Rogun ewu

Rogun hydropower osisi oru ngo na Tajikistan malitere iji na-ghọtara na 1976, mgbe Soviet Ministry of Construction mma na mkpa akwụkwọ. Maka mmepe nke atụmatụ posted Tashkent "Hydroproject". Site ná mmalite na ọ bụ doo anya na ndị na-ewu a hydroelectric ike ojii ga-nnọọ ike. The ebe e wuru na ike eke ọnọdụ nke Central Asia.

oru ngo nsogbu

Rogun HPP egwu na-egwu site na ọtụtụ ihe. Firstly, ọ bụ elu seismicity nke obodo. Minor ala ọma jijiji a mgbe nile. Ha na-adịghị njọ nke na HPP, ma ọ bụrụ na-atụghị anya ya eri bụ kwa ike (dị ka ọ bụ azụ na 1911), mgbe ahụ, n'okpuru iyi egwu nke mbibi nke ndị na mmiri e gbochiri egbochi ga-abụ ihe kasị mkpa - ya lekwasịrị.

Nke abuo, na-ewu ụlọ nwere Punch ewu tunnels na-ejighị n'aka na omume rụrụ nkume. Thirdly, e nwere a kpatara, bụ nke nwere a ala Vakhsh rock nnu. Ọdịdị nke dam pụrụ iduga mmiri seepage na ozize formations. Constructors nke Rogun HPP nwere n'ime akaụntụ ndị a niile ihe. Ahapụ ndị na-ewu nke ebe ndị ndú Soviet achọghị, n'ihi na ya kwesŽrŽ na-akpọ ihe na mkpa aku ọrụ ná ndụ nke Central Asia.

Soviet ogologo oge na-ewu

Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-ewu nke Rogun hydropower osisi na-agụnye ọtụtụ mgbagwoju, constructors jisiri ike ịhụ ihe ngwọta na nyeere nro na ike ike n'ọnụ ya. Mmiri a na-ewere dị mkpa itinye a elu nsogbu gburugburu esite rock nnu, mgbe ke guzobere onwe ya ga-nri a jupụta ngwọta. Nke a dị mkpebi kasị kwesị ekwesị na ọnọdụ a. N'ihi ya, e kwesịrị iji gbochie mgbasa nke nnu.

Ala ọma jijiji na - a oké ọdachi. Nke a na-adịghị n'akụkọ ka maara na onye ọ bụla na Tajikistan. Rogun dam e mere na ndabere nke na ọ ga-enwe ike idi ihe ọ bụla ala ọma jijiji. Iji mee nke a, ahụ na-dam mere friable na ike ahaziri. N'ihi na isi mee loam na gravel. E mere nke a iji na-adụ nkume jupụtara voids na cracks mere site na ala ọma jijiji.

Malite nke ọrụ

The mbụ na-ewu ụlọ rutere ọdịda nke 1976 Rogun. Platform n'ihi na ọrụ ha wuru n'ebe ịdị elu nke ihe karịrị 1 puku mita. The ebe họọrọ maka Rogun hydroelectric ike ojii, n'oge ahụ bụ nnọọ ntị chiri. The anya n'etiti ụlọ na saịtị na kacha nso n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè bụ 80 km. The ngwá mkpa maka ọhụrụ akụrụngwa napụtara gafee mba. Hydraulic tobaim na nkesa na-arụpụtara ke Ukraine, mgbe ke anya Sverdlovsk mere hydro. N'ihi na ihe ndị mejupụtara nke Rogun hydropower osisi ewu izute ihe karịrị 300 Soviet ụlọ ọrụ.

City Rogun, nke biri ebe na-ewu ụlọ, e wuru site ọkọ. Multi-storey ụlọ, a ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara, a akwụkwọ - niile nke na-abụghị ihe n'ihu amalitela iji mejuputa ihe oké ọchịchọ ume oru ngo. Kpo oku na ụlọ bụ electric boilers.

Builders malitere ewu nke hydro ike osisi na penetration nke tunnels rụrụ ejighị n'aka nkume, bụ ebe e nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu. Ozugbo mere ọnwụ na roughing, ndị a tunnels na juputara concreting. Total zubere na-anọ 63 kilomita. Builders ije n'ebe ọ bụla ọzọ si n'akụkụ abụọ. Aghara-aghara e rụrụ na n'etiti. N'ihi nke a ọzọ akụ.

Tunnels na dam

N'ihi na a afọ iri, bụ na-amalite amalite Rogun, photos si na-ewu nke malitere na Soviet pịa, fọrọ nke nta na-agbanweghi agbanwe ebe ọ bụ na a mụụrụ penetration tunnels. Iji adị n'elu na-arụ ọrụ na-azọpụta ego, e kpebiri ghara iji kpochapụwo dump gwongworo na nnukwu eriri. Dị ka ọkachamara, otú ahụ ka atụnye jisiri ịzọpụta banyere 75-85 nde rubles.

The ewu nke dam malitere na 1987. December 27 E egbochi site n'osimiri Vakhsh. N'afọ 1993, mmiri elu bụ 40 mita, na ọwara ogologo ruru 21 km. Transformer na igwe Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze na ndị fọrọ nke nta njikere. Otú ọ dị, ọrụ ahụ jikwaa rụchaa. N'ihi na ida nke USSR, ntoputa nke nsogbu akụ na ụba na ihe ndị ọzọ, na-ewu na saịtị na mothballed.

okuku 1993

N'afọ 1993, ndị Rogun ọbọhọ a akwa moto. A afọ ole na ole mgbe ndị yitewere osimiri Vakhsh mere enyocha ndị na-ewu àkwà mmiri. Ihe kpatara nke ahụ ga-abụ a dị ike idei mmiri. N'ihi ya, mmiri na-ewere emechaghi tunnels na tobaim ulo ogige idei mmiri rikpuru.

N'ezie, ọ bụla hydropower osisi aghaghị ịnagide nrụgide, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-kpatara na-enwetụbeghị ụdị idei mmiri. N'oge na obodo o doro anya na ọdachi ga-mere ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị maka nzukọ mejọrọ management, maka ndị na-ewu. Taa Rogun (August 2016 ghọrọ ya ọzọ ọnwa nke nọ n'ọrụ preparatory ọrụ) nwere ndị ọzọ nwe, ma ọ bụ "Tadzhikglavenergo" na 1987, a iwu ahịa. N'agbata a Ọdịdị na Directorate ewu nke a ogu. Dị ka a n'ihi na Ministry of Energy nke USSR gbochiri-arụ ọrụ ndị, karịsịa ka nzute deadlines. Mgbaghoju anya na mgbagwoju anya mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na yitewere nke osimiri ahụ kwa n'oge. Nhazi nke a ọsọ ọsọ n'ihi egwu nke Agbaghara deadlines, ma oge egosiwo na agbagharị bụ ihie ụzọ.

yiri merenụ

Rogun ọtụtụ mgbe tụnyere ndị ọzọ hydropower osisi Tajikistan - Nurek. Nke a hydroelectric ike osisi na oru na 1979. N'oge na-arụ ọrụ na ya, e nwere ọtụtụ obere mberede.

Ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbu mgbu atụnyere Rogun HPP Sayano-Shushenskaya. Mere na ikpeazụ na mberede bụ nke a akpọ technogenic agwa. Mgbe ahụ gburu mmadụ 75. Builders na ngo Roghun hydroelectric ike na ghọtara na ahụmahụ nke ndị ọ dakwasịrị, Na ọ agaghịkwa chere ihu na mberede, dị ka o mere na 1993.

The oge a ogbo

N'ihi ihe isi ike ahụ na Tajikistan Rogun afọ iri na m bụ a na friji ala. N'afọ 2004 naanị, na mba ndị ọchịchị kwubiri na Russian "Rusal" kwetara-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ na-ewu nke ojii. Na-efu nke ụlọ ọrụ e rụrụ drainage nke idei mmiri ime ụlọ. Otú ọ dị, n'ihu imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti ndị ọzọ na-okosobode nsogbu siri ike. The ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọchịchị nwere ike ekweta na technical n'akụkụ nke oru ngo, gụnyere elu nke dam na ya imewe ụdị. N'afọ 2007, nkwekọrịta na "Rusal" e kwụsị.

Mgbe ahụ, Tajik ọchịchị kpebiri rụchaa na-ewu nke hydroelectric ike, na-achọ enyemaka si World Bank. Na 2010, nkwekọrịta e banyere na mba nka nke oru ngo. Ya ngo ghọrọ a Swiss ụlọ ọrụ. Open Joint Stock Company e guzobere "Rogun HPP". Taa, ọ na-aka iso na-ewu nke hydroelectric ike osisi.

Enweghị afọ ojuju na Uzbekistan

Almost dechara Roghun bụ nke ikike bụ 3600 MW bụ hydroelectric metụtara ndị ụdị nke dam. The ụlọ nwere isii hydropower nkeji arụnyere. Mgbe mmezu nke dam Nleta a ọhụrụ esite. The elu nke HPP - 335 mita (ma ọ bụrụ na ngo bụ ka na-emezu, hydroelectric ike osisi ga-kasị elu na ụwa). Dị ka ndị ọkachamara, na-ewu na-eri nke ihe karịrị $ 2 ijeri.

The ala nke Rogun hydropower osisi taa eruwo nnyocha si ọtụtụ ebe. Isi ekwu na-ebelata ka oke nke ọnọdụ nke dam, ie, ndị dị ize ndụ na ndị a maara na Soviet ugboro. Otú ọ dị, mkpebi-otite kwenyesiri ike na apịtị na mbuze, seismic ọrụ na ndị ọzọ eke ihe ike na-afụ ụfụ hydroelectric ike.

Ọtụtụ nnyocha nụrụ site ndị ọchịchị nke Uzbekistan (na Vakhsh River bụ a tributary nke Amu Darya, nke aga site n'ókèala Uzbekistan). Nke a pụtara na a mebiri otu eruba nwere ike imetụta obibi ọnọdụ na agbata obi na obodo. The Uzbek ọchịchị ugboro ugboro kwuru na ya na-emegide ndị International Commission-ekwu na ya bụ ka ike gwụ.

gburugburu ebe obibi na-akpata

Ekwe Omume imebi nke ọrụ ma ọ bụ na-ewu nke Rogun hydroelectric ike osisi nwere ike ime ka gburugburu ebe obibi na-elekọta mmadụ ihe ize ndụ. Na Uzbekistan, ebe aga nke Amudarya, ọnọdụ a na-kawanye njọ site ihicha elu nke Aral Sea, mere site na-ezighị ezi iji eke ego na Soviet oge.

Construction nke dams mgbe niile na-enyere na adị ala ozize. More nsogbu ga-ike idei mmiri nke ala, emi odude na ókèala nke na chọrọ esite. Na-agbanwe agbanwe eruba nke osimiri ga-emetụta ọ bụghị naanị n'ime, ma na-na okpomọkụ. Esite silting, nke na-eduga ná mpụta nke organic na ịnweta sedimenti. Ha-eme ka ala, Otú ọ dị, imebi ọmụmụ ke ala esịmde nke osimiri (ya bụ, na Uzbekistan).

Atọm na a Constrium

Esemokwu n'ịwa amụma n'ihi ọzọ na ngwọta nke ike na gburugburu ebe obibi nsogbu na mpaghara. N'ihi ya, Uzbekistan ọbụna gbalịrị ime ka Russia na European Union isonye na a ọhụrụ oru ngo na-ewu nke nuclear ike osisi, nke nwere ike ekpuchi mkpa nke ọtụtụ Central Asian mba (gụnyere ọbụna Pakistan, Afghanistan na India). N'ihi ya, anya, a ụzọ wee ihe ọ bụla ụzọ.

Ọ na-aga enweghị na-ekwu na ndị dị otú ahụ a zuru ụwa ọnụ nke mkpebi ndị ọchịchị. Otú ọ dị, nke bụ ezigbo ọkachamara, karịsịa gburugburu ebe obibi kwere na esemokwu gburugburu ebe bụ kwa politicized. The nsogbu idu ke eziokwu na ọ bụla na mba nwe ya osimiri dị ka ihe onwunwe, mgbe niile mmiri na ego na Central Asia na-jikọrọ n'ime otu osimiri usoro, na-eduga na Aral Sea. Ọ bụ ya mere nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na-amam ka onye ike Constrium, nke, na mgbakwunye na Tajikistan na Uzbekistan, kwesịrị ịgụnye Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan na Afghanistan. Otú ọ dị, ruo ugbu a na-enweghị ezi nzọụkwụ e weere nke a.

Sarez na Rogun

Ụfọdụ ndị na-emegide nke na-ewu nke Rogun ike ojii àjà kpọmkwem ego ha na-ọzọ oru ngo metụtara Lake Sarez. Ọ we bilie na 1911 mgbe ọdachi ala ọma jijiji na Mbuzo nke nkume, dapụtara na a eke dam kpụrụ emechi ọwa Bartang. Ọdọ na-metụtara Amu Darya efere. Ọ bụrụ na n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ (eg, n'ihi ugboro ugboro ala ọma jijiji) eke dam ida, nnukwu-efegharị efegharị esịmde ruo Osimiri Aral, na-eme irreparable imerụ ọtụtụ ndị na obodo nke mba atọ (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan na Uzbekistan).

Ọtụtụ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na-amam na-eji ihe onwunwe nke Sarez Lake maka ume nzube, ma si otú zọpụta Republic si mpe, na-akwụsị ndị na-emegide ya agbata obi. Rogun HPP (2016 bụ ụbọchị ncheta maka ya), Sarez - niile ndị a ihe-anọgide na-eme ka esemokwu na arụmụka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ. Akwado Sarez ngo kwenyesiri ike na otu narị afọ, e pụta ihe ebe obibi itule, nke pụtara na ya mmiri ike-eji na-enweghị mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ihe banyere Rogun "nchegbu" gburugburu ebe obibi na-ma na-anwale, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na igba egbe ga-eme dị ka iwu si.

Mkpa nke hydropower osisi

N'ihi na ọtụtụ afọ, Tajikistan nwere nsogbu ndị siri na hydrocarbon ike. Karịsịa, nsogbu metụtara na ọtụtụ esemokwu na Uzbekistan na "gas agha" agbata obi.

Ọ bụ ya mere Rogun hydroelectric ike osisi dị mkpa nke mba, na-enwe a mgbe nile ume mpe. Yiri arụmụka iji chebe oru ngo onwe ya Tajikistan. Rogun (2016 - '40 na-ama-ewu na oge izu) na-anọgide na ofu echiche maka a ogbenye mba, wụsara n'ime ya niile ego ha.