Ọzọ ume na isi mmalite na Belarus. Mmanụ-ike ego Belarus

The nsogbu nke ibu nke ike mpe bụ taa na larịị nke nsogbu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe, na, dị ka ị maara, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ mmadụ - bụ akụkọ nke na-alụ maka ume ego. Ọ bụ otú ahụ na XXI narị afọ (atụ, ndị agha na Middle East mmanụ). Ma, e nwere ezigbo ụzọ dozie nsogbu nke na-eto eto ụkọ nke ike ego - ọzọ ume na isi mmalite. Na Belarus, nke a nke bụ nnọọ Nde na-arụ ọrụ site na ọchịchị obodo.

Renewable ike na Belarus

Ala nke United Nations (UN) na-akọwa okwu bụ "ogbara ohuru" na ya na isi mmalite. N'ihi na ogbara ohuru na isi mmalite ekewet anyanwụ, ikuku pụta, mmiri, ikpo Ụwa n'ime ime, biomass, osisi, peat.

Ebe ọ bụ na Belarus nyere na ya ot ike dịkarịa ala 20%, nke N'ezie, e nwere mkpa maka ndị dị otú ahụ na isi mmalite, n'ụzọ ụfọdụ chefuo maka enweghị anụ ụlọ ume ego.

Ka ọ dịgodị, na nke ogbara ohuru na isi mmalite (nchapụta) bụghị naanị mba na ike nsogbu. Ka ihe atụ, mba ndị dị ka Germany, Sweden, France (ihe karịrị iri abụọ na mba), kere International Solar Energy Society.

Ndị ọkachamara na-ekwu na site 2040 ụwa ike mmepụta si na-abụghị ot ogbara ohuru na isi mmalite ga na akaụntụ maka 82 percent nke oriri ike na ụwa. Global-emekarị mee ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị na-abụghị omenala (ọzọ) na isi mmalite nke ike na Belarus nwekwara e mepụtara.

Studies gosiri na kacha adabara anyanwụ ike na mba, dị ka ihe karịrị ọkara nke afọ, nwere obere urukpuru weather a hụrụ na ya, na ọ bụ naanị otu narị ụbọchị na iri ise (na nkezi) - keiwuba. Ọtụtụ-enye ìhè arụmọrụ hụrụ na oge site na April na September.

Alternative na isi mmalite nke ike - nke a ...

N'okpuru ndị a kọwara dị ka isi mmalite nke na-abụghị-emetọ, dị ka ọ na ihe a maara nke ọma na-ewu ewu taa ume: mmanụ, coal, mmanụ nuklia.

Mbụ niile, anyanwụ, ifufe. The anyanwụ - kasị pụrụ ịdabere na eco-enyi na enyi isi iyi nke ike, n'ihi na anyị na kpakpando na-ka nwere ọtụtụ nde afọ. Ya ike pụrụ ịnọ ngwaọrụ akpọ anyanwụ ogwe.

Wind dị ka onye ike isi iyi a na-eji nnọọ n'ọtụtụ ebe, ya mere, ọ bụ uru dị ukwuu. Wind ike ekesa tumadi na mba na oge gboo mmachi ike ego na-akpọ maka a Cleaner gburugburu ebe obibi. Mba ndị a na-agụnye Belarus.

The dị oké mkpa ọrụ na-egwuri site nnukwu mee nke osisi na mba, na-eri nke nke bụ ugboro anọ na-erughị mbupụ nke hydrocarbons.

Belarus na ya mmanụ ụgbọala na ume mgbagwoju

Energy of Belarus (FEC) bụ na nri ibu nke ya ike ego. Na nke a, ndị ọchịchị rụrụ ike nche-kwa iwu, dị ka e kwupụtara na mmepe nke ma obodo ike na ọzọ ume.

Energy regulator bụ Ministry of Energy of Belarus. (Kere na njedebe nke 2002) na ọ bụ a na-eto eto management ahu na mba. N'oge a, na iche na ala omume iji na rụọ arụmọrụ nke mba ike mpaghara emeela na emejuputa atumatu.

Ka Energy Minister nke Belarus Vladimir Potupchik kwuru na 2014 na Republic kwa afọ ịzọpụta karịa $ 200 nde n'ihi na Mbelata mmanụ ụgbọala oriri nke ume, na-aza ajụjụ maka banyere 70% na ume-akwụ ụgwọ.

Na obere okwu, ndị Ministry of Energy of Belarus ezube mee mkpa ozi - e kere eke nke dị nnọọ ọhụrụ kpuchie maka mmepe nke manu na ume mgbagwoju, oru oma na environmentally-anara nke ụwa nke oge a. Atụmatụ ndị na-dere na "Iwu maka ike iwu nke Republic of Belarus maka oge ruo 2020".

Karịsịa, akwụkwọ envisages ndị na-esonụ ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke mmanụ ụgbọala na ume mgbagwoju:

• ike ike nche-kwa;
• gburugburu ebe obibi enyi;
• ike nnyocha na ọzọ ume na isi mmalite na mmejuputa iwu nke ya pụta;
• mmepe nke obere ike;

ike RB

Mmanụ ụgbọala na ume onwunwe na Belarus abụghị a dị iche iche: ha na-agụnye peat (mmanụ), mmanụ na gas (metụtara), osisi na ndị ọzọ hụrụ ihe karịrị itoolu na puku peat ego na Republic .. Ugbu a ọ na-eji nanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke pụtara mee nke manu.

Eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọdụm òkè nke ego nke peat bụ na ebe n'okpuru agriculture ma ọ bụ gburugburu ebe obibi-echebe, na-eme iji nke ego na emeghieme.

Ego na nke mmanụ na metụtara gas dị na Pripyat trough. Fields e chọpụtara na 1956. Mmịpụta nke ndị a na ego a na nchegbu "Belneftekhim". Otú ọ dị, dị ka ndị ọkachamara, ndị a na ubi ga-ezu naanị maka 30-35 afọ. Otú ọ dị, ihe na atụmanya nke mmanụ na gas mmepụta ke Orsha na Brest Ikuku, ma ọ bụ zuru ezu n'ime ime obodo.

Àkù ọhịa na-enye ohere Belarus eduzi centralized nkụ na n'efu osisi. Ma mpịakọta nke ndị a na ego na-nnọọ nta nke na ume chọrọ nke Republic nyere ihe na-erughị 15%. Ndị fọdụrụ mee site dị ike, nke na-eme na Belarusian aku na uba bụ nnọọ ngwangwa. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ na ọ na-amanye bụghị naanị ime na ike na-azọpụta mode, ma ike ịchọ ekwe omume ọzọ ume na isi mmalite.

ọzọ ume

Ọzọ ume apụtawo ìhè n'ihu ọtụtụ mbụ karịa banyere ya amanye ígwè n'ebe nile na-ekwu okwu. People, tinyere Belarusians, iji anyanwụ ike, mmiri ike, ifufe maka ume ha-kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ mkpa nke karịa narị afọ abụọ gara aga. Ma mgbe ahụ, ndị a na-adịghị-atụle ga-ihe pụrụ iche. Humanity biri na zuru okè kwekọrọ ọdịdị, na-enweghị na-enye nsogbu ya itule. The ojiji nke coal bụ ka eke dị ka ifufe ike, mmiri maka mills, sawmills n'ihi na ọnwụ osisi, na-azọcha kụrụ n'ubi na ọbụna n'ihi na mmepụta nke textiles.

Belarus ọbụna e ulo oru na mmepụta nke "ákwà ifufe" na "vodyakov", nke nwere ike ịbụ ma anyịnya na mobile. Ha mkpa a pụrụ iche dam, na adịghị emerụ okike. A "ifufe turbines" nwere ike enịm n'ebe ọ bụla, ma e nwere a ikuku. Ndị dị otú ahụ ume na isi mmalite, ọbụna ndị bụ "mbupụ" nke Belarus, nke na-eji ọkụ ndị Russia na Ukraine.

Modern Belarus nke ọzọ ume na isi mmalite nwere naanị a iri na abuo obere hydroelectric ike ụgbọ (GES). Belarusian ọkà mmụta sayensị-aka na ndị Soviet Union ugboro ifufe ike osisi (ifufe turbines), ya mere, ihe ọ bụla asọmpi na kere. Àmà nke na nwere ike ije ozi dị ka a "Vetromash" Zaslavl ebe ifufe turbines na-egosi, dị ka nke dị n'ebe ọdịda development ọkara otu narị afọ gara aga, ọ dịwo ochie.

Ka ọ dịgodị, ọzọ ume doro mgbochi ụfọdụ ndị ọchịchị: na August 19, 2015 site na Iwu nke President of Belarus kwuru oke systems na ọzọ ume na isi mmalite. Mmachibido metụtara ndị ngụkọta electric ike osisi nke dị n'ókèala Belarus. The norms etinye ndị niile chọrọ na-arụ ọzọ ume, gụnyere ndị mba ọzọ ụlọ ọrụ.

Belarusian ume mmiri

Ịgbanwe ọnọdụ na mmanụ ụgbọala na ume mgbagwoju nke Belarus (elu na-eri nke mmanu ndi mere onwe fuels, imebi gburugburu ebe obibi, na-amanye ndị obodo na-na ụfọdụ eme iji belata emerụ umu anwuru, na ndị ọzọ.) Rụpụtara na a mkpa ka o degharịa echiche nke ụlọ ọrụ akụrụngwa nke ume itule nke mba. Otu n'ime ebe ndị a bụ hydropower. Na Belarus, dị ka ị maara, bụ Dnipro River, Western Dvina na Neman. Ha na-asọ site na ndagwurugwu, ma n'ebe ụfọdụ gbara ya gburugburu elu akụ na nwere mbata. All a na-esonyere ndị na-ewu hydroelectric ike osisi, nke na dị taa ụkọ mmanụ, coal, gas na-enye ihe dị mkpa ohere iji belata ya. Alternative ike bịara pụta ìhè na ume oru nke Belarus.

Dabere na nke a, ndị Cabinet nke Ozi nke Belarus mma steeti omume maka owuwu nke hydroelectric ike osisi. Dị ka akwụkwọ a, e mere atụmatụ iwuru a hydroelectric ike ojii na Neman (n'elu na n'okpuru obodo Grodno), Western Dvina (Verkhnedvinsk, Beshenkovichi, Vitebsk na Polotsk).

Dnepr bụ slowest nke osimiri ahụ, e weere maka owuwu nke hydroelectric ike osisi ke akpatre n'aka. Site 2020, atụmatụ na-ewu nke anọ ala-na-ike hydroelectric ike ụgbọ, gụnyere Orsha, Shklov, Mogilev na Rechitsa.

undeservedly echefu

The Republic of Belarus na-ewe ebe a ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị iri abụọ na puku obere osimiri, na ogologo nke nke bụ 90 puku. Km. Na nke a nnukwu hydropower nwere na-eji nanị 3%.

A akụ malitere ina-eji na 50s. obere hydroelectric ike ụgbọ e wuru na mba. The mbụ e wuru na 1954 Osipovichi hydroelectric ike ojii na osimiri Svisloch. Ya ike bụ naanị 2,25 MW. Site n'ụzọ, ọ bụ ka a pụrụ isi kwuo taa.

Otú ọ dị, maka 60 nke afọ nke obere hydropower arahụ n'akuku uzọ ruru ka ntoputa nke steeti ike na usoro. Rural n'ji e zigara ọhụrụ dị ike usoro, na mkpa maka obere hydropower osisi okụrede site n'onwe ya.

Na nke a, ọtụtụ ndị rụrụ obere hydropower osisi na-anọghịzi n'ọrụ, dị ka ndị na-eri bụ kwa elu akpọkwa. N'ihi ya, site na njedebe nke 80s na Belarus na e nwere nanị isii hydroelectric ike ebe, nke na-emepụta n'afọ nanị ihe karịrị 18 nde kW.

Ma mgbe e mesịrị ndụ tụgharịa ume site obere hydropower (SHP). Na nke a, ndị a ọzọ ume na isi mmalite na Belarus gosipụtara na o kwere omume inweta, eweghachiri mbụ anọghịzi n'ọrụ, nakwa site na-ewu nke ọhụrụ SHPP. Ọ dịghị achọ ka idei mmiri nke ala oru ubi.

Ọ dịkwa ike iji ndị ọzọ mmiri ọdọ, ọ bụghị ike, nzube, nke dị na obere osimiri. Ebe a na ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị ka ndị na-ewu obere HPPs na ike nke 6000 kW, mgbe ya nloghachi na ego bụ ise na afọ isii.

Representatives nke "green" gosi enweghị ọ bụla ibu na akụkụ nke obere HPPs na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Belarusian ọchịchị zubere site 2020 ka okpukpu abụọ nke ngụkọta ikike hydroelectric ike osisi. Nke a, a na-mmasị na-ewu obere hydropower osisi na mba na-egosi na mba ọzọ investors, onye na 78,4% maka owuwu nke obere ike mmefu.

Wind-aga n'ihu na-eje ozi nwoke

Wind ike na Belarus na-eme ka ihe ngwọta nke ọtụtụ nsogbu nke ike ọkọnọ nke obere akpọkwa ke uko oghere. Ya mere ajụjụ nke ojiji nke ike nke ikuku pụta anọgide mkpa maka mmanụ ụgbọala na ume mgbagwoju nke Republic.

Na-adịbeghị anya, na mba-e kpugheere banyere 1840 ebe ka ifufe tobaim ma ọ bụ ifufe ugbo nrụnye. Nke a bụ tumadi ugwu nta ruo 80 mita, on top of nke ifufe ọsọ esịmde ise ma ọ bụ karịa mita kwa nke abụọ.

Ka ụbọchị, ndị a na usoro na-dị na Minsk, Grodno, Mogilev na Vitebsk mpaghara. Ike kacha ike ifufe tobaim (1.5 MW) Grabniki na-eje ozi bi na nke obodo nta (nke Hrodna region). Novogrudok district center n'otu ebe na-enye ọkụ eletrik milikuku, ekesịpde site na ala (naanị otu ụdị). Iji ọ na-zubere iji wụnye ọzọ ise ifufe turbines.

The dum park na-zubere ka kwem ifufe turbines na Luzhische, Oshmiany district obodo. Construction bụ rụrụ na-efu nke investors na ga-anọgide ruo mgbe 2020.

eco ụlọ

Nke a echiche nke ndi mmadu na-agụnye ihe owuwu, ike ọkọnọ nke a rụrụ na na-efu nke ọzọ ume na isi mmalite.

Alternative ike maka a home nwere ike enwetara site na eruba n'ime ìhè anyanwụ, ifufe, dị ka a n'ihi nke Micro hydro na biomass na-emepụta gas bara uru.

The ojiji nke anyanwụ ike bụ nke otu mmasị maka ihe e kere eke nke environmentally friendly home, Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ na-eme ka oké njọ mmegharị na atụmatụ maka a onwunwe nwe. Mbụ niile, ọ na-efu: anyanwụ anakọta, echichi, management na mmezi ga-eri a ọkpụrụkpụ nchikota (anyanwụ batrị 3 kW maka nkezi home ga-eri 15 puku euro).

Ma ụfọdụ mmasị bụ ụlọ wuru site usoro a na-akpọ "anyanwụ ije". Ya kachasi mkpa idu ke eziokwu na ulo ga nwere a n'elu ụlọ nke ebe ndịda nke nke - dịkarịa ala 100 m ^2. Na nke a, n'ụlọ ahụ ga-abụ na ohere nke isi obodo nke Belarus. Nke a bụ nnọọ ezu ọbụna maka ohere kpo oku na oyi.

Otú ọ dị, ndị dị otú ahụ iji anyanwụ ike adịghị hụrụ ezu ntị na Belarus. N'oge a, na ụkpụrụ a, naanị otu ụlọ a na-wuru - nke German International Education Center. Ka ọ dịgodị, na-ewu nke ndị dị otú ahụ ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike belata okpomọkụ oriri 80 kWh / m ² kwa afọ.

The ojiji nke ifufe turbines enye n'ụlọ otu ohere nke inwe ọnọdụ nke eco-enyi na enyi. Ma anyị ga-echefu na na Belarus na nkezi ifufe ọsọ abụghị ihe karịrị 5 m / s, na n'ihi na nkịtị ọrụ nke oge a na usoro na-achọ ndị na-agba na 10 m / s. Ya mere, dị ka ndị ọkachamara, ifufe tobaim arụnyere na mba, ga kwụọ ụgwọ nanị mgbe iri afọ anọ.

Otú ọ dị, ihe niile a na-emetụta ọkụ eletrik, ma ndị ogbara ohuru nke anyanwụ nwere ike ga-eji na a onwe home n'ụdị anyanwụ mmiri heaters. The usoro dị irè, ọ na-adịghị adabere na ihu igwe na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe. Ọ nwere ike na-eji ọbụna ikpe ikpo ụlọ. Na n'elu nke ọ na-erepịakwa ihe na-erughị 45 watts na-efu 3.8 puku. Euro (gụnyere echichi). Ya laghachi na ulo oru mbo bụghị ihe karịrị afọ anọ.

ọgwụgwụ

N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọzọ ume na isi mmalite na Belarus (na ọ bụghị naanị na e) taa na-abịanụ ga-enwe ike iji dochie n'ụzọ zuru ezu na omenala ike isi mmalite.

Anyanwụ ike bụghị ike na-ndị dị otú ahụ a isi iyi na ihe ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ maka a dị mfe mere - ala njupụta nke anyanwụ ike agbanwe agbanwe oge. O bu na Belarus nwere naanị a atọ nke afọ bụ anwụ na-acha, mgbawa na-egosi na ihe karịrị 30% nke mba e kwesịrị a anyanwụ ike osisi izute ya ọkụ eletrik ina. Ma ọbụna n'okpuru ọnọdụ a ga-agaghị echefu echefu na ndị a mgbawa e mere ewere n'ime akaụntụ arụmọrụ nke ụgbọ bụ 100%. N'ezie, taa, a na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-anọchi na iri na iri na iri na ise pasent.

Ọ na-enyo na n'ezie, n'okpuru anyanwụ ike osisi ga-achọ dum nke ebe ókèala nke Belarus na ya agbata obi na-ekwu. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, na-ewu na ime ihe nke geliostantsy achọ nnukwu-akwụ ụgwọ.

A ọnọdụ yiri na ojiji nke ifufe ike, osimiri, geothermal isi mmalite.