The Arab mba. Palestine, Jordan, Iraq

Ụwa nke oge a na-dabere ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ akụkụ, ji ụfọdụ peculiarities. Western na Eastern, European na Arabic omenala nwere onwe ha geopolitical "nkịtị." Taa, okwu bụ "Arab mba" na-ezo aka na steeti, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu Arabic.

United Arab States

22 dị otú ahụ mba n'otu nzukọ zuru ụwa - nke Njikọ nke Arab States. Ngụkọta nke ebe nke ókèala bi ndị mmadụ na-ekwu okwu na Arabic, bụ banyere 13 nde km ^2. Nke a guzobere na-emi odude ke nkwụsị nke kọntinent atọ - Asia, Africa na Europe. N'ihi ya, Arab mba na-anọchi anya ihe fọrọ nke nta otu geocultural ohere ranges si Persian Gulf na Atlantic Ocean, a akụkụ buru ibu nke ndị bi na nke nwere Arabic mgbọrọgwụ.

Asụsụ na omenala e ji mara

Isi constitutive mmewere nke ọ bụla Arab ala bụ asụsụ na omenala mepụtara na ya ndabere. Taa, ndị dị otú ahụ a omenala bụ na-emeghe ma ọ gụrụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka Indian, Mongolian, Andalusia. Otú ọ dị, ndị kasị kpamkpam-enwe mmetụta Western omenala.

okpukpe

Na Arab obodo a okpukpe dị ka Islam, anamde a sọrọ ọrụ. Na otu aka, ọ na-eme Arab na ọha na eze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndụ, na ndị ọzọ - bụ na-akpata nke iseokwu na ọbụna ọgụ egbe n'agbata na-akwado nke dị iche iche okwukwo n'ime. Ọ ga-aghọta na Arab na Muslim mba na-adịghị yiri echiche. N'ebe na-adịghị niile Arab na-ekwu, na-Muslim, ụfọdụ n'out oge coexisted ọtụtụ okpukpe. Ke adianade do, ọ ga-eti na Muslim mba bụ ndị ebe ọtụtụ ndị bi na-adịghị Arab.

Islam - a dị ike na omenala ihe na-akpata, n'ihi na nke, tinyere na asụsụ, e nwere a ịdị n'otu nke Arab ụwa, kama ọ na-ike kee na-enye ịrị elu ọbara agha.

Arab mba

Na ngụkọta e nwere 23 Arab mba, na ndepụta nke na-dị n'okpuru:

• The Republic of Djibouti;
• Republic of Algeria;
• The Kingdom of Bahrain;
• Alaeze nke Jọdan;
• Arab Republic of Egypt;
• Republic of Yemen;
• The Republic of Iraq;
• -Agbaso n'ife ofufe Republic;
• Union nke Comoros;
• State of Kuwait;
• The State of Qatar;
• Siria Arab Republic;
• State of Libya;
• The islam Republic of Mauritania;
• The Kingdom of Morocco;
• United Arab Emirates (UAE) ;
• Oman;
• Saudi Arabia;
• The Republic of South Sudan;
• The Federal Republic of Somalia;
• Republic of Tunisia;
• Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara);
• Autonomous n'ógbè Palestine.

Ọ ga-kwuru na ọ bụghị ihe niile Arab mba, na ndepụta nke na-egosi, ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na-ghọtara. N'ihi ya, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic bụghị a so na League of Arab States (Las), eze ghọtara na iri ise ná mba. The Moroccan ọchịchị nwere ịchịkwa ọtụtụ n'ime ya n'ókèala.

Ke adianade do, na steeti Palestine, a so na Arab League, 129 ghọtara na-ekwu. Ná mba a, abụọ na-adịghị na a nkịtị ókè-ala ebe: Gaza warara na West Bank.

Arab mba geographically kere atọ nnukwu iche iche:

- African (Maghreb);

- chịngọm;

- Eastern Mediterranean.

Ilebatụ anya na onye ọ bụla nke ha.

Arab mba Africa, ma ọ bụ ndị Maghreb

Na na nlezianya uche nke Maghreb (West) bụ naanị States na-dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Egypt. Taa, Otú ọ dị, a na-emekarị na-akpọ ka niile North African Arab mba, dị ka Mauritania, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia na Algeria. Egypt onwe ya bụ center, obi nke Arab ụwa na bụ akụkụ nke Great magribinskoj aak. E wezụga ya, ọ na-agụnye mba ndị dị ka Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, Libya na Western Sahara.

Mba nke Arabian Peninsula

The kasị ibu dịịrị banye na mmiri na mbara ala bụ Arabian. On ọ bụ a akụkụ buru ibu nke mmanụ mba. Ka ihe atụ, UAE (United Arab Emirates), esịnede asaa nọọrọ onwe ha na-ekwu. Ke adianade do, ọ bụ na ya n'ókèala ndị mba ụfọdụ na okwu nke mmanụ mmepụta, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar. Na mbụ ụfọdụ, ndị mba nsogbu ke Arabian Peninsula, pụtara nanị dị ka a transshipment na márá ihe na ụzọ azụmahịa na-eduga na Iraq na Iran. Taa, n'ihi na-emeghe na n'etiti narị afọ gara aga, a na nnukwu mmanụ mee, onye ọ bụla nke Arab mba nke Arabian region nwere ya ịrịba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, usoro akụ na ụba ibu ibu.

Ke adianade do, mba Gulf, akụkọ ihe mere eme na etiti nke si na mmepe nke Islam, si ebe ọ na igbasa na mpaghara.

Eastern Mediterranean N'ókèala

Iji East Mediterranean Asian mpaghara, a na-akpọ Mashriq, na-agụnye mba ndị ahụ nke Arab East, dị ka ndị Republic of Iraq, Alaeze Jordan, Syria, Libya, na nwere naanị ọnọdụ nke Palestine obodo kwụụrụ. Mashriq - a ebe ọ bụ na a kpụworo ke mbubreyo forties nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, State of Israel kasị-erughị ala, ọ fọrọ nke nta mgbe niile na-ebu agha na mpaghara nke Arab ụwa. Kemgbe iri abụọ na narị afọ wee ebe ebe a na-adịgide adịgide Arab-Israel agha na esemokwu. Ka anyị ihe nkowa na mba ndị a nke Eastern Mediterranean, Iraq, Jordan na Palestine.

The Republic of Iraq

Nke a Arab mba dị na ndagwurugwu nke Euphrates ye Tigris osimiri, na Mesopotemia lari, na-na-asa si n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ mmiri nke Persian Gulf. Ọ ókè-ala mba na Kuwait, Iran, Turkey, Syria, Saudi Arabia na Jordan. Na n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Iraq dị Armenian na Iranian uplands, nke na-ji elu seismic ọrụ.

Country Iraq, nke bụ isi obodo nke Baghdad - nke abụọ-kasị Arab mba nke Eastern Mediterranean na Middle East na mpaghara, na a bi na nke n'elu 16 nde mmadụ.

A mgbanwe ke 1958 mere ka ọdịda nke ọchịchị ndị eze na mba, na ebe ọ bụ na 1963 ọzọ na ndị ọzọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ike malitere inweta Arab Socialist Baath Party (PASV). Dị ka a n'ihi nke di ọku ọgụ na sixties nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ndị ọzọ wee ike na 1979, edu Saddam Hussein. Ihe omume a dị ịrịba milestone na ndụ nke ala. Ọ bụ a iwu bụ enwe ike iwepụ ya nile rivals na ịtọ mode nke aka ike ike. Hussein site liberalizing aku atumatu na cohesion nke mba na echiche nke "nkịtị onye iro", bụ ike iji hụ na uto nke ha onwe ha na-ewu ewu na-enwe ihe fọrọ nke nta na-akparaghị ókè ike.

N'okpuru idu ndú ya, Iraq na 1980 Mmetụta a agha megide Iran, nke kere ruo 1988. Ihe gbanwere bụ 2003, mgbe US-ada mmekota agha Emewo mbuso agha nke Iraq, n'ihi nke bụ ogbugbu nke Saddam Hussein. Na nke a pụta mbuso agha emetụta nnọọ. The ugboro dị ike mba aghọwo a nnukwu agha, nke ọ dịghị mepere ụlọ ọrụ, ọ dịghị udo.

The Hashemite Alaeze Jordan

N'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-Asia, n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Arabian Peninsula, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Iraq, na ndịda nke Siria Republic emi odude Alaeze Jordan. Map nke mba n'ụzọ doro anya na-egosi na ọ fọrọ nke nta niile nke ya n'ókèala mejupụtara desert dị larịị nakwa dị iche iche ugwu nta na ugwu. Jordan udeme ala na Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, Israel na Palestian kwurula mpaghara. The obodo nwere ohere Oké Osimiri Uhie. The isi obodo bụ Amman. Ke adianade do, ị nwere ike họrọ isi obodo - Zarqa na Irbid.

Site 1953 ruo 1999, ruo mgbe ọnwụ ya, na mba-chịrị Korol Huseyn. Taa alaeze gawa site nwa-ya - Abdullah II, bụ nnọchiteanya nke Hashemite usoro ndị eze na-atụle ga-na otu nke 43 ọgbọ nke kpọmkwem ụmụ nke amuma Muhammad. Dị ka a na-achị, onye na-achị na Arab ụwa nweghị mmachi mmetụta, Otú ọ dị, Jọdan edidem ike na-achịkwa oruru na nzuko omeiwu.

Taa, ọ bụ ihe kasị jụụ ofụri ókèala ndị Arab East. The isi ego nke mba na-eweta njem, nakwa dị ka enyemaka ndị ọzọ, na ano Arab na-ekwu.

Palestine

Nke a kwurula n'ógbè dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Mediterranean mee nke abụọ na-abụghị n'akụkụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ na mpaghara: Gaza n'ókè Israel na Ijipt, na West Bank, nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na kọntaktị na Jordan, na ndị niile ọzọ gbara Israel n'ókèala. Na okwu nke ọdịdị nke Palestine ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ ebe: ahụ tụụrụ larịị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Oké Osimiri Mediterenian na ugwu ugwu dị larịị, nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mba amalite steppe, nke ahụ na-akwụsị n'ime ndị Siria desert.

N'afọ 1988, mgbe a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị Arab-Israel agha na ndị jụrụ site na Jọdan na Egypt na-ekwu na ndị Palestian n'ókèala, ndị Palestian National Council mara ọkwa e kere eke nke otu nọọrọ onwe ha ala. Onyeisi oche mbụ nke nnwere onwe ahụ kpara Yasser Arafat, mgbe onye ọnwụ, na 2005, a post a họọrọ na odude ugbu a na ike, Mahmoud Abbas. Today na Gaza, Hamas bụ na-achị achị na otu, nke ruru ike mgbe emeri ntuli aka nke a obodo kwụụrụ. Na West Bank ejisie niile ala nke Palestian National Authority.

Mmekọahụ n'etiti Palestine na Israel bụ na a nnọọ nchekasị ala na-adịgide adịgide ghọọ onye bu ihe agha see. The ala nke a Palestian ala na fọrọ nke nta niile ọzọ na-achịkwa site na Israel agha.