The kasị ama architects

Behind ọ bụla ụlọ uru atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Nke a na-adịkarịghị echeta ọbụna mgbe ịga ama n'ihi na ya mara mma na n'echiche nke ụlọ. Ka ọ dịgodị, a maara nke ọma architects imetụta mmepe nke omenala na-adịghị ala karịa dere na nka. Ha banye echiche sere n'elu na ikuku, na-enye ha ihe onwunwe ụdị. The ụlọ na-egosipụta kachasi mkpa nke oge, ya na ọnọdụ na-achị nkà ihe ọmụma, na-masterpieces. Banyere ndị mmadụ, na-eweta ha ka ha na ụwa, na a ga-atụle n'okpuru.

inspirer nke amamihe

The kasị ama architects nke gara aga nadigh anwu anwu ha aha, na-eke a ebube ụlọ, ama maka ịma mma na ọtụtụ narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị. Otu n'ime ha - Giotto di Bondone. Italian na-ese na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, a mụrụ na 1267. Ọ ghọrọ ọsụ ụzọ na-visual nkà, tọrọ ntọala nke Italian akwụkwọ nke sere. Giotto frescoes na akara ngosi enwe mmasị n'ebe Leonardo da Vinci na Michelangelo.

Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-otoro na chepụtara nke banye n'Ụlọ Ekpere del Arena na Padua, ma ọ bụghị ihe niile na-eme nnyocha na-ekweta. E nwere doro anya na Giotto kere murals na icho mma katidral. The isi ụkpụrụ ụlọ e kere eke wizard - na mgbịrịgba elu nke Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence Katidral. Giotto emeghị ndụ mezue ewu - na 1337, mgbe ọ nwụrụ, e wuru na mbụ EBIONITISM nke ihe owuwu.

edemede

Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) mgbe n'elu nke ndepụta "Ọwọrọiso architects nke ụwa." Onye ama ama Italian bụ a ọkpụ, ọkà ihe ọmụma, ọgụ egwu na-ede uri. N'etiti ndị ya ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-egosi na Medici ụlọ ekpere, Laurentian Library, facade nke ụka nke St. Lorenzo. Na ya oru ngo wuru Roman Obí nke kwụsị na Obí nke Conservatives. Ke imewe nke ụlọ ndị a Michelangelo eji a nnukwu iji, na ìhè ya n'aka wee banye-ewu ewu. The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-arụ ọrụ na atụmatụ nke ama St. Peter Katidral ke Rome. Taa Michelangelo na-ezi na-akpọ otu n'ime ndị kasị ukwuu nke nna ukwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmadụ.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Ma ama architects nke Italy anaghị akwụsị ebe ahụ. Michelangelo weere nọchiri Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680). Ọ bụghị naanị na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ma a ọkpụ na-ese. Bernini oké ike ikpokọta niile atọ forms of art, eke otu visual ohere. Yana Francesco Borromini na Pietro da Cortona, ọ tọrọ ntọala na Baroque ije.

Otu n'ime ndị isi ọrụ nke Bernini - Saint Pita Square oru ngo. Veranda nwere ogidi n'ihu ya ma ama katidral - bụkwa brainchild nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ego na okpukpe ụlọ. Mgbe ị mepụtara a ikpeazụ Bernini mgbe m na-eji a zoro ezo ìhè na isi mmalite aka na echiche na-emepụta site na ọrụ ahụ. Ọ bụ ya bụ akwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ n'ime Roman isi-iyi, na-enweghị, bụ nke siri ike iche n'echiche na Ebighị Ebi City.

Palladianets nke Adams usoro

Ugbu a nyefee sample na Scotland nke XVIII narị afọ. Ebe a na 1728 a mụrụ Robert Adam, otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa ndị nnọchiteanya nke British classicism. Ọ bụ palladiantsev usoro ndị eze, n'oge classicism eso ụzọ ije. Adịgide adịgide style atụmatụ ndị na nlezianya symmetry na ojiji nke n'ụkpụrụ iwu, guzobere na oge nke n'oge ochie.

Adam kere nwere a pụrụ iche recognizable ji aka dee. Ha na-ji lightness na ịgba, Ugboro omume neogothic ọcha. Architect butere ndị na-akpọ Adam style. Ọ bụ ike ikpokọta bụ isi ndị na nke classicism dị otú ahụ na ala, dị ka ọ bụ ezie na ruo ogologo oge na biri n'etiti ndị oge ochie ọrụ na maara otú na-eche ya creators.

Ọ ọbọhọ ke akpasarade ụdị, nanị ole na ole ụkpụrụ ụlọ masterpieces nke Adam. N'etiti ha bụ ndị onwe ụlọ Kedleston Hall nso n'obodo Derby. Na-adịbeghị anya, ndị atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-arụ ọrụ tumadi na Edinburgh. Na ya oru ngo e wuru mahadum ụlọ ke obio.

Famous Russian architects

Na na mba anyị, banyere otu oge na-arụ ọrụ Vasily Bazhenov. Architecture theorist, onye nkụzi na artist, ọ kwadoro classicism na tọrọ ntọala nke Russian pseudo. Bazhenov kere ụfọdụ nnukwu ụlọ ke Moscow na St. Petersburg. Otu n'ime ndị kasị ama ụlọ na isi obodo taa - Pashkov House - wuru dị ka ya imewe. Ruo taa fọrọ nke nta na-eme ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ Bazhenov.

A mbụ atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke St. Petersburg ghọrọ Domenico Trezzini. Enye ume ọhụrụ ndụ n'ime Russian ije, na-eweta ya na European omenala. Trezzini bụ ya bụ akwụkwọ nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke owuwu na ike maara ọdịdị St. Petersburg anyị. A na-agụnye Summer Obí nke Peter Onye Ukwu, Pita na Pọl Cathedral, iri na abua Colleges ụlọ ebe mahadum dị taa.

Na St. Petersburg, dị iche iche afọ na-arụ ọrụ na ndị a ma ama Russian architects Nikolay Aleksandrovich Lvov, Alexander Glebovich Uspensky, Mihail Grigorevich Zemtsov na ndị ọzọ. The ikpeazụ ndị a bụ nwa akwụkwọ Trezzini. Zemtsov ghọrọ ndị mbụ Russian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke obodo na Neva. N'etiti ndị ya kere na n'oge Baroque bụ Church of St. Simeon na Ana, na cascade "Gold Mountain" na Lower Peterhof Park, Anichkov Obí ngo kpam wughachi mgbe nnwogha Cathedral ọkụ.

Soviet architects

Ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama architects of Labor na USSR. Na ebe nke rationalists, gawa site Nikolai Ladovsky, na-agbalịsi ike imeta ịgwa n'ịkpụzi na ikwọ bịara constructivists onye chere na nke functionally mkpa aesthetization. Kasị pụta ìhè na-anọchite anya ndị nke ikpeazụ ndị Vecino ụmụnna. A ịrịba akara n'ụdị Moscow ekpe Mihail Vasilevich Posohin, bụbu onyeisi-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke isi obodo si 60 ka n'oge 80. N'ihi ya, pụtara na obodo Obí Congresses, CMEA ụlọ, egwuregwu ahụ "Olympic" na na.

initiators nke style

Home nke ama ama architects nke oge anyị dị iche ná ndị ọrụ nke ikpeazụ eclectic. Ọ bụrụ na ịke nke azụ yaadị nke Renaissance na n'oge a iji chọpụta nnọọ nanị, taa ụlọ mgbe ikpokọta ọcha si dị iche iche ntụziaka. Otú ọ dị, eclecticism a mụghị ya a agụụ: ya ka webatara atụmatụ nke ekwekọghị, ọtụtụ nke mepụtara na narị afọ gara aga.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu na ntụziaka na ije - elu-tech. Pioneer style akpọkarị Norman Ezi (b. 1935) na ya "Bureau of anọ." Ọ e mere ụgbọelu dị na Hong Kong, "Millennium" akwa na Gherkin na London. N'oge ndị na-ewu nke ikpeazụ were na-akpọ retina mepụtara Russian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov (1853-1939), onye Ezi, n'onwe ya kwudịrị, weere ya arụsị. Shukhov kere mbụ na mba anyị mmanụ pipelines na mmanụ. Etinyere ha maka owuwu nke ụlọ, ígwè ntupu shei mgbe oge ụfọdụ na-aghọ otu n'ime ndị kacha amasị ọcha nke na-anọchite anya nke elu-tech. Bureau Ezi-e ụlọ ke Russia: nwughari nke n'àgwàetiti New Holland, bụ ugbu a na-ewu nke MIBC "Moscow-City".

N'ikwekọ na uwa

N'ụzọ dị iche na hi-tech, otuto ịdị ukwuu nke na nkà na ụzụ na-enwe ọganihu, ẹbọ nke bio-tech-enye ike ụlọ, agaghị esemokwu n'etiti uwa, ma nọgide na ya. Ọtụtụ ọma-mara architects nke taa na-akwụ ụtụ ka nke a echiche. The nchoputa na-ewere dị ka style Antonio Gaudi (1852-1926). Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọrụ nke ama Spanish-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ dị na Barcelona. Ọrụ ya - Güell Obí, Casa MILA, Casa Batllo - ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-emegharị na ihe ọ bụla. Ha yiri na-ebi ndụ ma na-akpali. The n'ike mmụọ nsọ n'ihi na nna ya ukwu bụ ọdịdị. N'ihi ya, pụrụ iche fluidity nke ụlọ, na enweghị ogologo edoghi, ọhụrụ shapes na ihe oyiyi. Na ya oru ngo bụ ka kwem n'ulo Holy Family, atugharị yiri a ájá nnukwu ụlọ.

Ọchịchọ nke ịdị n'otu na agwa - a àgwà e ji mara ndị na-oru ngo nke ama ama architects onye na-atụle na-eso ụzọ nke Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959). Ọ na-ewere otu nke kasị akpa ọgụgụ na ndị mba ọzọ na ije. Reith kere echiche nke "organic ije." The Central echiche nke ozizi kemgbe ike n'ezi na ịdị n'otu na uwa. Ụlọ site Wright, bụ a n'ihu nke eke na gburugburu ebe obibi ha, ha na-ji na-emeghe-plan, na ojiji nke eke ihe, imewe atụmatụ biiri si oge ochie Japanese n'ụlọ nsọ.

Modernism na functionalism

Ọ dịghị obere ịrịba ọgụgụ bụ Le Korbyuze (1887-1965). Creations na ọrụ nke French-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nyere ụwa modernist ije na functionalism. Ụlọ Le Korbyuze bụghị ike na-amụta. Ha na-ji volumetric nkeji, kpọlite n'elu ala, ewepụghị n'elu ụlọ, mpụga, anya elevations, a na-akpọ free ụdị. All atụmatụ ndị a nwere ngwa ngwa ga-aghọ akụkụ nke oge a ije.

N'ezie, n'elu ndepụta bụghị niile maara nke ọma architects. The akomako bụ nnọọ ogologo, na ndepụta na-mgbe niile emelitere. Ma ama architects nke oge nke anyị bi na, mgbe mgbe, na-ekpughe ndị e kere eke nke nna ukwu nke gara aga, ezighị ezi, na-eleghara anya.