The Austrian Economist Friedrich Hayek: A Biography, omume, nkwenkwe na akwụkwọ

Friedrich August von Hayek - bụ ihe Austrian na British Economist na ọkà ihe ọmụma. Ọ gbachiteere ọdịmma nke oge gboo Liberalism. Na 1974 ọ natara Nobel Nrite maka a di na nwunye na Gunnar Mirdelom maka "na-asụ ụzọ na-arụ ọrụ na na tiori ego na ... a miri emi analysis nke ịdabererịta n'onwe nke akụ na ụba, na-elekọta mmadụ na institutional phenomena." Hayek akpọ a nnọchiteanya nke Austrian na Chicago n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ya isi nweta - ọ bụ nke akụ na ụba ngụkọta oge nsogbu, catallactics Ozizi gbasasịa ihe ọmụma, price mgbaàmà, n'amaghi iji, Hayek nlereanya, Hebb.

ozi izugbe

Friedrich Hayek bụ a ịrịba na-elekọta mmadụ theorist na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọkà ihe ọmụma nke XX narị afọ. Ya chọpụtara banyere otú ịgbanwe price n'ókè ndị dị mkpa na ozi na-enyere ha na-ahazi atụmatụ ha, bụ ihe dị mkpa ihe nweta na aku na uba. Hayek abuana ke First World War, ma ugboro ugboro, sị na ahụmahụ a kere na ya a ọchịchọ ịghọ a ọkà mmụta sayensị na-enyere ndị mmadụ izere ihie ụzọ nke dugara agha. N'oge ndụ ya, ọ na-gbanwere ya ebe obibi. Friedrich Hayek-arụ ọrụ na Austria, na UK, USA na Germany. Ọ bụ a prọfesọ na London School of Economics, Chicago na University of Fribourg. Na 1939, Hayek e nyere British ụmụ amaala. Na 1984 ọ ghọrọ onye òtù nke Order of Knights nke Honor na mbụ nnata nke Hans Martin Schleyer Nrite. Ya n'isiokwu "The iji ihe ọmụma na otu" gụnyere na n'elu iri abụọ, nke e bipụtara na magazin bụ The American Economic Review nke mbụ 100 afọ nke ịdị adị.

biography

Friedrich Hayek A mụrụ Vienna. Nna ya bụ onye dọkịta na ileta Prọfesọ nke Botany na mpaghara mahadum. Hayek nne mụrụ n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya nke nwe ala. E wezụga Frederick, di na nwunye abụọ ndị ọzọ nwa (1.5 na 5 afọ tọrọ ya). Ma Hayek nna nna ndị ọkà mmụta. Ya nke abụọ na nwa nwanne nna na nne nọ a ma ama ọkà ihe ọmụma Ludwig Vittgenstayn. All a mmetụta dị ukwuu oke nke ebe nke mmasị nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị. Na 1917, Friedrich Hayek sonyeere ogbunigwe ndi agha na Austria na Hungarian agha na Italian n'ihu. Ọ e ọdịda maka ya omeka agu n'oge agha.

Na 1921 na 1923 ọ gbachiteere ya PhD na Iwu na Political Science. Na 1931 ọ malitere-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ London School of Economics. Ọ ngwa ngwa ghọrọ ama. Na banyere Hayek-ekwu banyere dị ka isi theorists na ụwa aku na uba. Mgbe Germany bụ n'okpuru Nazi na-achị, o kpebiri ile British ụmụ amaala. Na 1950-1962 afọ ọ dịrị ndụ na United States. Mgbe ahụ, ọ kwagara Germany. Otú ọ dị, Hayek nọgidere a British isiokwu tupu ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ ya. Na 1974 o meriri Nobel Nrite. Ihe omume a wetara ya ọbụna ihe na-ewu ewu. N'oge ememe, o zutere na Russian dissident Aleksandrom Solzhenitsynym. O wee zigara ya a translation nke ya kasị ama ọrụ, "The Road to Serfdom."

Personal ndụ

Na August 1926, Friedrich Hayek ndọ Helen Berte Marii von Fritsch. Ha zutere na-arụ ọrụ. Di na nwunye nwere ụmụ abụọ, ma ha malitere na 1950. Izu abụọ mgbe ịgba alụkwaghịm Hayek ndọ Helen Bitterlich na Arkansas, ebe ọ nwere ike mere.

Friedrich Hayek: Book

The University of Chicago na-eme atụmatụ hapụ a collection of ọrụ nke ọkà mmụta sayensị, bụ onye rụrụ ọrụ maka ezi ogologo oge ebe a. A usoro nke 19 mpịakọta ga-ebu ọhụrụ nsụgharị nke akwụkwọ, na-ede akwụkwọ ajụjụ ọnụ, isiokwu, akwụkwọ ozi na bipụtara drafts. Hayek kasị ama ọrụ na-agụnye:

• "Monetary Theory na Trade Cycle", 1929.
• "Ahịa na mmepụta", 1931.
• "Income, mmasị na ego na ihe ndị ọzọ edemede na nchepụta nke ulo oru fluctuations," 1939.
• "The Road to Serfdom," 1944.
• "Masịrị onye na Economic Order," 1948.
• "Nyefee nke ideals nke nnwere onwe", 1951.
• "The counter-mgbanwe na nkà mmụta sayensị: ọmụmụ nke n'ụzọ uche", 1952.
• "Oruru of Liberty," 1960.
• "Egbu egbu mpako: Socialism njehie" 1988.

Friedrich Hayek, "The Road to Serfdom"

Ọ bụ ihe ndị kasị ama na-arụ ọrụ nke Austrian Economist na ọkà ihe ọmụma. O dere, sị na ọ na 1940-1943 karị. Na ya, ọ dọrọ aka ná ntị banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ọchịchị aka ike, nke bụchaghị akwụsị ọchịchị achịkwa mkpebi ndị Central atụmatụ mkpebi. Friedrich von Hayek rụrụ ụka na ndị a jụrụ ajụ nke masịrị onye na echiche nke oge gboo Liberalism-apụghị izere ezere na-eduga ná ọnwụ nke nnwere onwe, ihe e kere eke nke a n'ezinụlọ mmadụ, ndị ọchịchị aka ike na "ohu" nke ndị mmadụ. Ọ ga-kwuru na nkwupụta nke ọkà mmụta sayensị efehe counter na nkà mmụta sayensị na ọrụ adị n'oge ahụ echiche na fasizim (National Socialism) bụ ikeketeorie omume mmepe nke socialism. Hayek kwuru nkịtị mgbọrọgwụ nke abụọ usoro. karịrị abụọ nde "The Road to Serfdom," ka e rere ebe ọ bụ na akwụkwọ. The ọrụ Fridriha Hayeka nwere a ịrịba mmetụta na akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị okwu na XX narị afọ. Ya see okwu taa.

Onyinye na Ịghọta

Hayek ọrụ nwere a ịrịba mmetụta na mmepe nke akụ na ụba echiche. Echiche ya bụ nke abụọ tikeeti (mgbe Kenneth Arrow) na nkuzi nke Nobel Laureates. Vernon Smith na Herbert Simon na-akpọ ya kasị ama dịkọrọ ndụ economists. Ọ Hayek mbụ ịme a temporal akụkụ ke ahịa ịha. O nwere a ịrịba mmetụta na mmepe nke ibu Ozizi, ọmụma akụnụba na echiche nke n'amaghi iji.

Hapụrụ na ukpono

Ọbụna mgbe ọnwụ, Hayek-anọgide na otu nke taa ma ama economists. Echiche ya na-aghọ gharazie ịba uru. Aha ya bụ na ya nsọpụrụ:

• Student Society na London School of Economics. Ọ na e kere 1996.
• Society na Oxford. Kere 1983.
• Na-ege ntị na Cato Institute. Na-adịbeghị anya, Hayek e ọdịda aha Ùgwù agadi research ibe nke American research nzukọ.
• Na-ege ntị na Mahadum Francisco Marroquin na Guatemala.
• Foundation maka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke Institute nke kwesiri Studies. Ọ na-enye Postgraduate award na-eto eto na-eme nnyocha.
• Kwa Afọ Lecture na Ludwig von Mises Institute. Ọ ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu banyere Hayek onyinye na sayensị.
• Award na George Mason University dee aku edemede.