The elekere na Kremlin si Spassky Tower: The Story na photos

Ụwa na-ama elekere na Spasskaya Tower nke Russian Federation nke isi obodo pụtara a ogologo oge gara aga, dị ka-ekwu site akụkọ ihe mere eme, na 1404. Otú ọ dị, ha na e guzosie ike maka oge mbụ agaghị na Kremlin ụlọ elu, ma ha nso Cathedral nke Annunciation, nri n'obí na nnọọ Vasily Dmitrievich. The aha nke nna ya ukwu bụ onye mere ha, ruo mgbe ebighị ebi abanyeworị na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị ndị afọ: "a plan of chasnik - Prince onwe ya, na elekere ka-Serb mọnk Lazarus."

Kremlin Elekere akụkọ ihe mere eme

Okwu "chimes" na French asụsụ a na-sụgharịrị dị ka "ugbu a". All nke anyị si na nwata ma ama Kremlin chimes, a agha nke anyị na-agba ndị New Year, nwere ihe magburu onwe ihe mere eme. Ha bụ elekere ụlọ elu, nke, ekele a set nke na-ekiri hey emit a ụfọdụ olu ụtọ musical agha. Nke a elekere elu anya nke Red Square na nwere a njem n'ihu ọnụ ụzọ ámá, nke mgbe niile, ma e wezụga revolutionary, dị nsọ.

Naanị na 1658 Spassky ụlọ elu nwetara aha ya, tupu ọ na-akpọ Florovsky bụ otu n'ime 20 elu nke Kremlin, dị ka ya wuru na 1491 na Italian artist na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Antonio Solari. Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme akwụkwọ, na elekere na Spasskaya Tower na awụnyebeghị na XVI na narị afọ watchmaker nwe na afọ natara ezi ụgwọ ọrụ ma na n'egos'ike anọ yad nke ákwà.

The elekere a n'ụzọ zuru ezu akwụ na 1585. The eziokwu na ha adị n'ihu, na-egosi ọzọ na-egosi: ọ na-egosi na ọnụ ụzọ ámá atọ nke Kremlin ụlọ elu owuwu - Spassky (Florovsky), Atọ n'Ime Otu ma Secret - e debara aha ha n'akwụkwọ na-eje ozi "Breviary." Ná mmalite nke na Asaa na narị afọ na Kremlin elu (ma e wezụga Nikolskaya) ndị ụlọikwuu, na ekele a iri Spasskaya ụlọ elu ghọrọ iru a elu nke 60 mita. Watchmaker na 1614 ghọrọ Nikifor Nikitin, ọ na-ahụ maka mmezi na ịrụzi adọ usoro mmepụta ihe. Anyị makwa na ihe na-alụ ọgụ elekere, bịara zuru disrepair, e rere 1624 Spassky Obibi Yaroslavl arọ.

Christopher usoro Gollueya

The elekere nke Spasskaya Tower nke Moscow Kremlin n'oge ndị kasị oge ochie, ke adianade do, ha tara ahụhụ dị ukwuu site Ugboro ọkụ, na mgbe ahụ ka Moscow, ọ gwara ama English watchmaker Christopher Gollueya. Nyeere ya aka Russian blacksmiths - Zhdanov, nwa ya na nwa nwa Alex Shumila. Na 1626, elekere na Spasskaya Tower ọkụ na e wughachisịrị n'isi Galloway.

Russian artist Bazhenov Ogurtsov na 1636 kere ha eze ulo-ǹdò, nke ghọrọ mma nke niile ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble nke Kremlin. Awa-arụ ọrụ na mmepụta nke Vologda nkịtị - nna na nwa ya Virachevy na-eduzi usoro Galloway. N'ihi na "perechasya" caster Kirillom Samoylovym 13 hey na-achụpụ.

N'oge ahụ, ụgwọ nke English Nna ya ukwu 64 rubles kwa afọ. Old elekere usoro e rere maka 48 rubles. Nke a gosiri na watchmakers na Moscow ụtọ oké nkwanye ùgwù na ihe ùgwù, ha na-akwụ ụgwọ a nnukwu ụgwọ, karịsịa ekele ndị ndị soro ulo-elu elekere. N'ihi na ndị ọrụ, ọ na-e kere ọbụna a pụrụ iche na nkwupụta nke ọ na e dere na na Spasskaya Tower gaghị ekwe omume na-aṅụ, na-egwu kaadị, na-ere ụtaba, wine na na. D.

Description awa

Dị ka dịkọrọ ndụ nke oge, ọ bụ a magburu onwe obodo elekere ji ígwè. Ruru ya mma na ngwaọrụ na ha bụ ndị a ma ama n'ụwa nile, na ha nējide onwe-ụda ewe nu ihe karịrị 10 kilomita. Ịkpọ oku na-ese-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Isi na akụkụ bụ isi nke ya nso nọgidere anyịnya, mgbe elu n'akụkụ ke obosara bụ 1 mita, na-agba gburugburu. The elekere ndị Slavic akwụkwọ ozi mkpụrụ okwu nke arọ bụ 3 awa, 400 kg.

Kremlin Elekere e tụrụ n'ehihie ma n'abalị oge gosiri Slavic ọnụọgụgụ na mkpụrụedemede (ọla kọpa ntekwasa na gold), ma na-egwuri music. Kama akụ bụ anyanwụ ogologo doo mmasị ka elu akụkụ nke isi nnukwu Ịkpọ oku. The disk e kewara 17 hà akụkụ, nke ahụ bụ n'ihi na kacha lonjituudu nke ụbọchị ke ndaeyo. Mid disk kpuchie ya-acha anụnụ anụnụ Enamel, na na na ọ na-agbasasịkwa ọlaọcha na ọlaedo kpakpando na anyanwụ na ọnwa oyiyi. Dials (na a dayameta nke 5 m) bụ abụọ. Chere ihu n'ebe Kremlin, ndị ọzọ gara China Town.

Peter m

Site na njedebe nke na Asaa narị afọ elekere na Kremlin si Spassky Tower mere ozugbo Christopher Gollueem ghọrọ kpamkpam unusable, na mgbe ahụ na 1704 site Holland na Sea, Peter m eweta ọhụrụ. Ha nọ na-ada site na Arkhangelsk iri atọ adọkpụ si atụnye na okwu a e ekenyela karịa 42.000 Efimkov (Western European silver mkpụrụ ego). Na mba niile na oge a nke ntughari ka a otu kwa ụbọchị ngụda. Mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị, nnukwu elekere na a 12-hour Ịkpọ oku e arụnyere na Spasskaya Tower. O were Ekim Garnov na a ole na ole-amụ ọrụ ndị gbanwee na ulo oru a usoro maka ụbọchị 20.

okpu-nwe

Otú ọ dị, mgbe oge ụfọdụ, na ndị a ese bụ dilapidated, na mgbe oké ọkụ nke 1737 na ọ dabara disrepair. Otú ọ dị, site na nke a oge isi obodo ama Petersburg, na n'ihi na ọ di ike ọlị a ọsọ ọsọ.

Mgbe rigoro ocheeze Catherine II, o nwere mmasị na Kremlin chimes. Mgbe e mesịrị Berlin watchmaker Fatts (okpu) ga-eji dochie elekere chimes ọzọ English, hụrụ na Obí mejupụtara. N'ime afọ atọ, n'okpuru idu ndú ya, ha ga-wụnye Ivan Polyansky - Russian ukwu, na-arụ ọrụ ga-dechara na 1770. Ebe ọ bụ na isi-nwe-atara si mba ọzọ, mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-elekọta Kremlin dara song O du lieber Augustin ( «Oh du lieber Augustin"). Nke a bụ nanị ikpe na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke elekere, mgbe ha na-egwuri mba ọzọ song.

Napoleon ugboro

Mgbe chụpụrụ Moscow, Napoleon agha, na Kremlin si Spassky Tower elekere wara a nyochaa, na chọpụtara na ha elekere usoro anaghị arụ ọrụ. Mgbe nna ha ukwu Yakov Lebedev na February, ọnwa nke 1813 nyere idozi ya maka ego ha. Ọ e nyere ya ikpe, ma tupu ya nwere banye na ọ bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu ịdọrọ usoro nke edinam. Na 2 afọ mgbe e mesịrị elekere na-agba ọzọ, na Lebedev e ọdịda nke aha ukwu watchmaker Spassky awa.

Mgbe a ole na ole ọtụtụ iri afọ, ọzọ gbalịrị ọcha usoro, na-enweghị nkwụsị, ọganihu nke chimes, ma ihe ịga nke ọma. Mgbe ahụ maka overhaul e goro site na ike Butenop ụmụnna. Na 1850 elekere a kagburu iwu usoro na na, dilapidated akụkụ edochi. Site n'oge a, nọ na-ajụ ọhụrụ bed, ya ibu 25 tọn. N'oge na-egbu nke ọrụ a na ụlọ ọrụ natara ego ego nke 12 000 rubles. N'ihi ya, na March 1852 niile ọrụ dechara, na nke mbụ chimes na ụlọ elu malitere igbu olu ụtọ "Preobrazhensky March" na "Dị Ebube bụ Onyenwe anyị."

Emelitere awa-arụ ọrụ maka afọ 25, na na 1878 maka 300 rubles ịrụzi ha were ukwu W. Freimuth, bụ onye ghọrọ esote watchmaker Kremlin elu. Ná mmalite, ọ dị mkpa na chimes egwuri akụ nke "Chineke Zọpụta Tsar!" Ma ndị Emperor Nicholas m adịghị ekwe ka ime otú ahụ, na-achọ inwere uda ọ bụla music, ma e wezụga n'ihi na ukwe. Na 1913 a na-ọnụ ọgụgụ mweghachi e rụrụ maka ncheta nke Romanov usoro ndị eze. Company Butenop ụmụnna wee na-efe na usoro.

mgbanwe

Wee ike nke October mgbanwe, na na 1917 na agha ahu ozugbo kụrụ na ihu na merụsịrị mebiri emebi kpara elekere. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1918, mgbe Moscow ghọrọ isi obodo ọzọ, V. I. Lenin gwara ndị ọchịchị ngwa ngwa ịrụzi chimes.

Nna-ukwu anya ruo ogologo oge, onye ọ bụla na-atụ ụjọ na-ọrụ. Famous nche ụdị (ụlọ ọrụ bure na Roginskii) jụrụ maka nnukwu echekwara, nke n'oge ahụ enweghị ike igbunye ọhụrụ minted ala. Ma mgbe ahụ ịrụzi ha wee were Kremlin ụgbọ N. I. Berens. Ọ maara otú mgbagwoju usoro, dị ka nna ya nwere otu ugboro-arụ ọrụ maka a ụlọ ọrụ tupu eje ozi chimes. Na-enyere ya aka n'ihe a kwetara Cheremnyh artist JM, ọ bụ otu ihe ahụ akara na music nke "Ị dara a aja" na "International" na arịrịọ nke onye ndú nke proletariat.

Na mgbe ahụ, na oké ọnụ ọhụrụ pendulum banyere otu na ọkara mita n'ogologo e kere na ntukwasi 32 n'arọ. The mweghachi ọrụ dechara na September 1918. Mgbe ahụ bi na Moscow na nke mbụ nụrụ na kwaa elekere na Spasskaya Tower. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, na 1932, ndị chimes ọzọ na-achọ mmezi. Nna-ukwu na-emepụta a ọhụrụ ihu (kpọmkwem oyiri nke ochie) na re-gilded rim, nọmba na akụ na ọ gara banyere 28 kilogram nke gold.

Stalin

Na ntụziaka nke Stalin gbalịrị kpatụ elekere ka akụ nwere a ọhụrụ Soviet ukwe Aleksandrova chepụtara, ma o nweghị isi. Na 1991, o ọzọ chọrọ mezuo nke a ọrụ, ma dị ka ọ na tụgharịa si, nke a bụ agaghị ezuru atọ hey. Na 1996, mgbe afọ 58 tischiny, Kremlin chimes olu ụtọ egwuri ná nraranye nke Russian President B. N. Eltsina ( "Ịhụ Mba n'Anya Song" na "Otuto" M. I. Glinki).

The ikpeazụ mweghachi ahụ weere ọnọdụ na 1999, ọ dịruru ọnwa isii. Akụ gilded ọzọ, weghachi dum anya na kama "Ịhụ Mba n'Anya Song" elekere akpatre gburu mba ukwe nke Russian Federation.

Kremlin Elekere: foto na akụkụ

Awa ogide pụrụ iche ala nke Spassky Tower: si 8th na 10th. Ha isi usoro a na-emi odude ke a pụrụ iche ụlọ na usen 9 n'ala. Ya actuated atọ igwe arọ nke si banyere 160 na 224 kg. Musical usoro mejupụtara a set nke hey (ha niile na-setịpụrụ dabeere na a akpan akpan nso) na a na-akpọ software cylinder onye n'obosara esịmde abụọ mita, ọ na-agbagharị na a ibu arọ-erikpu 200 kilogram.

Sịlịnda mkpọ actuated mgbịrịgba, onye ọ bụla erikpu 500 kg. Na-ewepụta otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri n'ala. Site n'ụzọ, otu onye n'ime ha kwuru na o mere Klavdiy Fremi na Amsterdam n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1628.

Siri ike iche na nke ndị niile nke ngwaọrụ, ọ bụ nanị na Ịkpọ oku nwere a dayameta nke 6,12 m. Gịnịzi bụ ogologo nke nkeji aka nke elekere na Spasskaya Tower? Na ihe bụ akụkụ nke hour? Ka anyị na-eche. Dabere na eziokwu na uru nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị a ọcha ekwesịghị gafere ọkara n'obosara nke Ịkpọ oku, otu nwere ike iche na a nnukwu akụ ga-mkpokọta 3 mita. A obere, karị, a ga-enwe obere obere. Ugbu a, ka anyị na-atụgharị na ukara data. N'ihi ya, nkeji n'aka na a elekere elu Spassky n'ogologo bụ 3.27 m, oge awa na-erughị 30 cm -. 2,97 m nche factory ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị. Na-ebili ibu moto, onye ọ bụla aro inweta arọ nke ígwè ingots erikpu ruo 200 n'arọ, ha ibu mụbara na oyi.

Monitoring na mmezi

Kwa ụbọchị, na elekere usoro a doro mgbochi ule na mgbe a ọnwa - na nkọwa. The elekere na Spasskaya ọrụ watchmaker na-kwetakwara na ego site na chronometer na a na-achịkwa pụrụ iche na ngwaọrụ. The dum usoro a na lubricated ugboro abụọ n'izu, na okpomọkụ na oyi were mmanu.

The usoro nke Kremlin elekere na Spasskaya Tower na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma bụ fọrọ nke nta a ọkara narị afọ. On ígwè n'akụkụ dee ha na elekere tọghatara ụmụnna Butenop na Moscow na 1851. Mgbe ehihie na n'etiti abalị na ha iti Russian mba ukwe, na n'etiti - "Otuto".

ọgwụgwụ

Ọtụtụ ndị nwere mmasị na ajụjụ: "Olee nke ụlọ elu, na mgbakwunye na nke Onye Nzọpụta, nwere a-eche nche?" Na Moscow Kremlin ma chimes, na-emekwa ka elekere na Grand Kremlin Obí, Atọ n'Ime Otu na Borovitskaya elu.

Kpara chimes ma ka na-tụọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke a nnukwu obodo, ha na-a isi nnọchianya nke ukwu di Russian.