Ọrịa Alzheimer: akpata na ọgwụgwọ, nke kachasi mkpa, mbụ mgbaàmà, mmepe, foto nke ọrịa Alzheimer

Ọrịa Alzheimer - a ọrịa nke na-eduga ná ọnwụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ụbụrụ. Esonyere oké echiche na ọtọ ọrịa. Otu n'ime Central ụjọ usoro ọrịa, na usoro nke ndị ka na-ghọtara.

ụzọ nke nchoputa

The isi ngwá ọrụ maka nnyocha na mmepe nke mgbaka bụ neuroimaging. N'ihi nke a, CT, MRI, PITA ụbụrụ. Dọkịta na-enyocha ogo nke mbibi nke onye mbak, nakwa dị ka nyochasiri kwere omume na-akpata na concomitant ọrịa.

Iji Lee usoro na-enye ohere anyị na-edebe ụbụrụ ọrụ na ogo impairment nke icheta. Laboratory eneme ikwado ọrịa Alzheimer, na-egosi a dị ịrịba ama ọnụ ke α-β-42 na n'otu oge na-abawanye nke Tau protein.

Akpata ọrịa Alzheimer

Ihe kachasi mkpa nke ọrịa Alzheimer bụghị ma mara na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị site. Taa, e nwere a ole na ole chepụtara banyere akpata ntoputa na mmepe nke ọrịa, ma ọ dịghị nke ha nwere ma na-enweta mba ude. Na-eduga na ebe n'etiti ndị chọrọ research ewe a mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-akpata.

Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, ịmata ihe dị iche 3 iche iche nke ọrịa ize ndụ:

• nekorrigiruemye;
• ikpe correctable;
• correctable.

Ọrịa Alzheimer, na-akpata na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa a - niile nke ajụjụ ndị a na nekorrigiruemyh ihe bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju na ha na-edozilighị maka oge.

Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-akpata na mmepe

Butere n'aka daa ọrịa bụ ruo 10% niile kọrọ ikpe. Mmepe nke ọrịa Alzheimer na a mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa usoro amalite tupu afọ 65. Gene-ebute site ná na autosomal kasị ejiji: ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na nke abụọ nne na nna bụ a ụgbọelu, ebute site ná ha ike site n'usoro dochie enweghị nchịkwa. nwa nnyefe puru nke-emekarị ọkara nke ikpe.

N'agbanyeghị pụtara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-akpata, ọkà mmụta sayensị kwenyesiri ike na mmepe nke ọrịa na-eme ka dị iche iche nke chromosomes. Kasị nso nso, na N'ezie nke research site n'usoro nkwarụ chọpụtara site 14 chromosome, nke na 70% nke ikpe-eduga ná mmepe nke ọrịa.

Imebi chromosome 21 na-eme ka Down syndrome, na 5% nke ikpe-eduga n'oge mmalite nke ọrịa Alzheimer. The kasị obere daa ọrịa - mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwere ntụpọ na chromosome 1 - nwere a ala puru nke "ezinụlọ" nke ọrịa.

elu n'ihe ize ndụ na ihe

Nekorrigiruemye akpata bụ congenital ma ọ bụ enwetara anatomical ma ọ bụ n'ahụ abnormalities, nke ugbua na-apụghị rụziri ma ọ bụ gbanwere. A ihe na-agụnye:

• agadi (karịrị afọ 80);
• ịbụ nwanyị;
• cranial trauma;
• oké ịda mbà n'obi na nchegbu;
• enweghị "ọzụzụ" maka ọgụgụ isi.

Nwere obere ịgbanwe ihe mejupụtara a otu ọrịa na-eme ka nnukwu ma ọ bụ ala ala oxygen erughi na ọrịa ụbụrụ cortex mkpụrụ ndụ:

• ọbara mgbali;
• atherosclerosis nke arịa nke n'olu, isi, ụbụrụ;
• lipid metabolism;
• arịa ọrịa shuga;
• ọrịa obi na ọrịa.

Mkpochapu ọrịa ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa Alzheimer.
N'ihi correctable - kpamkpam tutu amama - ihe ndị nwere ike na-agụnye:

• belata emega ahụ;
• enweghị ọgụgụ isi mmepe, mmachi;
• ọdịda ime ndị bụ isi ndị nke ike lifestyles.

Pathologies adịghị 100% ekwe nkwa maka mmepe nke ọrịa, ma ọtụtụ mgbe ebu ya ụzọ, na-eduga ná nkwubi okwu banyere omume n'ihe ize ndụ ihe na mgbochi.

otito ogbo

Ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtala na ọrịa Alzheimer (isi mgbaàmà) na-egosi na 15-20 afọ, na oké-adakarị picture, nke ukwuu sikwuoro mgbochi nke ọrịa. Taa, ọ bụ nyere 3 enweghị nchịkwa usoro nzọụkwụ:

1. Nga-adakarị - daa ọrịa na nwa ọhụrụ, CNS ọrịa na-hụrụ.
2. Oge obere imebi - ọrịa nwere ike na-achọpụta a-agwụ ike nke ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi ikike na ebe nchekwa impairment.
3. The mbụ ogo mgbaka - n'ime gburugburu amalite na-achọpụta ihe bụ ihe ọjọọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ị nwere ike gosi na ọnụnọ nke ọrịa clinically.

Onye ọ bụla nke nkebi nwere ya e ji mara na-eru nso ka ndokwa nke ọgwụ.

Mmepe nke ọrịa na a na-eto eto

Early ọrịa Alzheimer na-amalite tupu afọ nke afọ 65, ọ bụ ike ịchọpụta na oge ruru ka nonspecific adakarị picture. The mbụ mgbaàmà na-egosi na ụdị nke forgetfulness, enweghi ike na-eme atụmatụ na-eme ihe ndị mfe tupu. Onye ọrịa ngwa ngwa akpa mba nke iche echiche ọrụ: na-ozi ke ebe nchekwa na-esiwanye ike.

Ọrịa Alzheimer: akpata na ọgwụgwọ na nzọụkwụ mbụ

The mbụ ogbo amalite n'ime 7 afọ. Mbụ mgbanwe ọrịa na-arịa-ebe n'okpuru nduzi nke dị iche iche ihe. N'ihe banyere ihe ike na-akpata ihe niile ndị agha zitere ya mkpochapu. Dị ka a na-achị, obodo ọgwụgwọ enye nti utịp.

Alzheimer ọrịa nwere ike mkpesa nke:

• ebe nchekwa nsogbu;
• ọdịdị forgetfulness;
• enweghị ike na-eche;
• -emetụta akparamàgwà mmadụ obi ọrịa.

Ikekwe Alzheimer ama anya ikwu. Mbụ mgbaàmà na-bụghị mgbe niile ozugbo na-egosi na ụbụrụ dysfunction, ma ọtụtụ ndị ka na-achọ enyemaka ahụ ike na oge ịmụta banyere nchoputa.

ebe nchekwa na-anaghị ekwe nwere a mkpụmkpụ-okwu na ogologo oge uwa, na-enwe ndidi ọ bụghị mgbe niile ike na-achọpụta na-arịa ọrịa. The kasị pernicious forgetfulness:-abụkarị ndị mmadụ na Alzheimer ekpe on gas ma ọ bụ ọkụ eletrik, nke na-eduga mere nke oké agwa. Ikekwe ọnwụ nke okwu nke na-abụghị obodo na ebe nchekwa na ụdị forgetfulness nke ihe mere n'oge gara aga. Ele Mmadụ Anya n'Ihu mweghachi echeta pụtara na mkpakọrịta. ebe nchekwa ọrịa na-enwe ọganihu ngwa ngwa: mgbe naanị 6 ọnwa, mgbaàmà ghọọ ndị ọzọ akpọ na ize ndụ n'ihi ọrịa na-ebi ndụ.

Loss nke ikike nke iche echiche na-adabere na larịị nke ọgụgụ isi na mmepe nke ọrịa. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ihe e ji mara mgbaàmà bụ a nkọ mgbanwe nke ọdịmma: ekiri TV kama na-agụ ike akwụkwọ na n'oge ndị ọzọ. Akwusila usoro ọmụma na nghọta nke ihere nhazi gburugburu ebe obibi, adịru ndidi na-efu na ohere na oge.

Mental nsogbu ndị dị ka Alzheimer akwọ ụgbọala odudu

Serious uche nsogbu nwere ike ime ka ọrịa Alzheimer. Na-akpata dị otú ahụ ihe mgbaàmà na ọgwụgwọ ụgha na ụbụrụ mebiri na n'ụzọ conduction nke akwara esi gboo. Ezughi oke acetylcholine njikọ eduga ná guzobe nke amyloid mbadamba nkume ndị e. Ogologo oge ịda mbà n'obi imetụta ịrụ ọrụ nke ụjọ usoro, na imegide ndị na ndabere nke na-adịghị ike ọrụ nke na-emepe emepe mgbaka.

Imebi nke obi ala-akpali ọrịa Alzheimer. The mbụ mgbaàmà nke a echiche-aghasa kwupụtara na a siri ike mkpu, na-eme obi ọjọọ na ndị na-enweghị isi omume, mkpesa nke na-erughị ala na fitful ụra. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ha nwere ọgụ nke nnukwu psychosis, ji a egwu egwu nke mkpagbu, melancholy. Akpasu a ala mgbanwe nke ọ bụla ọdịdị: si mmegharị nke ngwá ụlọ tupu akpụ akpụ na ụlọ ọzọ. Ná nke ọrịa na-esonyere a mgbanwe nke nchegbu na enweghị mmasị. Human ọgwụgwọ na oké ọrịa uche na-agụnye akpan akpan ojiji nke antidepressants na psychotropic ọgwụ ọjọọ.

Alzheimer Disease:-eme, ọgwụgwọ nke 2nd ogbo

Mmerụ ahụ dị na ebe nchekwa, e ji mara nanị maka ọrịa a anya na ndị ọzọ siri ike nke abụọ ogbo nke mmepe nke daa ọrịa. Onye ọrịa ike icheta ihe omume ụfọdụ, ọbụna mgbe associative na ndị ọzọ na aka ikwu. Mbụ niile, ndị ọrịa na-echefu ihe ahụ merenụ na-adịbeghị anya, mgbe anya gara aga na-anọgide na na ebe nchekwa.

Imebi nke na-adịghị adịte n'isi-eduga na-ekwesịghị ịdị nghazi oge. Mgbaka na-adịghị ike n'ụzọ ziri ezi tọọ oge nkeji nke otu ma ọ bụ ọzọ omume. N'okpuru agafeghị oke ọrịa development a hụrụ na-ejuputa na-adịghị adị na ebe nchekwa Ikike icheta nke nwere ike a fancy ọdịnaya.

Ná-eduga ná ngụkọta ọnwụ nke ihe ọmụma nke akpa, akpan akpan na-emepụta ịghọ okenye na-enwe a mgbagwoju Ọdịdị. Nọgidere na ndị nkà na e ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na nwata na-ugboro ugboro na N'ezie nke ndụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, ihe ọmụma nke nne ire, nkwurịta okwu n'ụzọ na ndị mmadụ na onwe-ọrụ.

A akụkụ pụrụ iche nke mgbaka na 2nd ogbo - ichebe obi na ebe nchekwa na-anọghị nke ahụ n'ezie. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọrịa adịghị echeta ma ha nwere ụmụ ma ọ bụ ụmụ ụmụ, ma na kọntaktị na ha na-akpata obi ụtọ, ọṅụ.

ọnwụ nke ọgụgụ isi

The kasị ihe na-akpata 2 nd ogbo - imebi nke ikike uche, nke n'ikpeazụ na-eduga ná ọnwụ nke onwe. Emepe emepe mgbaka nwere ike kere n'ime nwayọọ, agafeghị oke na oké.

Ediyarade nke nwayọọ mgbaka na-kwupụtara ọnwụ nke ike jikwaa ego: ọ gaghị ekwe omume jupụta na akaụntụ, gbakọọ ego ịkwụ ụgwọ. Nke nta nke nta efu ndị enwetara okwu, ọ na-aghọ ụkọ. A, ọrịa na a ogbo agbalị izere mmekọahụ. Nsogbu n'obi ezi moto nkà aka, n'ihi na aghara aghara akwụkwọ ozi. E nwere oké njọ okwu njehie, nke adịghị adị n'ihu.

Nwayọọ mgbaka ji a ọnwụ nke ịgụ na ide nkà, mgbe mgbe, na-enwe ndidi na-ekwu okwu na-aghọ unintelligible ruru forgetfulness nke okwu na ụdi eji a yiri-sounding. Man na-aghọ ihe na-enweghị enyemaka: enweghị ike onwe na-eji ejiji maka ihu igwe, ịchọta ụzọ ha n'ụlọ, na-echezọ agbanyụ stovu ma ọ bụ mmiri. Na 2 nd ogbo nke ọrịa Alzheimer na-agafeghị oke mgbaka ndidi ndị chọrọ mgbe niile aka na ọnụnọ nke ikwu.

oké mgbaka

The ikpeazụ ogbo nke ọrịa Alzheimer e ji zuru ndabere na ndị ọzọ. Onye ọrịa bụ enweghị ike ime ka ha onwe ha nri, na-aga ụlọ mposi, na-ebu mma usoro. Speech aghọ incoherent-apụghị ịghọta aghọta, nsogbu gait, na-eme ka o sie ike onwe-akpali.

Nke nta nke nta mgbari na ilo mpiaji. Ọnwụ emee ya ruru ka ogologo gwụrụ nke sepsis ma ọ bụ oké njọ nke ọrịa.

Mgbaka na ọrịa Parkinson

Ọrịa Parkinson na Alzheimer maka nkezi onye a yiri na-adakarị picture, ezi ihe nchoputa ike na ọkachamara. Ihe mgbaka nwere pụrụ iche atụmatụ. Ọrịa Alzheimer e ji a ajọ mmebi nke ebe nchekwa na ọgụgụ isi. Parkinsonism naanị ibelata okwu na echiche na-hụrụ. A ananu neurodegenerative ọrịa bụ arịa ọrịa uche dị iche iche na-ekwu. Ọrịa maka a ogologo oge na a ala nke ịda mbà n'obi na nnukwu psychosis.

The foto na-egosi na ọrịa Alzheimer (nọchiri n'elu) na Parkinson (foto n'okpuru) emetụta ụbụrụ dị iche iche degrees. The mbụ ọrịa amalite na temporal n'ọnụ ọnụ na hippocampus aa amyloid mbadamba nkume ndị e na-eduga ọnwụ nke akwara njikọ (ụbụrụ amalite "nkụ").

Ọrịa Parkinson disproportionately emetụta nweekwa usoro: ọkpụkpụ azụ na-kpudo ọzọ, onye ọrịa na-na-ala ala. Nchegbu banyere iso tremor, mmegharị ibu diskoordinirovannymi.

Ọgwụgwọ nke n'oge ogbo

Anyị enyocha n'ozuzu okwu, nke ahụ bụ ọrịa Alzheimer. Na-eme na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa a ugbu a ghọtara na sayensị. Dọkịta na-mgbe niile na-eme nnyocha iji chọta ihe irè ọgwụ, ma ọgwụ bụ ma a pụrụ iche set elu, ike imeri ọrịa.

Ọgwụgwọ maka a mgbagwoju esịnede:

• ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa uche;
• general ike nke aru dum;
• guzosie ike metabolism na ụbụrụ;
• ike ọbara arịa;
• general ọgwụgwọ nke Alzheimer.

Mkpa oge na-amalite na-ewere ọgwụ na-hụ ọma nlere niile ọgwụ na-atụ aro. Watch progression nke ọrịa dị mkpa na Ọnọdụ.

Maka ọgwụgwọ nke dịkwa nwayọọ na agafeghị oke mgbaka were dị otú ahụ preparations:

• "Piribedil" - mma nnyefe nke akwara esi gboo na dopaminergic neurotransmission na noradrenalinergicheskih CNS. Melite na ebe nchekwa na ikike uche.
• "Pentoxifylline," "Vinpocetine" - mma ọbara, gbochie kpụworo thrombi na ọrịa ụbụrụ arịa.
• Ginkgo biloba wepụ - akpali mmepụta nke neurotransmitters, na-echebe mkpụrụ ndụ ụbụrụ si toxins, mma ọbara ekesa.
• "Cinnarizine," "Nimodipine" - mụbaa ụbụrụ ọbara arịa, na-echebe mkpụrụ ndụ ndị na-emerụ mmetụta nke ngafe calcium.
• Pyrrolidone na-eji ya emepụta - mma oxygen ọkọnọ nke ụbụrụ na-eme ka normalisation nke protein nsụchi mkpụrụ ndụ ụbụrụ.
• "Aktovegin" "Cere" - eme ka mweghachi nke ọmụma yinye, na-akpali intracellular mgbanwe Filiks.

hormone ọgwụ

Ọkà mmụta sayensị kwetara na mbawanye nke ọrịa Alzheimer na-eme ka Mbelata ke acetylcholine njikọ. Ahaghị nhata n'etiti mmepụta na acetylcholine ọgụgụ akwara mbufe ozi acetylcholine, nke na-eme ka mgbochi nke neuronal ọrụ. Mkpụrụ ndụ na-wrinkled, synapse ohere na-bupụrụ, na akwara ozi anwụ. Oghere 100% nke ikpe nke ọrịa Alzheimer na-akwado. Photo nke ike ma na-arịa ọrịa ụbụrụ mmadụ ekwe ka anyị na-ahụ daa ọrịa nke ọbụna onye nkịtị.

Belata weghachi acetylcholine njikọ na-enye ohere na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti akwara ozi na-akwụsịlata Filiks nke guzobere amyloid mbadamba nkume ndị e. Clinical ọnwụnwa gosiri na nrụpụta ọrụ nke cholinesterase inhibitors. Na ọrịa na a ọnụ nke mgbaka, na ebe nchekwa na-weghachiri eweghachi, na-alọghachi onwe onye na-eje ozi na nkà na nghazi ohere na oge.

Taa n'ebe nile 3 Drugs na inhibit cholinesterase:

• "Aritsept" ( "donepezil" "Aricept") - nwere a Central mmetụta, etinyere na 5,10 mg kwa ụbọchị.
• 'Reminyl' (galantamine hydrobromide) - nwere a n'ozuzu mmetụta, ihe fọrọ na-abụghị na-egbu egbu, mma na-elekwasị anya. Tee 8-12 mg kwa ụbọchị.
• "Exelon" ( "rivastigmine") - nwere a Central mmetụta, irè karịa ndị ọzọ ọgwụ ọjọọ na ngwa ngwa na-enwe ọganihu iche nke ọrịa Alzheimer. Dị n'ụdị nke mbadamba, plaster, ngwa agha. Malite dose - 3 mg kwa ụbọchị.

The ojiji nke cholinesterase inhibitors ọgwụ enye ihe dị otu results, ma onye ọ bụla ndidi mkpatụ dị iche iche na hormone ọgwụ. Ọ bụrụ na otu n'ime ọgwụ ke dabara, dọkịta na-anọchi nke analogue-ya nile. Na-ekpe ikpe na ya pụta nke ọgwụgwọ bụ omume nanị mgbe a ọnwa atọ N'ezie na kacha onunu ogwu.

Isi contraindications bụ ọrịa nke eriri afọ tract, obi na urinary tract. Ngwa nke bronchial ụkwara ume ọkụ na Akwụkwụ na-adọ na-adịghị atụ aro.

Ọgwụgwọ nke oké mgbaka

Emenụ mgbanwe na ụbụrụ na-akpata ọrịa Alzheimer. Na-akpata ọrịa - ihe nke mgbe niile na-emekpa-eme nnyocha. Ikpeazụ ogbo nke ọrịa bụ omume na-eji nanị otu ọgwụ mma site n'ụwa nke na nkà mmụta ọgwụ - "Memantine". Degenerative Filiks ke akwara ozi na-adịghị achịkwa onye naanị cholinesterase, ọnọdụ na-aghọ ihe mgbagwoju anya. ụbụrụ astrocytes, na-amalite na-emepụta ihe nsí - glutamate, nke na-egbu akwara ozi na astrocytes onwe ha.

"Memantine" achịkwakwa mgbanwe nke glutamate, nke na-egbochi ala nke igbu egbu nke ụbụrụ. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara na-eme iji "Memantine" ọnụ na cholinesterase inhibitors, bụ nke na-enye nti utịp.

The ọgwụ na-ọma-aghọta site ahụ, ọ nwere ole na ole contraindications (Akwụkwụ na-adọ na mkpọchị gbasara akụrụ ọrụ). US na EU mba ide "Memantine" maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa Alzheimer maka 10 afọ.

symptomatic ọgwụ

Ọgwụgwọ na-dabere na ojiji nke nhọrọ serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( "Fluoxetine", "citalopram") na nọrepinefrini. Na mgbakwunye na nti mmetụta na psyche ọgwụ ọjọọ aka iwepu ihe ịrịba ama nke dịkwa nwayọọ mgbaka. Iji typical antidepressants nwere ike na-eduga mmepe nke ọrịa Alzheimer, ntre ke oké ịda mbà n'obi nye iwu tricyclic antidepressants.

Mgbe e ji neuroleptics psychotic ọrịa. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-iburu n'uche na ha na-eme okwu nke mgbaka. Jiri ha naanị na oké njọ, ndị dọkịta idepụta ọgwụ naanị nwayọọ mmetụta.