The usoro nke nkịtị nnu. Chemical usoro: nnu. Properties nke nnu

Sodium chloride - sodium chloride na-eji dị ka ihe mmako nri, nri egbochi mmebi. Ọ na-eji na chemical ụlọ ọrụ, na nkà mmụta ọgwụ. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe dị mkpa akụrụngwa n'ihi na mmepụta nke sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium na ndị ọzọ na bekee. Sodium nnu nke usoro - NaCl.

ionic nkekọ guzobere n'agbata sodium na chlorine

The chemical mejupụtara egosipụta sodium chloride nhazi usoro NaCl, nke na-enye otu echiche nke hà nọmba nke sodium na chlorine atọm. Ma umi na-adịghị kpụrụ diatomic ụmụ irighiri, na mee nke kristal. Na mmeghachi omume nke alkali metal na a siri ike sodium nonmetal atọm enye onye ọ bụla valence elektrọn ọzọ electronegative chlorine. Bilie sodium Na ⁺ cations na anions nke ihe acid fọduru nke hydrochloric acid cl ^-. Oppositely ebubo ahụ adọta ọ bụla ọzọ, na-akpụ a ihe onwunwe na ihe ionic crystalline lattice. Little sodium cations dị n'agbata isi anions nke chlorine. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oma ahụ esịnede sodium chloride hà ka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-adịghị mma, na umi bụ n'ozuzu na-anọpụ iche.

Chemical usoro. Nnu na halite

Salts - a mgbagwoju bekee nke ionic Ọdịdị ndi aha-amalite ebe a acidic fọduru. Sodium nnu nke usoro - NaCl. Geologists dị otú ahụ a ịnweta mejupụtara mara dị ka "halite", na sedimentary nkume - "oké nkume nnu". Deprecated chemical okwu na a na-eji na mmepụta - "sodium chloride". Nke a na umi bụ ka ndị mmadụ mara ebe ọ bụ na n'oge ochie, mgbe e weere a "na-acha ọcha gold". Ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ akwụkwọ na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agụ arụmarụ Jeremaya mere metụtara sodium chloride akpọ chemical akara ( "sodium chlorine").

Anyị na-ebu si dị mfe mgbawa na iji usoro ihe:

1) Mr (NaCl) = Ar (Na) + Ar (cl) = 22,99 + 35,45 = 58,44.

Ikwu molekụla uka nke 58.44 (dị ka amu).

2) molekụla ibu numerically hà ezengwenri uka, ma nke a buru ibu nwere nkeji g / mol M (NaCl) = 58,44 g / ahumachi.

3) A sample nke 100 g nnu nwere 60,663 g nke chlorine atọm na 39,337 g nke sodium.

Physical Njirimara nke nnu

Na-emebi emebi kristal nke halite - colorless ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha. Na ọdịdị, e nwekwara ego nke oké nkume nnu, na-ese na agba ntụ, odo ma ọ bụ-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ ịnweta umi nwere a red ndo n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ na ụdị adịghị. Halite ekweghị ekwe na Mohs ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ naanị 2-2.5, iko doo n'elu akara.

Ọzọ ahụ kwa nke sodium chloride:

• isi - anọghị;
• na-atọ - nnu;
• Njupụta - 2,165 g / cm 3 (20 ° C);
• Agbaze uche - 801 ° C;
• Esi ebe - 1413 ° C;
• solubility na mmiri - 359 g / l (25 ° C);

Nkwadebe nke sodium chloride na laabu

Site omume sodium metal na chlorine gas na tube a kpụrụ nke na-acha ọcha umi - sodium chloride NaCl (Formula nnu).

Chemistry enye otu echiche nke ndị dị iche iche Filiks maka akwadebe otu compound. Lee ihe atụ ụfọdụ:

Iche iche mmeghachi omume: NaOH (aq.) + HCl = NaCl + H ₂ O.

The redox mmeghachi omume n'etiti metal na acid:

2Na + 2HCl = 2NaCl + _H2O.

Ihe nke acid na metal oxide: Na ₂ O + 2HCl (aq.) = 2NaCl + H ₂ O

Ndahie nke a na-adịghị ike acid si ya salts ngwọta siri ike:

Na ₂ CO ₃ + 2HCl (aq.) = 2NaCl + H ₂ O + CO ₂ (gas).

-Eji na ihe ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ, ihe niile ndị a ụzọ ndị oke ọnụ na mgbagwoju.

Imewe nke nnu

Ebe ọ bụ na chi ọbụbọ nke mepere anya, ndị mmadụ matara na mgbe salting anụ na azụ echekwara aba. Uzo, mgbe nile ekara kristal halite-eji ụfọdụ oge ochie mba kama ego, ma ya na ibu ibu na gold. Chọọ na mmepe nke ego nke halite ekwe ka izute ndị na-eto eto mkpa nke ndị bi na ụlọ ọrụ. Ihe kacha mkpa eke na isi mmalite nke nnu:

• halite ịnweta ego na mba dị iche iche;
• mmiri nke oké osimiri, oké osimiri na nnu ọdọ mmiri;
• interlayer bee na nkume nnu dị n'ikperé mmiri nnu;
• halite kristal na mgbidi mgbawa ugwu craters;
• nnu marshes.

Na ụlọ ọrụ, e nwere ebe anọ isi ụzọ iji nweta sodium nnu:

• leaching nke ala halite oyi akwa, evaporation nke nke pụrụ ịkpata brine;
• Ngwuputa ke nnu mines;
• evaporation nke oké osimiri mmiri ma ọ bụ brine nke nnu ọdọ mmiri (77% site na ibu ibu nke akọrọ fọduru akaụntụ maka sodium chloride);
• Jiri byproduct nke desalination nke nnu mmiri.

The chemical Njirimara nke sodium chloride

Ya mejupụtara NaCl - bụ nkezi nnu kpụrụ na alkali na acid soluble. Sodium chloride - siri ike electrolyte. The mma n'etiti ion bụ elu na ọ nwere ike ime naanị ike pola solvents. Na mmiri, ion crystal lattice umi erekasịchaala hapụrụ cations na anions (Na ^+, cl ^-). Ọnụnọ ha bụ n'ihi na conductivity, nke nwere a sodium chloride ngwọta. The usoro na nke a na-e dere nakwa dị ka nkụ okwu - NaCl. Otu qualitative Jeremaya mere ka sodium cation - yellowing burner ire ọkụ. N'ihi na ibuo pụta aghaghị pịa net waya loop obere siri ike nnu na tinye na nke etiti nke ire ọkụ. Properties nnu anion nekeko na atụmatụ nke nke bụ na qualitative omume chloride ion. Site na mmeghachi omume na silver nitrate na ngwọta a na-acha ọcha ịkpali ọlaọcha chloride (foto). Hydrogen chloride nnu na a chụrụ ya ike acid karịa hydrochloric: 2NaCl + H ₂ NKE ₄ = Na ₂ NKE ₄ + 2HCl. N'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ nke sodium chloride dịghị enwe hydrolysis.

Fields nke ngwa nke oké nkume nnu

sodium chloride ebelata agbaze n'ókè nke ice, otú ahụ oyi na okporo ụzọ na ekwo ekwo a ngwakọta nke nnu na ájá. Ọ na-amịkọrọ a nnukwu ego nke adịghị n'oge agbaze mmebi osimiri na iyi. Road nnu accelerates corrosion usoro nke ụgbọala ozu imebi osisi a kụrụ n'akụkụ ụzọ. Na chemical ụlọ ọrụ, sodium chloride na-eji dị ka a akụrụngwa n'ihi a nnukwu ìgwè nke na:

• hydrochloric acid;
• dara sodium;
• gaseous chlorine;
• Caustic soda na ndị ọzọ na ogige.

Ọzọkwa, nnu na-eji na imewe nke ncha nke abịanyere, e ji esiji ákwà. Dị ka a nri nri ghara eji canning, pickling mushrooms, azu na akwụkwọ nri. Mbuso ọrịa nke thyroid gland na ndị bi na nke nkịtị nnu usoro na enriched site na-agbakwụnye a mma ayodiin ogige, n'ihi na ihe atụ, KIO _3, Eze, nai. Ndị dị otú ahụ nwekwara akwado thyroid hormone mmepụta, igbochi ọrịa jupụtara ejupụta goiter.

Pụtara nke sodium chloride na ahụ mmadụ

The usoro nke table nnu, ya mejupụtara ka enwetara oké mkpa ka ụmụ mmadụ ike. Sodium ion na-aka na nnyefe nke akwara esi gboo. The anions nke chlorine mkpa iji na-emepụta hydrochloric acid ke afo. Ma kwa na-elu ọdịnaya nke nnu na ihe oriri nwere ike iduga ọbara mgbali elu na n'ihe ize ndụ n'ihi na obi na vaskụla ọrịa. Na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, ihe a nnukwu ọbara ọnwụ na ọrịa ndinọ na n'ahụ saline. Iji nweta ya n'otu liter nke distilled mmiri na-etisasịwo 9 g nke sodium chloride. Ahụ mmadụ kwesịrị a na-aga n'ihu ọkọnọ nke ya na nri. Egosipụta site na nnu iche na akpụkpọ akụkụ. The nkezi ọdịnaya nke sodium chloride na ahụ mmadụ banyere 200 g kwa ụbọchị Europe na-eri banyere 2-6 grams nke sodium chloride, na-ekpo ọkụ mba ọnụ ọgụgụ n'elu na njikọ na a elu igba ajirija.