The isi ụdị nke gas

Nature maara atọ isi-ekwu, nke ọ bụla okwu: siri ike, mmiri mmiri na gaseous. Fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla mmiri mmiri nwere ike ịhụ onye ọ bụla nke fọdụrụ na abua. Ọtụtụ solids site agbaze, evaporation ma ọ bụ combustion ikuku nwere ike juputa ọdịnaya. Ma, ọ bụghị ọ bụla gas nwere ike a akụrụngwa nke siri ike ihe ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri. E nwere ụdị dị iche iche nke, haruru, nke dị iche na ha Njirimara, si na àgwà nke ngwa.

Definition na Njirimara

Gas - a umi nke e ji enweghị ma ọ bụ nke kacha nta uru nke intermolecular agbụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ọrụ agagharị nke ahụ. Basic Njirimara, nke nwere ụdị nile nke gas:

1. Fluidity, deformability, volatility, ọchịchọ jirichaa olu nke mmeghachi omume nke-edebe irighiri idebe ma ọ bụ na-ebili ke okpomọkụ nke na-egosipụta mgbanwe osisi ike nke ha ije.
2. E nwere, na okpomọkụ n'okpuru nke mgbali abawanye adịghị esi na a mgbanwe na mmiri mmiri ala.
3. Easily abịakọrọ, belata olu. Nke a na simplifies njikwa na ojiji.
4. Kasị gasị site mkpakọ n'ókè ụfọdụ nke nsogbu na okpomọkụ oké egwu ụkpụrụ.

Site nnyocha inaccessibility kọwara eji ndị a bụ isi parameters: okpomọkụ, nrụgide, olu na ezengwenri uka.

Nhazi ọkwa nke nkwụnye ego

Na eke na gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche nke gas na ikuku, n'ala na mmiri.

1. Onyinye nke ikuku: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, nitrogen monoxide na adịghị Neon, krypton, hydrogen, methane.
2. Na jikọrọ ọnụ nitrogen, hydrogen, methane na ndị ọzọ na hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, sọlfọ oxide na ndị ọzọ na-na a gaseous ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri na steeti. Ọzọkwa, e nwere gas ego na ihe siri ike nta na admixture na n'ígwé nke mmiri na nrụgide nke banyere 250 igwe ndọrọ ego. na dịtụ ala okpomọkụ (20 ° C).
3. The ponds nwere soluble, haruru - hydrogen chloride, amonia na-agụghị oké soluble - oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide et al.

Natural ego karịa nnọọ ekwe omume ọnụ ọgụgụ nke artificially kere.

Nhazi ọkwa site flammability

All iche iche nke, haruru, dabere na omume e ji mara nke mgbanye na combustion Filiks na-ekewa n'ime oxidizing, inert, na flammable.

1. Oxidants na-eme ka ọkụ retardant, ma ha ọkụ: ikuku, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, nitrogen monoxide na dioxide.
2. Inert adịghị isonye na combustion, Otú ọ dị, agbasaghị inochi oxygen na mmetụta na osisi ike Mbelata usoro: helium, neon, xenon, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide.
3. Combustible ìhè ma ọ bụ ịgbawa jikọtara na oxygen: methane, amonia, hydrogen, acetylene, propane, butane, carbon monoxide, ethane, ethylene. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-ji ọkụ naanị na ụfọdụ ọnọdụ nke gas ngwakọta. N'ihi na nke a property, gas - mmanụ ụgbọala ụdị, ihe ndị kasị taa. Nke a na-eji dị methane, propane, butane.

Carbon dioxide na ya ọrụ

Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị gas na ikuku (0.04%). N'okpuru nkịtị okpomọkụ na ikuku mgbali nwere a njupụta nke 1,98 kg / m ^3. O nwere ike ịbụ na ihe siri ike ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri na steeti. Solid adọ pụtara na ala udu nke okpomọkụ na mgbe nile ikuku mgbali, ọ na-akpọ "akọrọ ice". The mmiri mmiri na-adọ CO ₂ bụ na o kwere omume mgbe nsogbu na-abawanye. Nke a ihe onwunwe na-eji maka nchekwa, ụgbọ njem na ngwa usoro. Sublimation (ntughari ka ndị gaseous ala nke a siri ike, na-enweghị onye n'etiti mmiri mmiri na-adọ) bụ omume na -77 - -79˚S. Solubility na mmiri na a ruru nke 1: 1 na-ghọtara na t = 14-16˚S.

Types of carbon dioxide dịgasị dabere si:

1. Products osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ n'efu, mgbawa ugwu emission, gas orùrù si n'ala, ozu mmiri evaporation si n'elu.
2. The results nke ụmụ mmadụ na-eme, tinyere umu anwuru si combustion nke fuels.

Dị ka a bara uru umi na-eji:

1. The carbon dioxide ọku extinguisher.
2. The cylinders maka aak ịgbado ọkụ na ihe kwesịrị ekwesị na-ajụ nke a CO _2.
3. Na nri ụlọ ọrụ dị ka a ihe eji egbochi mmebi na aerating mmiri.
4. Dị ka refrigerant n'ihi na nwa oge jụrụ.
5. Na chemical ụlọ ọrụ.
6. Na nkà mmụta banyere ígwè.

N'ịbụ ihe dị oké akụrụngwa nke ndụ nke ụwa, a onye na-arụ ọrụ igwe na dum osisi, na carbon dioxide accumulates na ala na elu n'ígwé nke ikuku, na-egbu oge ntọhapụ nke okpomọkụ na-eke a "griin haus mmetụta".

Gasị gas na ya ọrụ

Otu n'ime ihe ndị bekee nke eke si na ebe usoro a dịpụrụ adịpụ dị otú ahụ na a elu ogo combustibility na calorific uru. Maka nchekwa, ụgbọ njem na ojiji, ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke gasị gas: methane, propane, butane, na propane-butane ngwakọta.

Butane (C ₄ H _10), na propane bụ mmiri nke mmanụ ala, haruru. The mbụ gasị na -1 - -0,5˚S. Njikwa na ngwa na oyi na-atụ ihu igwe dị ọcha butane na-adịghị rụrụ ruru ya kefriza. Liquefaction okpomọkụ nke propane (C ₃ H ₈₎ -41 - -42˚S, oké egwu mgbali - 4,27 MPa.

Methane (Kra _4), - isi akụrụngwa nke eke gas. Ụdị gas iyi - mmanụ ego, ngwaahịa nke biogenic Filiks. Liquefaction emee via mkpakọ na-adọ ma belata okpomọkụ na -160 - -161˚S. Mgbe ọ bụla ogbo ya abịakọrọ site 5-10 ugboro.

Liquefaction a rụrụ na-pụrụ iche osisi. Agbala propane, butane, ma ọ bụ ngwakọta ya maka ezinụlọ na ulo oru eji iche iche. Methane na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ na dị ka a mmanụ ụgbọala maka iga. Nke ikpeazụ nwekwara ike-emepụta na a abịakọrọ ụdị.

Abịakọrọ gas na ya ọrụ

Na-adịbeghị anya, ndị ewu ewu na nke zụrụ abịakọrọ eke gas. Mgbe propane ma butane na-eji nanị liquefaction, na methane ike-emepụta na a gasị na abịakọrọ. Bottled gas n'okpuru a elu nsogbu nke 20 MPa nwere ọtụtụ uru n'elu maara nke ọma liquified.

1. The elu nke evaporation, gụnyere na ala ikuku okpomọkụ, ọ dịghị ìgwè ọjọọ phenomena.
2. A ala larịị nke toxicity.
3. Complete combustion, elu arụmọrụ, ọ dịghị mmetụta ọjọọ n'ahụ na ngwá na ikuku.

Ọ na-esiwanye na-eji ọ bụghị nanị na nke ikwe ka gwongworo ma n'ihi na njem ụgbọala nakwa dị ka ihe ji esi mmiri ọkụ na ngwá.

Gas - unobtrusive ma oké mkpa maka ndụ mmadụ. High calorific uru nke ụfọdụ nke di na mbara ojiji nke dị iche iche mmiri nke eke gas dị ka a mmanụ ụgbọala maka ulo oru na njem.