Sofia Parnok. Russian na-ede uri na nsụgharị. Biography, creativity

Sofia Parnok - a nkà na-ede uri na nsụgharị. Ọ na-akpọ ndị Russian Sappho (Sappho) - ọ bụ naanị otu onye n'ime dum Soviet ohere ikwu okwu n'ezoghị ọnụ banyere nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị ịhụnanya. Ọ na-a maara na a na-illuminated si dị iche iche n'akụkụ abụọ nke ya mmekọrịta na Marina Tsvetaeva. Ikpeazụ - ọzọ ewu ewu na-ede uri, mgbe Parnok abụghị usụhọde ya dịghị talent, ọ dịghị mkpa ná Russian akwụkwọ. Ma nke ha, na-ede uri nke Silver Age, nke hapụrụ a otutu biographical ọmụma - a onyinye maka ụmụaka. Sofia Yakovlevna mara bụghị nanị na expanses nke Russia. A otutu nke a so mee ka akwụkwọ Diana Lewis Burgin "Sofia Parnok. Life na-arụ ọrụ nke Russian Sappho '.

isi ozi

Sofiya Yakovlevna Parnok, ezigbo aha nke dara dị ka Parnoh, a mụrụ ná mmalite nke August, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 11, 1885 (Old Style - 30 July). Obodo nke ndị na-ede uri - Taganrog. Sofia nna, Yakov Solomonovich, ekesịpde a na-ere ọgwụ, ebe ya onwe ya rụrụ ọrụ dị ka a ọgwụ. O nwere aha nke asọpụrụ nwa amaala nke obodo. Alexander Abramovna, Sophia nne, site na ọrụ na ịrụ ọrụ bụ dọkịta, ọ na-depụtara na nke mbụ ọgbọ nke nwanyi dọkịta na Russia. Parnoh ezinụlọ bụ ọgaranya, e wezụga, bụ akụkụ nke omenala na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi J.Randall nke obodo. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na umu nile nke Jacob na Alexandra Solomonovicha Abramovna na-n'ụzọ zuru okè kpụrụ - si na nwata ha keere music, n'oge mụtara ịgụ, ịmụ abụọ asụsụ mba ọzọ (German na French). Tụkwasị na nke anyị heroine, na ihe ịga nke ọma na ihe ubi ruru nwanne ya nwoke na nwanne (Valentin Parnoh na Elizaveta Tarahovskaya). Ọ gara n'ihu na-akpa mara musical ọnụ ọgụgụ, sụgharịa na dere ya uri. Elizaveta Tarahovskaya nwekwara bịara mara dị ka a na-ede uri. Sofia Parnok, n'aka nke ya, n'oge na-adịghị gosiri ya edemede talent - amaokwu mbụ e dere ya azụ ke afọ isii.

mmalite afọ

Gemini, Valentin na Lizaveta dị obere karịa ya nwaanyị tọrọ, Sophia, ruo afọ iri. Na mụrụ nwa ha metụtara Parnoh ọdachi ezinụlọ - enye ndụ ụmụ ha, Alexander Abramovna nwụrụ na-amụ nwa. Nna, ghara ịchọ naanị ya, mgbe oge ụfọdụ kpebiri na a abụọ alụmdi na nwunye na di na nwunye a governess. Pụta - nkewapụ na ọ jụọla oyi mmekọahụ na ada. Ebe ọ bụ na ndụ ya nwaafo Taganrog ụlọ bụ maka Sophia Parnok a ibu arọ.

guzobere

Na 1894, a na-eto eto Parnok debara aha na Women Taganrog Marian mgbatị. 1900 akara mmalite nke na-ede a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke poems - kpọmkwem akara na ndepụta nke Sofia dekọrọ n'akwụkwọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere ọbọhọ. Ha na-enye ihe ọmụma ziri ezi banyere uri Parnok na oge. Na 1903 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na ukpono, na-anata a nrite ọlaedo maka ha rụzuru. N'elu ọzọ afọ Sofia Yakovlevna raara Geneva Conservatory, site na nke na-ede uri n'ụzọ zuru okè na-egwuri na piano, Otú ọ dị, site na a na-abụ abụ na ọ na-aga.

Sofia Parnok si Switzerland na Russia na ebumnuche nọgide na ha ọzụzụ. Edozi na St. Petersburg, ebe o biri ndụ deede ya, Parnok ma gbalịa ịnọgide ya musical agụmakwụkwọ, ma, ebe mụọ na-akụzi ịkụ nke obodo a obere oge, m ghọtara na ọkachamara Ndinam music bụghị ya, na-ekpe ụlọ akwụkwọ a, na 1905. Ọ nọ na-emekwa ụfọdụ na-na Higher Women Bestuzhev ọmụmụ, ma ya nhọrọ nke ngalaba nke Iwu na -adịghị okokụre.

kere eke

Ọ baghị uru ikwu, agụụ mmekọahụ akwụkwọ maka Parnok? Sofia Yakovlevna ọtụtụ nsụgharị si French, dere, sị osise na caricatures, na Geneva teta ọ na-sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ dee nke mbụ okirikiri nke poems - ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ọ zutere Nadezhda Pavlovna Polyakov. Lyrics Sofia Parnok, ụkpụrụ, na-juputara jupụtara na ịhụnanya n'ihi nwaanyị, a ọchịchọ ọ ghọtara n'oge na emeghị-ajụ ya.

Na-ede uri na-ebipụta na-amalite na 1906. Mpụta mbụ malitere ya n'isiokwu na "Russian Àkù" na "ugwu ndetu" (bipụtara na 1913 n'okpuru aha nke Andrew Polyanina, dere, sị oké egwu isiokwu).

Site 1910 Parnok ama edemede okirikiri ka toro ruo n'ókè na a "Russian rumo," ọ bụ a na-adịgide adịgide imekọ ihe ọnụ. The nnọọ na-ede uri kwagara ebi Moscow.

Na 1916 wee akpa collection of uri Sofia Yakovlevna Parnok akpọ prosaic ( "Poems").

Mgbe 1917 mgbanwe ọchịchị, ndị na-ede uri gara Pike, ma laghachi na Moscow na n'oge 20s na a tọhapụrụ anọ ịnakọta nke uri (1922-1928.).

Na 1930, ndị opera e haziri ya libretto vozymevshaya ịga nke ọma.

Na-adịbeghị anya, Sofia Parnok, dị ka ọtụtụ n'oge, ama etre enyefe.

Personal ndụ

N'agbanyeghị ihe n'oge mmata nke ha nghazi, Russian Sappho 1907 ndọ VM Volkshteyna. Ikekwe ihe mere nke a bụ ihe siri ike ọnọdụ ego - nna, ọ bụghị na-ụtọ na ihe nwa ya nwaanyị, akwụsịla Parnok ego. Ma afọ abụọ gasịrị alụmdi na nwunye biri na ịgba alụkwaghịm. Sofia o nwebeghị ike ịhụ di ya n'anya, e wezụga, dị ka ọ tụgharịa si, ya nye ya dị ka ụmụ nwere ike ọ bụghị.

Mgbe o bi na St. Petersburg, Parnok maara eduga edemede ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oge, gụnyere Alexander Blok na n'oge a nta mara Anna Akhmatova. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ya nso enyi n'oge ndụ ha nile, dị ka Maximilian Voloshin.

Marina Tsvetaeva na Sofia Parnok

Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị abụọ a ma ama na-ede uri ka na-akpali ma biographers na admirers nke ha ọrụ.

October 16, 1914 na otu n'ime ndị edemede uhuruchi na zutere abụọ ndị a n'umu mmụọ. Ha romance kere kpọmkwem afọ abụọ - ruo mgbe oyi nke 1916. Ha oké obi ụtọ dara otú mberede, dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na tupu ebu amụma na ihe ọjọọ mechara mee - ma chere na ha ga-ahapụ anya. Ma gịnị ga--ọbụna akwụkwọ akụkọ ma ọ bụ cheerleader Sofia Parnok (biography agwa ka ihe atụ, banyere Nine Vedeneevoy, ikpeazụ ya ịhụnanya), Marina Tsvetaeva ekpe a miri emi Chọpụta na ya na ebe nchekwa na-arụ ọrụ ya.

adịbeghị anya

August 26, 1933 na obodo nke Sofia Yakovlev nwụrụ nke a obi ọgụ. Na-adịbeghị anya, ọ na-ede, ma kwaga n'ebe edemede okirikiri. Olili ozu Parnok ndị Lefertovo. Ọ maara na ha Boris Pasternak nọ. Tsvetaeva, na ya na-emesi obi ike, ahụhụ ọnwụ nke a mbụ enyi nwanyị kama indifferent.