo oge nkịtị, dị ka nzukọ achọghị ida ntụkwasị obi nke ya investors millionaires. Mgbe e mesịrị ya tụgharịa na ndị a niile scams, robberies e rụrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke a ụfọdụ Michael Tsereteli. N'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Russia ọ maara n'okpuru aha dị iche iche: Prince of alụlụ, Eristavi, Andronikov.

Tsereteli kpọrọ-arụkọ ọrụ na kasị baa ọgaranya na alaeze, werekwa ha akwụkwọ ikike ngafe na ekwesịghị ha akụ ego. Na 1913, ndị fraudster ike ijide a nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ojoro na Germany. Ọ haziri a fundraising maka ewu na ntaghari ohuru nke nsoro, wee misappropriated a buru ibu.

Ebe ọzọ nke ọrụ Tsereteli bụ a ohi nke bara ọgaranya ladies na European ntụrụndụ. The nwa okorobịa ngwa ngwa ụlọ akwụkwọ ji agwụ n'ime obi, na mgbe ahụ na araba inyom nnukwu.

Na 1914, n'okpuru aha nke Prince Tumanov Tsereteli o biri Odessa. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị e jidere ya. Ọ tụgharịrị na ọ bụ nanị na 1914-1915 gg. aghọ aghụghọ ule cranked si ihe karịrị 10 isi scams! Otú o sina Tsereteli dịghị mgbe anya ngọpụ, o kwuru, sị: "Abụ m bụghị a omempụ, m - Artist '.

7th ebe. Enwetaghị Me Ọ bụrụ na Ị Pụrụ

Frenk Abigneyl maka 5 afọ mere ka a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu wayo. Nwoke a bịara n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke America dị ka nnukwu aghọ aghụghọ ule. Ke adianade do, dabere na ndụ nke amamihe wayo e filmed Stivena Spilberga "enwetaghị Me Ọ bụrụ na i nwere ike." Ya mere, gịnị bụ ihe a ma ama Frenk Abigneyl?

The oké ojoro nke Mr. Abagnale na-metụtara adịgboroja na-ewe nke ụlọ akụ akwụkwọ. Ha ekperima-eme Frank malitere mgbe ọ dị afọ 16, ghọgburu nna-ya. Afọ 21 nwa okorobịa "gbalịrị on" ọtụtụ Ọrụ. Ọ bụ a pediatrician, bụ prọfesọ nke nkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na ọbụna Attorney General nke Louisiana! Site atụmatụ aghụghọ nke Mr. Abagnale emetụta depositors nke bịara n'ikperé mmiri na 26 na mba Europe.

Na 21, a wayo e jidere ya. Ma 5 afọ mgbe e mesịrị ọ e wepụtara n'oge na ọnọdụ na mbụ fraudster ga-arụkọ ọrụ na FBI. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ihe karịrị afọ 40 Frenk Abigneyl gwara ndị Bureau nke Nchọpụta na aka n'inwe scams.

6 ebe. adịgboroja Rockefeller

Christopher Rokankurt A mụrụ a obere French obodo. Na afọ 20, ọ kwara ya mbụ mpụ - ohi Geneva akụ. Mgbe ahụ, na Mr. Rokankurt ekpe maka USA. First, Christopher bụ onye òtù nke ịtụkwasị obi nke ndị kasị baa ọgaranya inyom, ese dị ka nwa Sofi Loren ma ọ bụ nwa nwanne Dino De Laurentiis. N'oge na-adịghị Mr. Rokankurt mepụtakwara a ọhụrụ akụkọ. Ọ ghọrọ onye òtù nke American James Rockefeller onye oru banki ezinụlọ, ama nchoputa nke Standard Oil. Rich ndụ, uche gaa inyom onye helikọpta - niile a na-a eziokwu na nke mbụ ogbenye ahụ. Kristofer Rokfeller ngwa ngwa ẹkenam n'ime obi ike n'ime ndị kasị ama ndị mmadụ. Enyi ya malitere Jean-Klod Van Damme na Mikki Rurk. Ma ebube nke ụgha Rockefeller adịteghị. Ke 2000, Christopher Rokankurt e jidere ya. Mgbe ịgbapụta fraudster gara Hong Kong, ebe ọ nọgidere na ya ojoro. Na 2001, e jidere ya ọzọ na-ebo ebubo nke embezzling $ 40 nde.

5th ebe. MMM

5 nke ebe na ogo nke oké swindles ewe a ego pyramid MMM. Mavrodi Sergey na-ewere na nhazi nke nnukwu scams na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia. Ọdịdị e hiwere na 1989 na anọgidewo na-arụsi ọrụ ruo mgbe 1994. Ịhazi MMM, Mavrodi kpebiri ime ka a aha si mkpụrụedemede nke aha nke ya founders (Sergey Panteleevicha nke nwanne ya nwoke na Olga Melnikova). Ná mmalite nke ụlọ ọrụ na-aku na ire kọmputa. Ebe ọ bụ na 1992, nzukọ malitere na-emepụta ya mbak, nke na-ere ngwa ngwa. Mgbe ahụ Mavrodi chepụtara na-akpọ MMM tiketi. Price kwa tiketi bụ 1/100 mbak. Atugharị ha yiri Russian ruble, ma na etiti nke akwụkwọ bụ a Eserese nke Mavrodi. Na 1994, MMM, e nwere ihe karịrị 12 nde depositors. Na August 1994, controversial nchoputa nke ego pyramid, e jidere ya, na-eme nke MMM kwụsịrị. Dị ka dị iche iche data, Sergei Mavrodi nke wayo emetụta banyere 10 nde depositors.

Financial wayo - otu n'ime ndị isi nsogbu nke XX narị afọ. Sergey Mavrodi si Ọdịdị bụ nanị otu n'ime ole na ole ụlọ ọrụ site na nke ọtụtụ nde mmadụ ahụhụ. List of ego pyramid nke XX narị afọ ị pụrụ ịhụ n'okpuru.

The kasị ama pyramid atụmatụ

• Pyramid Dona Branca. Na 1970, a amaala nke Portugal, Donna Brank meghere ya akụ. Iji na-adọta depositors ọ kwere nkwa na ọnụego ya kwa ọnwa erughị 10% nke ọ bụla ahịa. Ọtụtụ puku ndị mmadụ si gafee mba nyere ha ego n'ụlọ akụ. Ma na 1984 Don Brank e jidere n'ihi wayo na nnukwu pyramid atụmatụ dara.
• Scheme Lu Perlmana. Akọ crook ma ama n'ihi na ọ na-ere ihe fọrọ nke nta 300 nde mbak nke na-abụghị existent na ụlọ ọrụ.
• "European Royal Club" - a ụlọ ọrụ kere Hans Shpahtholtsem na Damar Bertges. Dị ka a n'ihi nke wayo nzukọ ọtụtụ puku investors si mba dị iche iche furu efu banyere $ 1 mrld.

Pyramid atụmatụ XXI

Pyramid atụmatụ - bụghị naanị a nsogbu nke XX narị afọ. A dịgasị iche iche nke wayo atụmatụ anọgide na-emejuputa atumatu ruo ugbu a. Anyị na-ewetara anyị ndepụta nke ihe ndị kasị ama pyramid atụmatụ nke XXI narị afọ.

• "Ugboro abụọ ego" - atụmatụ mepụtara ke mbụ nkụzi si Pakistan, Syed Shah. Akpa, enye ama a amaghị na ya agbata obi, na-ekwe nkwa na ngwa ngwa okpukpu abụọ ha investments. N'oge na-adịghị, na pyramid ka toro gafee mba. N'ihi ya, Shah jisiri rigbuo depositors nke ihe karịrị $ 800 nde.
• Barnard Madoff pyramid - a nnukwu ojoro, haziri site na American na-azụ ahịa, a na-ewere otu n'ime ndị kasị ego igwu wayo na ihe mere eme. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ego ego Madoff ghọgburu ndị karịa 3 nde mmadụ. Mebiri ahụhụ site investors, na-eme atụmatụ na $ 65 ijeri.

4th ebe. Financial amamihe nke Charlz Pontsi

4th ebe anyị ogo nke "kasị oké ọchịchọ ojoro nke narị afọ" ego wayo ogide Charles Ponzi. Mr. Ponzi a na-ewere otu n'ime ndị kasị scams na US akụkọ ihe mere eme. Future ego wayo rutere obodo na 1903. Dị ka ihe kasị Ponzi, na n'akpa uwe ya, ọ bụ "$ 2 nde dollar na-enwe olileanya." Ke 1919, enye ama a enyi $ 200 na tọrọ ntọala ya ego pyramid SXC. Ponzi nyere ha depositors enwetakwa na ire na zuo nke ngwongwo na mba dị iche iche. Ke adianade do, scammer kwere nkwa ya ahịa a 50% laghachi na nkwụnye ego maka ọnwa 3. Ponzi atụmatụ malitere ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma. Otú ọ dị zie ezie plan osụhọ mgbe enyi nke Charles, ha nwekwara mgbe ahụ nyere ya ego, choro ọkara nke ego Ponzi. E a ogologo ikpe, n'oge nke "ego amamihe" e kwuru odida na mkpi n'ala nna ha. Charlz Pontsi akpa ke Rio de Janeiro, ebe e liri ya na ya ikpeazụ $ 75.

3rd ebe. Fraudster prodigy

3rd ebe na ogo nke "kasị oké ọchịchọ ojoro narị afọ" were Martin Fraenkel wayo. Nwoke a, tinyere Charles Ponzi, a wayo a na-ewere ndị kasị ibu US akụkọ ihe mere eme. Kemgbe ọ bụ nwata, Martin ekwutọ akara aka nke a nke ọma na-azụ ahịa. The nwata akwụkwọ na kọleji n'oge, na mgbe gara mahadum.

Mpụ ụzọ zie ezie fraudster malitere na 1986, tọrọ ntọala ego ike Creative Partners Fund LP. N'ihi ya, Martin Frenkel jisiri rigbuo ya investors banyere $ 1 nde. A afọ ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị conman tọrọ ntọala ọzọ ego ego na otú budata dịkwuo ha ụtụ.

A afọ ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị Frankel wee na a ọhụrụ ojoro, na malitere ịzụ ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị na dị iche iche na-ekwu.

Na 1998, zie ezie fraudster emewo wee abụọ nnọọ uru n'ihi na: na American nnochite anya na USSR na a maara nke ọma Catholic nchụàjà, Nna Jacob. Na enyemaka ha, ọ haziri a ọrụ ebere enweta ego na ihe nkwado nke American ụka, nke na, n'eziokwu, bụ ihe ọzọ na pyramid atụmatụ.

The eme nke Mr. Frenkel ahụ kwụsịrị naanị na 2001, mgbe e jidere ya, ikpe 200 afọ.

2nd ebe. 419 ojoro

2nd ebe anyị ogo bụ kasị ego wayo nke XX narị afọ. Na akụkọ, ọ bara dị ka "Nigerian leta" ma ọ bụ "419 ojoro". Ọ ga-kwuru na atụmatụ setịpụrụ n'okpuru, na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ a ụbọchị.

419 ojoro malitere na 80s. ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. N'oge a, a ìgwè nke omempụ guzobere Nigeria, nke malitere etinye ochie n'ịghọ aghụghọ ule na mfe ịghọgbu ụmụ amaala. N'oge na-adịghị a Usoro wayo agbasawo na Internet. Gịnị bụ ọdịdị zuru oke nke Nigerian akwụkwọ ozi?

Mail ndị si mba dị iche iche na-abịa akwụkwọ ozi si n'aka Nigeria ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ African mba. The sender usuu nnata na-enyere aka na multi-nde dollar arụmọrụ, na-ekwe nkwa ọkpụrụkpụ pasent. Dị ka a n'ozuzu-achị, ndị sender na-egosi na mbụ King, onye-nketa nke a bara ọgaranya ma ọ bụ na a onye oru banki. The akwụkwọ ozi e dere a arịrịọ maka enyemaka na translation nke a buru ibu ná mba ọzọ ma ọ bụ iji nweta ihe nketa. Ọ bụrụ na nnata ekweta aka sender, ọ ga-bụghị naanị na-anabataghị kwere nkwa ego, na nke na-atụfu ya.

1st ebe. Sale nke eiffel tower

Ya mere, 1st ebe anyị ogo bụ ihe kasị mbụ ojoro XX narị afọ. Ọ na-atụle ndị nhazi Victor Lustig. Nke a conman ridara na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka onye na-ere ihe eiffel tower.

Ná mmalite XX narị afọ, a na nwa afọ nke Czech Republic Victor Lustig biri na Paris. N'ebe a, o crank nke dị n'ụkwụ a ole na ole scams, na mgbe ahụ kwagara United States. Na 1925, Lustig laghachi Paris. E nwere, ke peeji nke a akwụkwọ akụkọ m na-agụ a ozi na-ekwu na eiffel tower na-fọrọ nke nta dara n'ime disrepair na mkpa nke ntaghari ohuru ma ọ bụ na demolition. Nke a na ozi bụ ihe ndabere maka a ọhụrụ zie ezie ojoro. Lustig, ese dị ka a French ozi, na-eziga ndị kasị baa ọgaranya tycoons na Europe telegram ịkpọ ha na-ekere òkè ná nkwurịta okwu ahụ nke n'ihu eke nke isi nnọchianya nke Paris. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-emesi ha obi ike dị mkpa ka ọ na-a ozi nzuzo. N'ihi ya, a $ 50 puku. Victor Lustig ere nri ka pụrụ nke na eiffel tower Andre Poisson. Soro obere oge e mesịa na French ọchịchị asịrị e hushed elu.

Lustig kwaga na US, ma afọ ole na ole gasịrị, ọ laghachiri na Paris na ọzọ na-ere ndị eiffel tower (a oge 75 puku. Dollars).