S-125 "Neva": imewe, arụmọrụ e ji mara, mgbanwe

S-125 "Neva" --emegide ugbo elu agha usoro (ADMS), mkpụmkpụ-nso, arụpụtara na USSR. The mbupụ version nke mgbagwoju na-akpọ "Pechora". Na nhazi ọkwa nke NATO, ọ na-akpọ SA-3 Goa. Na ogwe aka nke USSR mgbagwoju e kuchiri na 1961. Isi Mmepụta nke Sam mere NPO "Almaz" aha ya Raspletina. Taa, anyị ga-ele anya na nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Sam "Neva" na ya nkọwa.

akụkọ

Air agbachitere agha usoro bụ akụkụ nke agbachitere USSR, e bukwa n'obi maka nchedo nke ulo oru na agha akụrụngwa si mmetụta nke ụdị ọ bụla nke n'aka nke ikuku agha, na-efe efe na-ajụ na ala karị. Ọ pụrụ imetụta bombu, alụso, multipurpose ụgbọelu na nrughari agba na chụsasịrị arụmọrụ nke karịa 0,2 m ^2.

Development malitere na Sam NGO "Diamond" ke 1956 omume e kere eke nke ugbo elu, n'ụzọ dị irè na-arụ ọrụ na ala karị. The oru ọrụ nke emebe a mgbagwoju echiche ekwe omume neutralize zaa efe na a elu nke 0,2 5 km, na a nso si 6 10 kilomita na a ọsọ nke 1500 km / h. Na mbu set nke ule m na-arụ ọrụ na a rọketi 5V24. Nke a tandem owụt insufficiently irè, otú ahụ ka ọrụ a na-mere ihe ọzọ chọrọ - ịgbanwe ya ndị ọhụrụ agha 5V27, n'otu na oké osimiri "ife nke mgbagwoju. Nke a ngwọta n'ụzọ mma arụmọrụ e ji mara (arụmọrụ e ji mara) nke usoro. Na 1961, mgbagwoju malitere, n'okpuru designation S-125 "Neva".

N'ọdịnihu, ozugbo usoro bụghị e gbanwetụrụ. Òtù ya gụnyere ngwá obibi nnyonye GSHM, n'anya zaa ndọpụ uche PRR, njirimara, ụda akara, nakwa dị ka echichi nke mpụga na-egosi SRP. N'ihi oganihu imewe, Sam ike neutralize zaa ndị na-na a anya ruo 17 kilomita.

Na 1964, a modernized version of Sam e kuchiri n'okpuru aha nke S-125 "Neva-M". The mbupụ version nke nwụnye na-akpọ "Pechora". Ebe ọ bụ na 1969 malitere ezitekwara mgbagwoju na Warsaw Treaty mba. Dị nnọọ a afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na-enye S-125 malitere na mba ndị ọzọ, dị ka Afghanistan, Angola, Algeria, Hungary, Bulgaria, India, Korea, Cuba, Yugoslavia, Ethiopia, Peru, Syria, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. N'otu 1964 na ogwe aka e kuchiri 5V27 agha mepere ICD "ọwa.

Na 1980, a abụọ na ikpeazụ iji ime nke ugbua mgbagwoju. Dị ka akụkụ nke modernization nke ndị na-emepụta nyere:

1. Ịsụgharị agba nduzi ojii na ihe elemental digital database.
2. Mejuputa decoupling agha na iche ọwa site anamde ibọ abụọ akara ụgbọ. Nke a mere ka o kwe ka iwelie kacha nso nke meriri Tammy 42 kilomita, site na iji usoro nke "zuru preemption."
3. Mejuputa ọwa homing agba.

N'ihi nchegbu na idegharị "Neva" gbochie mmepụta nke ọhụrụ S-300P kọwara amụma a jụrụ. Ugbu a, a version nke mgbagwoju, nke mere e C-125-2, ma ọ bụ "Pechora-2".

Ọdịdị

The usoro mejupụtara ntụ ozize agha usoro, na n'elu-to-ikuku agha technical designation pụtara.

Sam na-agụnye ndị dị otú ahụ mmadụ:

1. Rada (RLS) SNR125M maka iche nsuso na nduzi nke akụ ụta na ya. Rada dị na abụọ trailers. Otu bụ UNK ulo management na ndị ọzọ na - na poolu post. SNR125M-arụ ọrụ na Rada na telivishọn ọwa support, na ntuziaka ma ọ bụ akpaka ụdịdị. The ebe a kwadebere n'ụzọ na akpaka amalite ngwaọrụ APP-125, nke na-akọwa na ókè nke emetụtara ebe nke agba, nakwa dị ka ndị na-achịkọta ndị rọketi na nzube nke nzukọ ahụ. Ke adianade do, ọ na-ekpebi na-amalite ọrụ.
2. Agha batrị, nke bụ anọ launchers 5P73 ụdị, ọ bụla nke na-onwem na 4 agba.
3. Energy tụkwasị usoro esịnede a dizel-electric ụgbọ nke nkesa na ụlọ.

nduzi

The mgbagwoju nke abụọ-ọwa na-alụbeghị di-ọwa agha na lekwasịrị. The iro ihe nwere ike buru n'elu dị nnọọ abụọ agba. Ọzọkwa, na SAMs nwere ike ejikwara radars maka nchọpụta na ezubere iche, nlereanya P-12 ma ọ bụ P-15. Mgbagwoju ego na-enịm ke ọkara trailers na trailers, na na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha bụ via Gịnị.

The ngwọta nke nsogbu a, dị ka ihe e kere eke nke a na ala-elu agha usoro, achọrọ site na-emepụta nke ọhụrụ ngwọta. Nke a bụ ihe mere a pụrụ iche ọdịdị nke poolu echichi.

Kụrụ a lekwasịrị, nke dị na a anya nke 10 km na ijiji na a ọsọ nke 420 m / s, na a elu nke 200 m, ọ dị mkpa ka malite a agha na oge mgbe lekwasịrị emi odude nsannsan 17 km. A kpọọ na nsuso nke zaa na-amalite mgbe niile na a anya nke 24 km. Na nke a, nchọpụta nso nke ndị dị otú ahụ a ala elu zaa kwesịrị si 32 35 km na-ele oge a chọrọ maka dopoisk. Ke idaha emi, n'akuku nke lekwasịrị ohere n'oge nchọpụta bụ naanị 0,3 Celsius, na-ewere na autofollow - banyere 0,5 Celsius. N'oge ndị dị otú obere akụkụ ndị gosipụtara Rada mgbaàmà si n'ala nduzi ebe karịa ndị mgbaàmà gosipụtara si lekwasịrị. Iji belata a mmetụta, C-125 ịrụnye ya abụọ na poolu na usoro. The mbụ n'ime ha - na-adịghị scanned, ọ bụ maka inweta na mgbasa. Na nke abụọ - Iṅomi - rụrụ naanị n'ikuku.

Mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na ala karị ebunye poolu set na 1 Celsius. The transmitter otú irradiates elu nke ụwa naanị n'akụkụ lobes nke poolu esereese. Nke a na-ebelata ihe mgbaàmà gosipụtara site n'ụwa ọtụtụ ugboro. Iji belata lekwasịrị nsuso njehie metụtara na omume nke "specular echiche" (na-anọchi anya na nnyonye anya n'etiti kpọmkwem na multipath n'ókè site n'ala iche), abụọ na-enweta antennas na ụgbọ elu na-agba gburugburu 45 Celsius na kwụ. N'ihi nke a na poolu post Sam na-enweta ya e ji mara n'ile anya.

Nsogbu ọzọ metụtara na ala elu na-efe efe iro iche, - na-ewu nke MTI (na-akpụ akpụ iche egosi), nke nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè na-anọrọ iche ihe mgbaàmà, n'etiti ndị dị ike reflections si n'ala na-egosi na ụdị ihe ọ bụla nke tụkọtara. Iji a ọ e kere cherezperiodnoe ịgụgharị site a ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ihe siri ike UDL (ultrasonic oge edoghi).

Kwa kpọmkwem MTI n'ụzọ gafere na kwa nke niile tupu ẹdude Rada-arụ ọrụ na pulsed radieshon. Suppression nke mkpọtụ ịda site n'ezinụlọ akpọkwa esịmde 33-36 dB. Iji nụ ugboro ugboro oge nke probing pulses, na synchronizer adapts ka oge akara. Mgbe e mesịrị ya tụgharịa na mkpebi a bụ otu n'ime ihe ọghọm nke ebe, dị ka ọ na-eme ka ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-agbanwe ugboro ugboro ugboro na-akụ n'ebe na-akwadoghị akwado mkpọtụ. N'ibelata jamming usoro awụlikwa elu transmitter ugboro e nyere, nke pụtara na ihe omume na nnyonye anya karịa a gaghị agara larịị.

agha ngwaọrụ

N'elu-to-ikuku agha (Sam) 5V27 mepụtara ICD "ọwa", bụ a abụọ-nzọụkwụ na wuru na aerodynamic nhazi "ọbọgwụ". Akpa ogbo nke rọketi mejupụtara a siri ike roket booster; anọ stabilizers dobe mgbe mmalite; na a ụzọ airfoils mere ndokwa na ejikọta ogige na mkpa maka mbenata ụgbọ elu ọsọ mgbe ome osooso nkebi ngalaba. Ozugbo ụkwụ ndị a na-ebupụta na-mepụtara, nke gụnyere arọ adiana, ọdịiche kwụsie consoles na n'ikpeazụ braking ome osooso na ya ụdi agazi ọdịda.

Agba nke abụọ nke ndị Sam nwekwara a siri ike-propellant moto. Ya imewe mejupụtara a usoro nke compartments, nke na-emi odude: Control nkeji, fuze, na-alụ ọgụ elu-agbawa agbawa fragmentation nke na-osisi na ngwá, moto na-erite akara iwu.

ụgbọ elu ụzọ akara nke agha na nduzi ya ka lekwasịrị a rụrụ site na redio akara, na-eje ozi na ala Rada nduzi. Gharazie warhead na-adị mgbe eru nso agha ka onye iro iche na ihe kwesịrị ekwesị anya maka radio achịkwa fuuz otu. Ọ dịkwa ike mmebi nke otu na nduzi ojii.

Malite ukoritel-agba abụọ anọ sekọnd, na-eje ije - ruo 20 sekọnd. Oge a chọrọ maka agha onwe-mbibi, - 49. Bufee zọọ nghogbu bụ 6 nkeji. The agha na-arụ ọrụ na a dịgasị okpomọkụ nso - si - 40 Celsius ka + 50 Celsius C.

Mgbe burugodị na agba e weere na-601P, ndị na-emepụta malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ikike emegide ugbo elu agha usoro. Nsogbu ndị a gụnyere ndị na-esonụ mgbanwe: na shelling zaa-akpụ akpụ na gbapụrụ ọsọ ruo 2500 km / h, meriri transonic (na-akpụ akpụ na a ọsọ nso ọsọ nke ụda) na zaa n'ebe ịdị elu nke 18 km, nakwa dị ka ụba mkpọtụ ọgụ na iti puru.

agha mgbanwe

Na mmepe nke ndị dị otú ahụ mgbanwe agba e kere site technology:

1. 5V27G. The index "T" na-anọchi "akara".
2. 5V27GP. "P" index egosi a ọnụ na nso mmeri nke ókè-ala ka 2,7 km.
3. 5V27GPS. Index "C" na-egosi na ọnụnọ nke a na-ahọpụta unit, na-ebelata likelihood nke akpaka edinam mgbe fuze mgbaàmà echiche site na gburugburu obodo.
4. 5V27GPU. The index nke "Y" pụtara na e nwere ihe ngwa ngwa prelaunch. Mbelata nkwadebe oge a na-enweta site n'itinye na onboard ngwá elu voltaji ike esenyịn, mgbe prelaunch mode nke kpo oku ngwa. Equipment prelaunch emi odude ke UNK ụlọ, natakwara a kwekọrọ ekwekọ idegharị.

All mgbanwe nke agba na-emepụta na Kirov factory nọmba 32. Special ọzụzụ maka pesonel nke osisi emepụta akụkụ na arọ, gbawara n'etiti na izi ụdị nke agba.

malite bọmbụ

The igba egbe na-rụrụ site na a obubata (Pu) nlereanya 5P73, nke a na-akpata na elu na azimuth. Chetyrehbalochnaya ebuga obubata e mere na KB SM n'okpuru idu ndú nke Bs Korobov. Enweghị Chassis na gazootrazhateley ọ ga-ebuga ụgbọala YAZ-214.

Mgbe agbapụ na ala-efe efe zaa kacha nta amalite n'akuku nke agha na 9 Celsius. Iji gbochie ala ozize na gburugburu obubata multi-sectional okirikiri nkịtị roba-metal mkpuchi. Pu a na ebubo na usoro na abụọ iga-odori igwe, wuru na isi nke ZIL-131 na ZIL-157 na enwekwukwa maneuverability.

Power ebe e rụrụ iji a mobile transformer substation, n'ịnyịnya na azụ nke a ụgbọala na-adọkpụ. Stations ọgụgụ isi na-ezubere iche nke P-ụdị na P-12 nm 15 manned kwurula ike isi mmalite BP-10-T230.

Mba nke ugbo elu kpebisiri ike site Rada agba m ajụjụ gbara.

modernization

Ná mmalite afọ ndị 1970,-emegide ugbo elu agha mgbagwoju "Neva" e modernized. Rụọ Rada ngwá kwere ntọt mkpọtụ ọgụ na n'anya ebumnobi na management nke a rọketi. Ekele iwebata ngwá, "Karat-2" zubere maka telivishọn-ngwa anya anya na nkwado, ohere isoro na-akọ ọtụtụ akụkọ iro zaa enweghị Rada radieshon n'ime gburugburu uwa. Ịmafe lekwasịrị ọwa transmitter na-arụ na poolu post. Ọrụ ugbo elu iwetara e budata ewedatara nyere visual anya.

N'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụ ke ngwa anya sighting ọwa na adịghị ike. Na urukpuru ọnọdụ, na mgbe anya na ntụziaka nke anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ọnụnọ nke keakamere ìhè isi n'elu-iro ụgbọelu, ọwa arụmọrụ mbelata n'ike n'ike. Ke adianade do, n'anya telivishọn-ngwa anya usoro apụghị inye osisi ọrụ banyere nzube nke data nso. Nke a-egbochi nke ahụ, ohere ị na-ahọrọ ụzọ na nduzi belata irè nke agha ọsọ na nzube.

Na nkera nke abụọ nke 70 S-125 natara ngwá, amụba arụmọrụ nke ya iji mgbe firing na zaa na-akpụ akpụ na ala karị, nakwa dị ka ala na elu zaa. Ọzọkwa, gbanwetụrụ agha 4V27D e kere, nke mụbaa airspeed ekwe ka akọ ọtụtụ akụkọ zaa "na-achụ". Agha ogologo mụbara, uka mụbara 0.98 tọn. Arọ Sam obubata ebubo na 3 iberibe. May 3, 1978 set of S-125M1 na igba egbe version 5V27D nakweere.

nsụgharị

Na N'ezie nke mgbagwoju mgbanwe na-esonụ mgbanwe e mere.

N'ihi na agbachitere USSR:

1. S-125 "Neva". Basic version na a agha 5V24 mbio ruo 16 km.
2. S-125M "Neva-M". The mgbagwoju natara 5V27 ụta na ụba na 22 km anya.
3. C-125M1 "Neva-M1." Dị iche iche si version "M" ụba mkpọtụ ọgụ na ọhụrụ agba 5V27D na-ekwe omume nke onye agha na-achụ.

N'ihi na Soviet Navy:

1. M-1 "Wave". Ụgbọ mmiri analogue version nke C-125.
2. M-1M "Wave-M." Ụgbọ mmiri analogue version nke C-125M.
3. M-1P "P-efegharị efegharị". Ụgbọ mmiri analogue version nke C-152M1, na mgbakwunye na nke Telesystems 9SH33.
4. M-1H. "Wave-H". The mgbagwoju Aims mbuso ala-na-na-efe efe RCC.

N'ihi na mbupụ:

1. "Pechora". Export version of Sam "Neva".
2. "Pechora-M." Exporting n'onwe Sam "Neva-M".
3. "Pechora-2m". Export version of Sam "Neva-M1."

S-125 "Pechora-2m" bụ ka dị ná mba ụfọdụ.

e ji mara

Basic kenkwucha oru na e ji mara nke Sam "Neva":

1. Nso meriri elu - 0,02-18 km.
2. Oke nso nke mmeri e meriri - 11-18 km, dabere na elu.
3. The puru ọkụkụ lekwasịrị otu rọketi - 0,25.
4. Autolock oge nsuso nke zaa - 8.
5. Ịwa mode malite ngwaọrụ - ọkara akpaka.
6. Amụba oge data - 7.
7. Eburu amuma ziri ezi nzukọ ebe - 1.5-3 km.
8. The anya n'etiti center ọnọdụ na akara ulo - 20 m.
9. The anya n'etiti ụlọ na-achịkwa Starter - 70 m.
10. Agha ogologo - 5948 mm.
11. Na dayameta nke 1st ogbo nke rọketi - 552 mm.
12. Na dayameta nke 2nd ogbo nke rọketi - 379mm.
13. Malite ibu agba - 980 n'arọ.
14. The ụgbọ elu ọsọ agba - ruo 730 m / s.
15. The kacha ime ọsọ nke lekwasịrị - 700 m / s.
16. Ibu ibu nke a agha - 72 n'arọ.

nrigbu

Sam-125 ala nso eji na agha ndị dị esemokwu obodo ụdị. Na 1970, 40 battalions nke "Neva" na Soviet pesonel gara Egypt. E nwere, ha ngwa ngwa siworo dị irè. Na Soviet Sam 16 firings kụrụ aka na mebiri emebi 9 3 Israel ugbo elu. Mgbe ahụ, Suez na truce.

Na 1999, n'oge NATO mbuso agha megide Yugoslavia, na S-125 ikpeazụ ji na n'ọgbọ agha. Site na mmalite nke agha Yugoslavia nwere 14 S-125 batrị na 60 launchers. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-onwem na telivishọn ese foto na laser rangefinders, nke kwere ka ọkụ akụ ụta na-enweghị ezubere iche. O sina dị, n'ozuzu arụmọrụ nke usoro eji na Yugoslavia e ghara ikwe na n'ihi na eziokwu na ha na-site na oge ka nke ochie na mkpa mgbe mmezi. Kasị nke agba na-eji na mejupụtara nke S-125, mmapụta ndụ bụ efu.

electronic guzogide ụzọ NATO agha na-eme nnọọ irè see okwu na Russian agha na usoro. Ọgụ-njikere tupu ọgwụgwụ nke ndị agha e nwere nanị abụọ nke asatọ battalions nke S-125, na-arụ ọrụ na gburugburu Belgrade. Iji belata losses, "Neva" nkewa eji ha Rada maka 23-25 sekọnd. Nke a nkeji oge a gbakọtara site mkpara ke akpa ọnwụ mgbe ndị NATO mgbochi Rada agba imerụ. Mgbawa nke agha na usoro nwere ịmụta a zoro ezo nghogbu, anya isi mgbe nile mgbanwe nke ọnọdụ na égbè nke "zoo." Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọ bụ S-125, TTC nke anyị enyocha, jisiri gbaa ala American fighter F-117.