Satellite Communications. Emmepe, usoro na mmepe nke ohere nkwukọrịta

Taa, ọ bụ ọ na anya ọtụtụ satellite efere na n'elu ụlọ. Satellite Communications guzosie ike ná ndụ nke mmadụ nkịtị n'okporo ámá. Ọbụna n'ime ime obodo ebe now nwere ohere mgbe TV na-eji Internet ọrụ, mgbe na-enwe a elu mgbaàmà larịị. Ma ihe a dum e mere na o kwere omume ekele ọrụ ohere nkwurịta okwu emmepe, nke a ga-atụle n'isiokwu a.

World netwọk

N'ụwa taa network zuru ụwa. Na Russia ohere were elu-edu telivishọn n'ókè-enyere ndị Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Satellite Communications." Nke a bụ otu n'ime iri kasị ibu satellite rụọ n'ụwa, na ya TV center nke mkpakọ. Ke adianade do, ọ na-enye multiplexing nke dijitalụ iyi, site na nchịkọta nke gọọmenti etiti mmemme Broadcasting.

ohere akụrụngwa

The ụlọ ọrụ mejupụtara a ìgwè kpakpando nke 12 Satellites niile àmà. Satellite mkpuchi ebe bụ dum n'ókèala Russia, CIS, Europe, Africa na Middle East, Australia, North na South America, na Asia-Pacific mpaghara. Orbital ọnọdụ nke ndị ugboelu na orbital aak - si 14 Celsius n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ 145 Celsius n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ lonjituudu.

The terrestrial akụrụngwa

Infrastructure, nke bụ n'ala - na ọ bụ ise maka ohere nkwukọrịta. Ha na-emi odude ofụri n'ókèala Russia. Na ya ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-eduzi na gọọmenti etiti lekwasịrị omume maka mmepe nke Broadcasting na Russian Federation na 2009-2018. The nso nke ọrụ bụ sara mbara nke ukwuu:

• management, ohere na nkwukọrịta na ohere nlekota nke owuwu na ugbo ala;
• nkwukọrịta na Broadcasting (redio na telivishọn Broadcasting, digital na satellite TV) maka mba 52;
• ọchịchị na president nkwurịta okwu;
• Ogwe na mmiri na nkwukọrịta.

ohere nkwurịta okwu usoro

Nnyefe nke ozi ọwa Earth - a ohere satellite na azụ a rụrụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche. The ohere mee telemetry, ekwentị, teligraf, telivishọn usoro. The kasị ewu ewu na radio usoro. The isi distinguishing atụmatụ nke ohere n'ihi na efe efe ohere ihe ndị dị ka ndị:

• agbanwe mgbe nile ọnọdụ nke ugboelu;
• na-aga n'ihu mgbanwe mgbaàmà na n'ikuku ugboro ole;
• mmachi kpọmkwem ọhụhụ mpaghara na ala njikọ ihe;
• ịmachi ike transmitters emi odude na ugboelu;
• a nnukwu iche iche nke nkwurịta okwu.

Development of Space Communications

Onye ọ bụla maara na nke mbụ na kọntaktị na a nwoke na ohere e mezuru April 12, 1961. Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin bụ, ofụri ya elu ịnọgide na-enwe a otu ebe abụọ na-ụzọ na telifon na teligraf nkwurịta okwu Earth na ugboelu "Vostok" na nso nke mita na decameter ebili mmiri.

N'ọdịnihu, ohere nkwurịta okwu na ala mma, na na August 1961, n'oge elu nke cosmonaut GS Titov pụtara belata 10 okpokolo agba kwa abụọ TV picture. Taa, ot ọkọlọtọ telivishọn usoro na-eji, na nnyefe anya nke 350 nde kilomita (n'oge flights na Mars).

Nkà na ụzụ na ụba na akụrụngwa

Okwu satellite ọrụ orbit bụ isua 15. N'oge a, na mmepe nke ọhụrụ nkwurịta okwu teknụzụ. Otu satellite na orbit na-akwụ ụgwọ ruo $ 230 nde, na ọrụ nke onye nwe - na-agba ọsọ nke ọma na iji ya dị ka a mgbazinye owuwu. Na Russia, na abụọ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na ike imeli nwere a satellite na geostationary orbit - Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Satellite Communications Company" na OAO "Gazprom Space Systems".

Nsogbu nke obere mmiri na ebili mmiri

Radio nkwurịta okwu na ohere ihe na ugbo elu dị na anya ukwuu karịa 1000 km, na-ekenịmde ke shortwave nso. Ma n'ụwa taa, a nso ezughị. Ihe mere nke a bụ dị ka ndị a:

• shortwave enweghị ịrịba mgbochi nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ dị ka otu puku na redio ụgbọ na-arụ ọrụ ha taa na ọtụtụ ugboro ọzọ.
• The amụba mkpọtụ larịị na-achọ na ojiji nke ọzọ dị ike transmitters.
• The isi ntụpọ nke ndị dị otú a nso - multipath ịnọgide na mmetụta nke mgbaàmà aṅacha na-erite. Nke a na-eme ka ọ fọrọ nke nta-agaghị ekwe omume na-ekwurịta okwu na a nso bụ nnọọ dị anya.

Ultra-obere ife nso obere loaded, ma n'ikuku a rụrụ naanị na mpaghara nke nọchiri ihu.

Ụzọ ọpụpụ - Satellites

Ọnụnọ nke repeater mgbaàmà na ohere, ya bụ Satellites, enye n'ọnọdụ na-emepe elu ọhụrụ, ohere maka mmepe nke ohere na nkwukọrịta. Ọ ga-enwe ike inye pụrụ ịdabere na nkwurịta okwu na ime ihe na ohere na ikpuchi elu nke planet mma ma na agbasa ozi n'ikuku idé okporo. Satellites arụsi ọrụ ike na n'ezinụlọ mgbaàmà repeaters nwere ike arụnyere, na Satellites onwe ha nwere ike ịbụ ma anyịnya (ofu ikwu na ụwa) na efe efe na ala orbits.