Sokhondinsky idobere: ihu igwe, na osisi fauna

Onye nke kasị mma ebe ke Russia bụ Sokhondinsky Reserve, bụ nke dị na South Baikal. Ọ bụ ọwọrọiso maka a pụrụ iche ikuku nke ọhịa na uwa nke a mpaghara. Sokhondinsky idobere Trans-Baikal Territory maka ichebe na ịmụ jupụtara ejupụta umu, nakwa dị ka ihe nchebe nke ókèala ahụ.

The ebumnobi na ihe aga-eme nke idobere

The isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke idobere bụ:

• nchedo nke ókèala dị mkpa bụ isi iji chebe ma na-amụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke obere ụmụ anụmanụ;
• ọmụmụ nke ọdịdị na management nke "Annals";
• gburugburu ebe obibi nlekota nke ebe;
• gburugburu ebe obibi akwụkwọ;
• ọzụzụ nke ọhụrụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị ọkachamara na ubi nke gburugburu ebe obibi nchebe.

N'ihi na eziokwu na a akụkụ buru ibu nke ókèala fọrọ hozhena mmadụ, ọdịdị nọgidere mbụ ya anya. Ha amaghị nwoke na-akpali Sokhondinsky Reserve, nke ngosi nke nwere ike ghara kwuru. Ebe a na-sitere n'ọtụtụ osimiri transbaikalian metụtara efere nke Pacific na Arctic osimiri.

A nkenke akụkọ ihe mere eme

Ọ na-kweere na Sokhondinsky Reserve e hiwere na 1973. Na 1772, na miri-iyi trout Sokhondo rigoro Sokolov. N'ebe ahụ, ọ anakọtara ọtụtụ osisi na nyefee ha n'aka Russian sayensị. Nke a nyere aka na-emeghe a otutu jupụtara ejupụta umu pụrụ iche na ebe. Ekemende kpọfere herbarium maka ịmụ English ọkà mmụta sayensị. Flora nwekwara aku Turchaninov, anakọtara bara uru ịnakọta. Dị mwute ikwu na, na ndetu ekpe ọnụ na World.

Na 1856, maka ọmụmụ nke fauna na Ịsaka ekpe gị Radde. O kwuru na na ebe e nwere isii elu-elu zones.

The ọmụmụ nke Altai-Kyrinskoy efere na Khentey-Chikoyskogo Highlands aku Prọfesọ VI Smirnov. Ọ chikọta ezi nnukwu herbarium, nke a na-ekemende wepụrụ ka St. Petersburg University ma n'ebe ahụ ruo mgbe oge anyị.

Na 1914, ndị na-amụ nke na osisi aku PN Krylov na L.P.Sergievskaya, herbaria nwere replenished n'ohu ahụ Tomsk University.

UNESCO nyere ndị idobere ọnọdụ nke "Biosphere Reserve" na 1985.

Physiographic atụmatụ

Nke a idobere agụnye Sokhondinsky, Balbasniyskuyu Sopkoyanskuyu na loaches. The ebe bụ nnukwu. Sam Sokhondinsky massif nwere ogologo nke fọrọ nke nta 20 kilomita, ma obosara ya bụ 14 kilomita. Ebe ahụ nile na-emi odude na mpụta nke Highlands Henty-Chikoy. Nke a Ịsaka nwere ọnụ ọnụ ugwu abụọ: elu nke Great (2500.5 mita) na Obere (2404 mita). Daha n'etiti ọnụ ọnụ bụ 2000 mita elu. Na ndịda-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke massif bụ Tsagan-Ula. Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Sokhondinsky idobere n'ókè site Dzhermaltay-Ingodinsky ịda mbà n'obi, nke bụ ma ama n'ihi na ya ịnweta mmiri.

ihu igwe

The idụhe ke Sokhondinsky Reserve sharply continental. Akọrọ oyi na obere snow. Nkezi January okpomọkụ àmà site 22 ° C na 28 ° C, dabere na elu. Otú ọ dị, na vertices onwe ha iru mwepu 50 Celsius C.

Summer bụ nnọọ obere, na ọbụna mgbe e nwere ike oyi kpọnwụrụ na-arọ snow. The okpomọkụ na-nọ na plus 14 Celsius C. Ekpo ọkụ ugbu ọnwa - July. N'ozuzu nkezi okpomọkụ - banyere mwepu 1,9 Celsius C. The nkezi kwa afọ ọdịda dara banyere 430 mm.

Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe bụ nnọọ oké ike, ma ọtụtụ nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi na-eche kpamkpam ala. Sokhondinsky idobere na Russia bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị baa ọgaranya na dịgasị iche iche nke ndu eme ntule.

mammals

Ịpụ iche Sokhondinsky idobere ụgbọelu ẹkedọhọde nnukwu esemokwu ma na okpomọkụ, adịru secrete buru ibu nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi. Ebe i nwere ike ịchọta ihe nkịta ọhịa, Sable, aja aja bear, osa, ùrúrù, wdg

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị akpali ụmụ anụmanụ nwere ike kwuru na Siberia musk mgbada. Nke a obere wara njakpa-hoofed ụmụ anụmanụ, na ọdịdị nke yiri a mgbada. E ji mara atụmatụ nke onye a: a oké aja aja ma ọ bụ aja aja ntutu, na mkpa nkọ ụkwụ, ọ dịghị mpi, ndị ikom na ogologo fangs protruding si n'okpuru elu egbugbere ọnụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka abdominal glands na-emepụta musk. Home nke musk mgbada bụ a mara mma Sokhondinsky Reserve.

Ebe ọ nọ? Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, na Nature Reserve dị na Southern Baikal. Siberia musk diya ndụ na a elu nke 600-900 mita. Amapụ anụmanụ dị otú ahụ dị nnọọ briskly, na ike nke na a mgbanwe na ụgbọ elu na ụzọ mmegharị 90 Celsius. Ọ na-azụ na terrestrial lichens, pine agịga fir na cedar, horsetail na ndị ọzọ na osisi oriri.

Na ókèala pụrụ ịchọta ermine - a obere, obere anu ara Trapping musteline. Isi ibu ya nile àmà site 70 ruo 260g. O nwere a ogologo n'olu, a zita isi na obere gburugburu ntị. acha ọcha na agba na oyi. Ọ na-azụ na obere òké, na prefers ka bi naanị. Ibé anụmanụ delimit ọmụmụ nke na-tọhapụrụ site glands. Ermine ndụ ukwuu n'ime burrows, ma ọ dịghị igwu ha, na-ahọrọ ogide ulo o gburu òké. Eri ibe bụ nnọọ obi ike na bloodthirsty. Na oké egwu ọnọdụ, ọ nwere ike na-awakpo na a nwoke, n'agbanyeghị ya size.

The kasị dị ize ndụ anụ na idobere na-acha uhie uhie wolves, nke dịịrị ezinụlọ canines. The anụmanụ ahụ na a nnukwu ogologo 76-110 cm. Arọ 20 n'arọ. Ha nwere a mkpumkpu Ekechila ọnụ, elu-set anya na a nnukwu chịm ntị. Agba red na a black ọdụ. Ibi ke mkpọ 5 ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. Na nri na-òké na obere herbivores. Ọ bụ ezie na a nnukwu ìgwè ewu na atụrụ nwere ike ichu nta ma na nnukwu mmadụ. N'Ike adịghị ike ike. Human ezere. N'ihi ọdịdị nyere site ha ụda na-akpọ "na-abụ abụ n'ugwu wolves."

Ndị a pụrụ iche ụmụ anụmanụ, dị mwute ikwu, daba Red Book. Sokhondinsky idobere bụ ebe obibi nke ihe karịrị 10 ụdị anụmanụ na-fọrọ nke nta ikpochapu. N'ihi nke a, ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ókèala na-emechi ka ụmụ mmadụ.

Ewezuga nke dị n'elu, anyị na-arịba ama na-gophers, woodchucks, ahumachi oke na gerbils.

nnụnụ

E nwere ihe karịrị 125 ezinụlọ nke nnụnụ. Ndị bi na apịtị ebe onyinye icha mmirimmiri na Scaly Thrush, isi awọ oatmeal, capercaillie, egbe, ikwiikwii Scops Ikwiikwii. Ugwu ugwu nke apịtị pụrụ ịchọta ptarmigan, ugwu riiji, Accentor, Siberian ukwu, pika na ndị ọzọ. Near ọhịa ọdọ mmiri bụ nnọọ a nnukwu iche iche nke ụmụ nnụnụ. Otu n'ime ha kreenu, nwa stork, nwa-loon Grebe, pochard, coot et al.

azụ

Trout bi na osimiri na ọdọ mmiri eru mmiri oyi. Oké osimiri adịghị pụta. N'ihi na nnukwu azụmahịa uru fọdụrụ nkeji nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, nke mere na a na-depụtara na Red Book. Hucho - kasị umu salmonid ezinụlọ. O nwere ike ịbụ ruo 2 mita na itu ruo 90 n'arọ. Ọ na-atọ banyere 20,000 àkwá na oge.

Ọzọ bi bụ nanị freshwater eel. Isi ogologo, roundish, mpụta abịakọrọ na n'ọnụ. Agba nwere agba nke ala na mgbanwe na agadi. Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ dị ka okpomọkụ mbelata.

Ọzọkwa dị na saịtị na-hụrụ Arctic grayling, ma ọ bụ rotan golovoshka, Amur Pike na minnow.

osisi

The osisi bụ bara ọgaranya nke ukwuu na a na-anọchi anya n'elu ugwu na tundra, obere-leaved ọhịa, deciduous na ugwu pine. 923 nnọchiteanya nke elu vaskụla e debara aha. More karịa 71 na umu nke osisi na fungi na idobere e n'okpuru nchebe. N'ihi dị otú ahụ osisi, dị catchment glandular, gentian oyi zmeegolovnika grandiflora, Rhodiola pinnatifid na chetyrohnadreznogo, eyịm odnobratstvennogo, rhododendron, odida obodo na-aghọ n'ezie ikpọ.

Gymnosperms anọchi anya Siberia pine, cedar elfin osisi, Siberia fir, junipa lozhnokazatskim na Siberia spruce. The idobere emi odude nso ọhịa metụtara osisi - ya Gmelin larch (Dahurian) na Siberia.

Akpụ akpụ na freshwater

Ndị a edemede nke anụmanụ ndị na-ka ọtụtụ. Sokhondinsky Reserve - home patterned agba ọsọ nkịtị copperhead agwọ, ihe nkịtị agwọ, nkịtị ajụala na ngwere. Ndị a na-akpụ akpụ e mgbọrọgwụ a idobere ruru mmegharị na idụhe nke gburugburu ebe obibi.

freshwater ụmụ anụmanụ na-anọchite anya ọbụna na-erughị. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ponds na a otutu, ma ụmụ anụmanụ enweghị mmetụta na nke a na klas nke iche. Ebe a na e nwere nanị Siberia salamander, Siberia na moo awọ. Ndị a atọ ụdị ndepụta ike agwụ.

Esi na idobere?

Njem, mgbe gara Sokhondinsky idobere, ga-esi n'ebe ahụ, ma eleghị anya, ọ maghị. N'ihi nke a, ndị pụrụ iche na njem nleta ụzọ gasị. Malite na-emi odude n'ime obodo nke Kyra. Ogologo ụzọ na-adabere na larịị ma leta ebe: si 3 km 80 km. Great hiking nwere ike na-a izu.

The kasị ama ụzọ a na-akpọ "nzọ ụkwụ nke Pallas". Ọ bụ kpọmkwem otu dị ka onye chọpụtara ụzọ Sokolova. Yana nke a ụzọ dị mkpa ka ị na-aga ụbọchị ole na ole, na ogologo nke ọ bụ 70 kilomita. Ọ na-amalite na nisin Ịsaka Sokhondo ugwu. N'oge a, ndị njem nwere ike na-edebe ihe niile ikwu n'ụzọ ugwu latitudes na ịma mma nke di iche iche nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi.

Njem nleta n'anya nke a ụzọ Sokhondinsky idobere Trans-Baikal Territory. Photos na oyiyi nke ebe ndị a bụ nanị breathtaking na ya yi di iche iche. Ụzọ ụkwụ ndị ọbịa - nke a bụ naanị a obere akụkụ nke ndị nile n'ókèala idobere. E nwekwara ebe ohere na-agọ. Nke a bụ obere a precautionary ụfọdụ, dị ka obere ụmụ anụmanụ na-aghọ na na na naa, na-azọpụta ha - ọrụ nke onye ọ bụla.

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere a ọchịchọ ileta ọmarịcha na mpaghara na-a dị iche iche nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, na ibugo onu na Sokhondinsky Reserve - bụ ihe ngwọta dị mma. Ọ dịghị onye pụrụ ịnọgide na-enweghị mmasị dị otú ahụ a na okike.