The United States ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20: ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, aku na uba na otu

Ná mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, America abụghịzi a Republic, ifịk ifịk-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe ha na lanarị. Ọ nwere ike ji dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu na ọtụtụ mba ndị mepere emepe na ụwa. Mpụga na esịtidem iwu nke USA ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20 dabeere na ọchịchọ na ọchịchọ a ọzọ akpa itie ke ụwa arena. The ala dị njikere oké njọ na bụrụkwa omume a na-eduga ọrụ bụghị naanị na akụnụba ma na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

Iyi na 1901 wetara ọzọ unelected na-ntà president - 43- afọ Teodor Ruzvelt. Ya rutere na White House coincided na mmalite nke a n'ọgbọ ọhụrụ, ọ bụghị naanị na US kamakwa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa, ọgaranya ọdụdọ na agha.

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-agwa banyere peculiarities nke mmepe nke USA ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20, isi ntụziaka nke anụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ amụma, akụ na ụba na-elekọta mmadụ na mmepe.

Ochichi nke Theodore Roosevelt: anụ ụlọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

Roosevelt, n'oge iyi nke onyeisi oche, nyere ndị ya a nkwa na ọ ga-anọgide na-anụ ụlọ na mba ọzọ amụma dị na iwu nke ya ụzọ, McKinley, bụ onye na mwute gburu site n'aka radicals. O weere ya na maturing na-elekọta mmadụ nchegbu banyere tụkwasịrị na monopolies unfounded ma na-akasị na-enweghị isi, na gosipụtara obi abụọ banyere mkpa ọ bụla mgbochi steeti. Ikekwe nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ezigbo enyi nke President bụ onyeisi nke akpa ụlọ ọrụ.

Ndị ngwangwa mmepe nke US na narị afọ nke 20, soro ụzọ ndị eke na-agaghị emeli nke ahịa mpi, nke mere ka a na-arịa ọrịa nke obere na-ajụ-sized ulo oru. The discontent nke pụta-akpata uto nke nrụrụ aka na mmụba nke monopolies na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na aku na uba nke ala. Theodore Roosevelt eme ya ike neutralize na-eto eto nchegbu. O mere nke a site na ọtụtụ ọgụ na ire ure na nnukwu azụmahịa na aka eme ka ikpe ziri ezi na onye tụkwasịrị obi na monopolies, butere iwu obodo dabeere na natara na 1890 na Sherman Act. The analysis mere maka ụlọ ọrụ rịdata na Iwu na pụtaghachi n'okpuru ọhụrụ aha. E a flurry nke modernization nke United States. Ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20, na-ekwu ugbu a atụmatụ nke ụlọọrụ ikeketeorie ya classic ụdị.

President Theodore Roosevelt banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke USA dị ka ndị kasị emesapụ aka. Ya iwu bụ enwe ike iwepụ ọ bụla n'ụzọ nke ihe egwuregwu ma na-amụba ha ike na mmetụta, ma ọ na-arụ ọrụ 'ije. Ma mba mpụga-eme bụ mmalite nke a sara mbara mgbasa ke uwa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị arena.

ọrụ nke ọchịchị na aku na uba na-elekọta mmadụ na ibe ya

The US na aku na uba na mbubreyo 19 na narị afọ nke 20, were atụmatụ nke a classic ụlọọrụ ikeketeorie, na nke na-enweghị mmabido ọ bụla malitere ha eme ibu tụkwasịrị, monopolies. Ha igbochi eke ahịa iwu na-fọrọ nke nta emebiwo obere na-ajụ ụlọ ọrụ. Kuchiri na 1890, na Sherman Act e positioned dị ka a "n'akwụkwọ iwu nke ulo oru nnwere onwe" Otú ọ dị, o nwere a mmachi mmetụta na na-emekarị asugharia-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Ọnwụnwa ịlụ apụta na monopolies, na okporo ọrụ iku e were dị ka a "gbara izu ọjọọ, na-amachi free ahia."

Dị ka a N'ihi nke na-elekọta mmadụ na mmepe nke US na narị afọ nke 20, bụ na ntụziaka nke anyịnwa ịhụkwu inequality (nkewa) nke ụlọ ọrụ, ọnọdụ nke nkịtị Americans ghọrọ ọdachi. Ọ na-eto eto discontent megide ụlọọrụ ego ndị ọrụ ugbo, ndị ọrụ, na-aga n'ihu ụbụrụ na-aghọ. Ha ikpe nanị na-ahụ ha dị ka a iyi egwu na ọdịmma nke ọha mmadụ. All a na-eme ka antitrust ije, Bilie ihe ubara ọrụ nke ahia ịlụ na a mgbe nile na-alụ maka na-elekọta mmadụ nchebe nke ndị bi na.

Chọrọ nke "mmelite" nke na-elekọta mmadụ na aku na uba na atumatu na-amalite na-ada bụghị naanị na n'okporo ámá ma na-na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị ọzọ (Democratic na Republican). Pụta dị ka mmegide, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na ha weghara uche ndị na-achị achị nọ n'ọkwá dị elu, nke n'ikpeazụ na-eduga ná mgbanwe anụ ụlọ iwu.

omebe iwu omume

US aku n'uba ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20, a chọrọ doo nke ụfọdụ mkpebi site isi nke ala. Ndabere nke a na-akpọ ọhụrụ mba aghọwo a chọrọ Theodore Roosevelt mụbaa ike nke president, ndị ọchịchị we akara nke tụkwasịrị, na-eme ihe maka nzube nke ụkpụrụ na suppression nke "ndedehe play."

Mmejuputa iwu-a omume na United States ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20 bụ iji kwalite mbụ iwu gafere na 1903 - "Mee ka expedite obodo na ikike nke a ngosi n'ọnwụnwa." O guzobere jikoro maka expediting ọnwụnwa nke mgbochi obi mgbe, nke na-ahuta ka enwe a "akwa ọha mkpa" na "dị mkpa karịa ndị ọzọ."

Next bụ a iwu na oruru nke US Department of Labour na Commerce, na a gburugburu onye ọrụ a na-gụnyere collection of ozi na tụkwasịrị obi na ha na-echebara "aghụghọ ọrụ." Ha chọrọ n'ihi na "ngosi play" Theodore Roosevelt, na-ekesa na mmekọahụ nke ndị ọchụnta ego na okporo ọrụ, na-ekwu okwu maka udo mmezi nke esemokwu n'etiti ha, ma na-achọ a yiri mmachi US ahia otu ọrụ ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20.

I nwere ike na-anụkarị ka na na iri na abụọ na narị afọ na American ọchịchị abịawo efu "ibu" nke mba na ibe ya. Nke a bụ eziokwu, n'ihi na ruo mgbe 1900 na US anọwo na-elekwasị anya na-onwe ha. The obodo anaghị etinye aka na mgbagwoju anya mmekọrịta nke European ike, ma ifịk ifịk-ebu mgbasa na Philippines, Hawaii.

Mmekọrịta amaala India

History of amaala bi nke Afrika nke mmekọahụ na "na-acha ọcha" America na-ekpughe na okwu nke otú United States co-adị na mba ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ ihe niile si na-emeghe iji ihe ike ka aghụghọ arụmụka ziri ezi ya. Akara aka nke ụmụ amaala ndị mmadụ dabeere na na na-acha ọcha Americans. Ịpụta ihe ọ na-echeta na na 1830 niile dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ebo a kpaliri West Bank nke Mississippi, ma ama na mmadụ bi na mbara ọzara India ịkpụ, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Sioux, Blackfoot na Kiowa. US Government Policy ke mbubreyo 19 na narị afọ nke 20 a iji na ịta nke ụmụ amaala ndị mmadụ n'ime ụfọdụ ẹkedọhọde ebe. Ọ dochie echiche nke "domestication" nke India na ha mwekota n'ime American ọha mmadụ. Nanị ihe karịrị otu narị afọ (1830-1930 gg.), Ha anọwo na a ọchịchị nnwale. Mbụ ndị mmadụ yipụ ala ya, na mgbe ahụ na mba nsụhọ.

US mmepe nke narị afọ nke 20: The Panama Canal

Na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20 n'ihi na United States ji na revival nke Washington mmasị na echiche nke Inter-Oceanic Canal. Nke a na-enyere ha aka mmeri na Spanish-American Agha na ụdi oruru nke achịkwa Caribbean Sea na niile Pacific mpaghara, n'akụkụ aka Latin American n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Theodore Roosevelt nyere echiche ọbọp a kanaal paramount. Dị nnọọ a afọ tupu aghọ president, o kwuru okwu n'ihu ọha banyere eziokwu na "na-alụ maka elu na oké osimiri, na US azụmahịa kwesịrị ime ka ya ike karịrị ike ya ókè-ala-, na a na-ekwu na-ekpebi akara aka nke West na East nke oké osimiri."

Anọchitekwa anya nke Panama (ma eze kwụụrụ onwe ala) na United States ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20, ma ọ bụ kama, bịanyere aka nkwekọrịta na November 1903. N'okpuru ya okwu, America natara na ebighi-ebi mgbazinye 6 kilomita Isthmus nke Panama. Mgbe ọnwa isii gasịrị, ndị Colombia na-azụ Sineti jụrụ tinyeaka nkwekọrịta, na-ehota eziokwu na French gaara enye ọzọ mma okwu. Nke a mere ka iwe Roosevelt, na n'oge na-adịghị na mba, na-enweghị nkwado nke ndị America, na ije maka nnwere onwe nke Panama. N'otu oge ahụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke mba gosiri na ya nnọọ uru warship si United States - nyochaa nmepe. Mgbe awa ole na ole mgbe nkwupụta nke onwe nke Panama America ghọtara ọchịchị ọhụrụ na na nloghachi natara a nọworo na-nkwekọrịta, nke a oge ebighi ụgwọ ụlọ. Official mmeghe nke Panama Canal wee ebe on June 12, 1920.

The US aku na uba bụ ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20: William Taft na Woodrow Wilson

Republican Uilyam Taft ruo ogologo oge nwere ikpe na agha posts, bụ ezigbo enyi nke Roosevelt. Nke ikpeazụ, akpan akpan, na-akwado ya dị ka a nọchiri. Taft jere ozi dị ka onyeisi oche si 1909 na 1913. Ọrụ ya e ji mara n'ihu ike nke ọrụ nke ala na aku na uba.

Relations nwere soured n'etiti abụọ president na na 1912 ha ma nwara na-agba ọsọ maka abịa ntuli aka. Spraying nke Republican electorate n'ime abụọ n'ogige dugara mmeri nke Democrat Woodrow Wilson (nọchiri), nke hapụrụ a nnukwu akara na mmepe nke US na narị afọ nke 20.

Ọ na-atụle a buu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ya inaugural okwu, ọ malitere na okwu "na ike e nwere a mgbanwe." The "ọhụrụ ochichi onye kwuo uche" Wilson dabeere atọ ụkpụrụ: onye nnwere onwe, nnwere onwe nke iwu na-masịrị onye. O kwuru onwe ya onye iro nke tụkwasịrị na monopolies, ma na-adịghị chọrọ iji kpochapụ ha, na ntughari na iwepụ ndị nile na mgbochi na mmepe nke azụmahịa, tumadi obere na-ajụ site curbing "ikenenke mpi."

omebe iwu omume

Iji mejuputa ihe omume e kuchiri site tarifu Act of 1913, na ndabere nke ha na-a zuru oditi e rụrụ. Trade ụtụ isi zie na-akpọlite ụtụ isi na ego, na-achịkwa nke anoghi n'ulo oba ma gbasaa ihe ike.

Ọzọkwa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mmepe nke United States na narị afọ nke 20 ka ndị ji a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọhụrụ iwu. Ọzọkwa na 1913 na Federal Reserve System e kere. Nzube ya bụ ịchịkwa ntọhapụ nke ụlọ akụ ndetu, ụlọ akụ na ndetu, na oruru nke mkpa mmasị akụ mgbazinye ego. The nzukọ na-agụnye 12 National Reserve Bank of nwoke na mba.

Enweghị uche na-ekpe ndị nọ nke na-elekọta mmadụ esemokwu. Kuchiri na 1914, Clayton Act kpọmkwem ahụ na-ese okwu nke iwu Sherman, nakwa dị ka na gbochie ya iji na mmekọrita ahia ịlụ.

Progressive mgbanwe oge nanị ihere nzọụkwụ kwupụta US mmegharị nke narị afọ nke 20 na ọnọdụ ọhụrụ na bilitere na njikọ na mba mgbanwe n'ime a dị ike ọhụrụ ụlọọrụ ikeketeorie ala. Na-eto eto na-emekarị ruru na mgbe America ndidụk World War. Na 1917, Iwu na-achịkwa nke mmepụta, mmanụ a na ngwaọrụ. Ọ na-amụba ikike nke president na-ekwe ya ka o nye nsoro na agha na ihe niile dị mkpa, gụnyere iji gbochie ntule.

The First World War: na US ọnọdụ

Europe na United States ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20, na ụwa guzo n'ihu ọdachi nke uwa ụwa cataclysms. Mgbanwe na-agha, ida nke alaeze ukwu, akụ na ụba ọdụdọ - niile a ike ma na-emetụta esịtidem ọnọdụ ná mba. Mba Europe nwetara nnukwu ụsụụ ndị agha, ndị dị n'otu ugboro iche na amamihe na-adịghị na-akpakọrịta na-echebe ha ala. N'ihi ọnọdụ ghọrọ tensi ntiwapụ nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ.

Wilson na mmalite nke agha mere a na nkwupụta nke mba na America ga-"chebe ezi mmụọ nke na-anọpụ iche" na obiọma na-emeso niile agha. Ọ maara na esemokwu agbụrụ nwere ike mfe ibibi Republic n'ime. Gbara ụgwọ na-anọpụ iche bụ nzube na ezi uche n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe. Europe na United States ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20, e nwere na ịlụ, na nke a kwere ka ndị mba ịnọ n'ebe agha ọgba aghara. Ke adianade do, abanye agha ahụ ga-ewusi ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ìgwè nke Republicans na-enye ha uru ke ọzọ ntuli aka. Ọfọn, ọ bụ nnọọ ihe siri ike ịkọwara ndị mmadụ mere ndị United States na-akwado ndị Entente, nke e gara site eze ọchịchị nke Nicholas II.

US ntinye n'ime agha

Ozizi na-anọpụ iche bụ nnọọ ihe doro anya na ezi uche, ma na omume gosiri na ya ike. The mgbanwe mere mgbe United States ghọtara naval mgbochi nke Germany. Ebe ọ bụ na 1915, ndị agha malitere ndọtị na-anaghị egbochikwa American itinye aka na agha. Nke a tọgburu ihe na Germany n'elu oké osimiri na ọnwụ nke American ụmụ amaala nke aba ime mmiri nke England na France. Mgbe President Wilson n'iyi egwu bịara a lull, nke kere ruo January 1917 mgbe ahụ malitere a na-ọnụ ọgụgụ agha German n'ụlọikpe megide ndị ọzọ niile.

History nke USA ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20 nwere ike emeela a dị iche iche ụzọ, ma abụọ ihe mere nke kewapụrụ ndị mba isonye First World. Firstly, na aka nke ọgụgụ isi nwetara telegram, ebe ndị Germany meghere Mexico nyere iji ha onwe na ọgụ America. Nke ahụ bụ otú ahụ a anya, esenidụt agha dị nso, egwu na nche nke ụmụ amaala ya. Nke abuo, e nwere mgbanwe na Russia, na site na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị idaha hapụrụ Nicholas II, onye mere ka o kwe na a dịtụ akọ na uche na-esonyere ndị ha na-arụkọ. Ọnọdụ nke òtù bụ ndị kasị mma, ha tara ahụhụ ha nnukwu weere na oké osimiri site German submarines. US ntinye n'ime agha na aka ịgbanwe ihe n'ezie ihe omume. Warships belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke German submarines. Na November 1918, a mmekota nke onye iro nyefere.

US ógbè

Active mgbasa nke mba malitere na mbubreyo narị afọ nke 19, kpuchie Caribbean Atlantic Ocean efere. N'ihi ya, US chịrị na narị afọ nke 20 gụnyere Guanovye Island, Hawaii. Nke ikpeazụ, akpan akpan, weghaara na 1898, na mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị natara ọnọdụ nke a na-achị onwe ókèala. Mee elu mee ala Hawaii ghọrọ 50 m akaụntụ US ala.

Ọzọkwa na 1898 ọ nọ na-weghaara Cuba, nke eze kwagara America mgbe aka n'ime Treaty nke Paris na Spain. N'àgwàetiti ahụ bụ n'okpuru-arụ, natara iwu onwe ya na 1902,

Ke adianade do, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-achị nke mba nwere ike n'enweghị ekewet Puerto Rico (agwaetiti tozuru oke na 2012 isonyere States), na Philippines (nweela onwe ya na 1946), na Panama Canal Mpaghara, Ọka na Virgin Islands.

Nke a bụ naanị a nkenke njem mmụta n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke USA. Nkera nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 20, na mmalite nke 21th na narị afọ, ndị sochirinụ na nkọwa nwere ike e ji ihe dị iche iche. Ụwa na-adịghị ada ka, mgbe ihe na-aga na ya. Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ ekpe a miri emi akara ke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa, ụdi aku ọdụdọ na Agha Nzuzo nyere ụzọ nzube ka ha meworo. N'ime dum mepere anya ụwa eyịride a ọhụrụ iyi egwu - iyi ọha egwu, nke nwere dịghị territorial na mba frameworks.