Page akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ: a tank agha Senno, July 1941

Nke weere ọnọdụ July 6-10, 1941, Agha nke Senno (Lepel ma ọ bụ counterattack) nọgidere nta amaghị ụmụ ụmụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke tankị aka na ya bụ na a ọnụ ọgụgụ a pụrụ iji tụnyere Agha nke Prokhorovka n'oge Agha nke Kursk. Nakwa dị ka omume ndị ọzọ nke Red Army nke oge, a na ime ihe ọzọ kụrụ afọ n'ala iji kwụsị German tupu mbụ ogbo nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. N'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi ọdịda nke Soviet counterattack na Belarus ọ nọgidere undeservedly adịkarịghị kwuru merenụ di ọku okpomọkụ-mgbụsị akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi 1941.

ọrụ ọnọdụ

The ọbara agha Senno ikpeazụ inwale nke Red Army na counterattack armored nkeji. Mgbe agha biri ígwè agha, na n'ihu mgbalị ẹkemụm ụzọ si onye iro na 1941 dịrị ọgụ bipu formations. Ọ biri nke abụọ n'izu nke agha, na ndị Germany na-ama-gafere 500 kilomita - ọkara nke si n'ókè-ala na Moscow. Mgbe agha ahụ malitere n'okpuru Senno, karịrị iwe nke Wehrmacht ebupụworị n'ihu akara na Vitebsk na Orsha.

The elu iwu nke German agha site nnọọ mmalite nke hoputara Central ngalaba nke Eastern Front dị ka isi iku ntụziaka nke Soviet Union. E gbapụ Army Group "Center" - "South" na "North" n'ihi na ụfọdụ na-egosi na ọ karịrị ndị ọzọ na abụọ dị iche iche jikọtara. German ígwè nkeji ẹkewetde nke 2nd na 3rd tank iche iche - niile ha nwere ndị 7 9 motorized armored nkewa.

Ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ na-akpasu iwe na o kwere omume iji mejuputa omimi mkpuchi gburugburu ebe obibi na Soviet agha. Parts nke Western Front na n'ezie ngwa ngwa gburu. Site July 3 Germany gburu ikpeazụ eri ego nke achikota eguzogide. Soviet weere ndị nnukwu - banyere ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke n'ihu njikọ. The ụzọ nke "ji esi mmiri ọkụ" nkewa nọgidere 1 - 2 puku ndị mmadụ. niile arọ ngwá agha e efu (ugbo elu, tankị, ogbunigwe). Atụba Usoro na na ụzọ. Front Command a ọdịda e jidere ya, gbara (gụnyere General Dmitry Pavlov). N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, agha malitere n'okpuru Senno. 1941 bụ ihe kasị egwu afọ nke agha, na-eme atụmatụ a counteroffensive-ekwe nkwa na-adịghị ala oké njọ a ụmụ mmadụ na-eri na-ekwu karịa aga mgbalị iji kwụsị tupu nke ndị Germany.

plan counterattack

Echiche nke Lepel counterattack bụ ọgụ na tank nkeji nke Wehrmacht tupu ha bụ isonyere bipu nkeji, nke we site Minsk. Nke a atụmatụ bụ agbanwe agbanwe na otu n'ime ndị isi ndị agha ụkpụrụ - kụrie ndị iro iberibe. Ke adianade do, ahụmahụ nke mbụ izu abụọ nke see na Germany gosiri na yinye bipu nkewa esiri a tank agha bụ nnọọ adighi ike. Ya mere, o yiri ihe ezi uche na-tupu emptive iku na dinaa Wehrmacht agha. Ọ bụ na kwesịrị ịdị na-na okwu nke a agha atụmatụ site Senno.

July 1941 bụ nke kasị njọ nke ugboro maka counter-akpasu iwe na mpaghara. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị German agha esighị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - edu ndú nke Wehrmacht chọrọ ozugbo o kwere omume na adị na Western Dvina. Na mmachi tie Soviet bụ nanị abụọ bụ ndị iro nkewa (17 na 7th Panzer), ọ bụ ezie na ha bụ ndị a na-emenye ụjọ na ike.

Na eve agha

Na mgbede na July 4, Semyon Timoshenko (onye a na ụbọchị etubom Western Front), na Leo Herman Malandin Mehlis mma a ntụziaka na ọrụ ahụ bụ iji kwadebe a counterattack na ntụziaka nke agwaetiti na Senno. Ọgwụgwụ n'ókè nke na-akpasu iwe e debere Lepel, nke nyere aha nke ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, na counter na atụmatụ ogbo nke Western Front ndu akwa ndudue. Ọ eboro enyocha iro ike na doro anya na owụt agha Senno. Photos si ebe oria a kachaa nke agha n'oge na-arụ ọrụ a na-fọrọ nke nta ka-arahụ, ma onye na ọnwụ nwere ike ghọtara na ogige nke Red Army okpu ya ozi.

Command nke Western Front, mee ọsọ ọsọ na nzukọ nke counter-agha bụ n'ihi na oge na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi na onye iro. A izu gasịrị, ndị German bipu nkewa, agwụcha na gburugburu ebe obibi nke Minsk na Bialystok "boilers" ndidi nso n'ihu agha. Na nke a, na itule ike agbanweela cardinally. Na onye ọ bụla na-agafe n'ụbọchị ahụ Red Army nọ na ya na-esiwanye ike ọnọdụ, na a na-egbu oge nke ọbụna a awa ole na ole uru na-nnọọ oké ọnụ.

Njikere ịrụ ụka 7th ígwè agha, nyere n'iwu site Vinogradov kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Moscow Military District, ọzọ 24 nke June. Machine na wiil see ụzọ n'okpuru ya ike, na-esoro ugbo ala a n'elu na ụgbọ okporo ígwè nyiwe. On ụzọ ígwè agha nyere ọtụtụ ịma aka ndị ọhụrụ, dị ka ọnọdụ na Belarus na-agbanwe agbanwe kwa ngwa ngwa.

Nke itule nke agha

German 7th Panzer Division dị iche obere, n'ihi na otú a na-akpụ Ọdịdị. Ọ gụnyere 4 battalions. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke tankị bụ ihe ndekọ maka dum Eastern Front - 265 ọgụ nkeji, nke izu abụọ nke na-alụ ọgụ 25 furu. Otú ọ dị, na Soviet 7th ígwè agha gụnyere ugboro abụọ ka ọtụtụ ụgbọala.

Kasị nke ogige German nkewa ẹkewetde nke ụdị Czech "Skoda" 1938 mmepụta. Ndị a fechaa tankị nwere 37 mm egbe na-anakọtara na rivets na bolts ụlọ. Mgbe ị kụrụ onye iro shei, ndị a ọcha bịara anya na-emerụ ahụ-arụ ọrụ. Ya mere na-akpọ "Skoda" oru ebube nnọọ ike. Na mgbakwunye na ha bụ ndị ka na-amụnye PZ-II. Ha igbochi ngwá agha ijupụta obere 20 mm egbe ala. The ugbu Soviet akụkụ HF na T-34. Nkọwa ka ha na a shootout na hotara na mbụ German nlereanya dajụọ a dum park, ịmata na kacha nta losses. Ọ bụ nke a ọgụ na ya picture gosiri artist Nikolai Nazarchuk. "The Battle nke Senno" Belarusian artist ghọọ otu n'ime ndị a kasị mara ihe atụ nke agha.

Ogbunigwe na bipu

The tank nkewa tankị bụ "ube mgbe", ma ọ bụla dị otú a kpụworo mkpa na "Flagstaff" - bipu na ogbunigwe. Gịnị bụ ọnọdụ nke ndị a n'akụkụ ke German nkewa? Ogbunigwe ndi agha gụnyere 36 egbe - ukwuu n'ime howitzers na a ole na ole egbe. A na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ dị ndị ọzọ obi umeala karịa ndị Soviet. The abụọ tank nkewa ahụ fọrọ nke nta a na ọgu egbe. N'otu aka ahụ, ruru nọ bipu: 15 bipu battalions nke Red Army megide Wehrmacht na 4.

Na mpaghara nke omume nke 7th ígwè agha Soviet space uru abụọ na-anọghị n'ogige atụrụ, mgbe 5th ígwè agha nke asaa na asatọ ugboro. A ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke tankị mesịrị ghọọ otu oge maka atụnyere Agha nke Senno Prokhorovsky ama agha n'oge Agha nke Kursk ke 1943.

5th ígwè agha nwere na ha onwe ha pụrụ iche Ọdịdị - abụọ ọzọ ogbunigwe ndi agha na-mmasị na ya. A n'akụkụ na-kwukwara si idobere mkpara nke Western Front. Ha na-na-akpọ ihe owuwu na-ekesa ogbunigwe ndi agha. Akụkụ dị mkpa nke ìgwè ndị a bụ ọnụnọ nke arọ-howitzer egbe 122-mm na 152-mm caliber. Ha kere bụghị naanị mgbakọ na mwepụ, ma qualitative kara n'elu iro ogbunigwe.

Agha nke Senno ike ejedebe ọbụna ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị Germany na-ekpe na Borisov ya abụọ motorized bipu battalion, a tank battalion na antitank battalion. A iberibe fọduru ndikpeme putara ighe mkpa ịgafe nke Berezina. A nkeji nọ n'okpuru Senno naanị na July 7, mbenata space kara 5th ígwè agha okpukpu abụọ.

malite counter

July 5, 1941 malitere preparations maka ibu agha nke Senno. 14 Panzer Division na 7th ígwè Corps mere a 40-mile njem ma nwere na mbụ ọnọdụ maka bu n'obi counter-agha. Nke a bụ ebe Ostrovno - Gnezdilovichi - SVETOGOR 10 kilomita n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Chernogostnitsa River. Ọzọ 18 Panzer Division e dịtụ-egbu oge. Site n'etiti ehihie na-esote ụbọchị, ọ lekwasịrị anya na abụọ nke osimiri Obolyanka. 5th ígwè agha wee ọnọdụ ke Orsha district.

July 6 Agha nke Senno banyere ifịk na-adọ. 14 Panzer abụọ nkeji (gụnyere ọ bụla ụlọ ọrụ nke tankị na battalion bipu) e guzobere. A ogige gbalịrị ịmanye Chernogostnitsu na-anọ n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke osimiri ahụ. Otu unit n'ezie jisiri ejigide a obere bridgehead gburugburu Sarraut ọdọ. N'oge a, ndị agha nke 18 Panzer Division ruru n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ná mpụga Senno na e banyere a ike agha na Germany. Na mgbede, na onye iro e chụpụrụ nke obodo. Na nke a akuku nke n'ihu, ndị agha Soviet wee na iji chebe onwe. Ọ bụ ha na-aga nke ọma maka oge nke ọrụ.

emeghasịkwa nke atụmatụ

On July 7, a tank agha iso n'okpuru Senno. All gara aga n'abalị Soviet agha ịgafe akwadebe Chernogostnitse. On n'ụtụtụ nke 14 Panzer Division kpaliri ha n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'usọ osimiri isi. Promotion imikpu mgbe 4 kilomita. Tankị na-eche na isi agha nke 7th Panzer Division. Soviet Connection ahụhụ arọ weere na gbaghachi azụ na mbụ ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ikperé mmiri. Ha na-ahụ laghachiri Insular na malitere esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile nke ya na ihe onwunwe akụkụ.

Ka ọ dịgodị, ndị Germany na ulo oru ihe rụrụ si n'ebe ugwu na Senno, ebe ịgbachitere 18 Panzer Division. Red Army hapụrụ obodo site n'etiti ehihie na July 8. N'oge a, 5th ígwè agha duru a di ọku agha na-iro tankị, 20 kilomita ndịda Senno. O jisiri agbaji German kọlụm, ma ụdi counterattack weghachiri eweghachi na mbụ.

July 9 14 na 18 Panzer Division laghachi ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ikperé mmiri Obolyanka. The Germany weghaara si Senno malitere ọganihu okporouzo ugboala na Smolensk. 10 nke tupu nkeji banyere Oboltsy. Site n'etiti ehihie, ndị Germany na gafere 40 kilomita ma ruo n'okporo ụzọ, 30 kilomita n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Orsha. The Soviet 5th ígwè agha chere ihu na iyi egwu nke zuru encirclement. Ya iwu kpebiri agbahapụ, dị ka foduru nke armored nkewa.

Results na ihe ndị kpatara ọdịda

N'ihi ya, tank agha na Senno maka Soviet agha wee ihe ọ bụla. The agha emezughị ọ bụla nke ha aga-eme. Enweghị ike ịga ọkara ụzọ Lepel. Dị ka atụmatụ isi igbu mee on ka iyi tojubigara ókè nke Polotsk German otu, ma ọ na-adịghị eweta ihe ọ bụla weere - ruo ya nanị na-adịghị ruru. N'ihi na a zuru izu ọgụ e efu gburugburu 70% nke akụrụngwa. Remnants nke tank nkewa efu ha ọgụ ike na ekemende wee na-tụgharịa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ruo mgbe ha mesịrị okụrede n'ime "ite" nso Smolensk.

Gịnị bụ ihe mere nke a ọdịda? July 17, 1914 nso obodo Liozno na Vitebsk mkpọrọ e mbụ onyeisi Yakov Dzhugashvili - nwa Iosifa Stalina. N'oge ajụjụ ọnụ, o mere mkpesa banyere egwu ikuku agha German Junkers. The otu na-ele na-kwalitere na akụkọ nke isi na Moscow. E mesịa, o kwagara Soviet historiography na dịwo atụle immutable eziokwu. Isi ihe mere nke furu efu agha Senno, atụle destructional na ubiquitous German ụgbọelu, si n'ututu rue abali na swooped valivshuyu bombs na Red Army.

Otú ọ dị, nke bụ eziokwu bụ ihe ndị ọzọ mgbagwoju. Ọ na-emetụta ndị enweghị ike nke-isi usu awụgharị na iru nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ndị dị iche iche na iche iche. Ke adianade do, Red Army dị nnọọ enweghị ahụmahụ nke na-eduzi ndị dị otú ahụ nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ arụmọrụ, mgbe Wehrmacht bịara Soviet Union, ha nwere ọtụtụ mmeri na Europe. All a mere na-abaghị uru nke onuogugu na qualitative kara Soviet agha.

State iwu Ọdịdị a ghara ikwe na mgbe na-adịbeghị anya ada. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nwere ahụmahụ agha, gara aga gụnyere Civil War, ama gbara ala ma ọ bụ na-anọdụ ahụhụ. Nke a nwere ike imetụta otú ndị agha dị n'elu site Senno. The esi nke na ngwa ngwa na ihe ọjọọ mkpebi na mbụ ogbo agha bụ otú a dịgasị iche iche nke ndọghachi azụ na Western Front. Nke a na-emekarị agbasawo bụghị naanị na Lepel counter-agha, ma nakwa dum 1941 mkpọsa.

ọnwụ

Na okwu nke ọnwụ nke agha Senno 1941 kwekọrọ na-ahụkarị otosịrị iru nke agha. The Germany furu efu banyere 1 gburu 4 merụọ (ngụkọta weere dịrị 468 ndị mmadụ). Ọ furu efu banyere 50 nkeji nke akụrụngwa (tankị). Nnukwu losses mere na agha na 5th ígwè agha Senno banyere 7 - 9 July.

All ọzọ ọgụgụ ndị na-na Soviet agha. 5th na 7th ígwè agha tụfuru fọrọ nke nta niile nke ya tankị (a ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị 1000 nkeji, nke bụ banyere 20 ugboro ukwuu karịa nke onye iro). Ọbụna taa, akụkọ ihe mere eme kpọmkwem okpu iji chọpụta ihe mere na Usoro. The ọnụ ọgụgụ, nke dara n'ime Red Army iwu akụkọ mgbe na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi eziokwu, n'ihi nke a ha nwere ike ghara-ebelata ka German data.

Otú ọ dị, dị nnọọ maara na mgbe dechara tank agha na Senno 1941, nke 18 armored Division ọ dịghị onye nke 220 tankị, 14 - ostalos14 tankị, 13 5 tankị nke 393. n'otu oge ahụ, mma ọnọdụ ahụ na ụgbọala. Ka ihe atụ, 14 Division ekpe 34 ụgbọala na 475 ibu ụgbọala, nakwa dị ka 56 benzotsistern.

Reports na Facts

Personal ọnwụ nke Soviet agha, dị ka na ihe banyere German, na zuru nnabata ya na otosịrị iru-ezighị ezi maka USSR, 1941. Dị ka ihe atụ, dị ka ukara akụkọ n'ime otu 14-Panzer Division gburu 193 ndị mmadụ, nke merụrụ ahụ 359, na ihe karịrị 3 puku ndị mmadụ na-kọrọ efu. Otú ọ dị, ndị a onu ogugu enwere ugbua na-enyo enyo taa. Ha na-emegide eziokwu ahụ bụ na on July 25 njikere ndi agha bụ naanị 552 obere ogwe aka (égbè), ebe dị ka akụkọ na-enweghị replenishment n'ohu bụ ịnọgide n'ihi na ihe karịrị 5 puku ndị mmadụ.

Nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọchịchọ na-eduzi formations nwere ike kọwara nke eziokwu na site akụkọ hide na retouch ha ọdịda tupu ndị ọchịchị. Mgbe mbụ ogbo nke agha dị otú ahụ akụkọ ndị juru ebe nile. Ọ bụ sokwa, nakwa na agha Senno. The weere nke Red Army na Wehrmacht bụla ikpe ndị incommensurable, nakwa na a na ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị doro anya na-egosi na ọdachi nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya.