Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe ABS. Antilock braking System ABS. Gịnị bụ ABS na a ụgbọ ala?

Ihe ọ bụ ABS (Antilock breeki System), ma ọ bụ kama, otú kwesịrị ekwesị kọwara ihe ahụ acronym, a maara ugbu a na ọtụtụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala, ma na ọ bụ blocks, na ihe mere a na-eme, naanị mara nnọọ ọchịchọ ịmata ihe. Na nke a n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị dị otú a usoro a na ugbu a arụnyere na ọtụtụ ugbo ala ma dị na domestically emepụta.

ABS na-na metụtara braking usoro nke ụgbọ ala, n'ihi ya, nchekwa nke na-akwọ, njem, na niile gbara ya gburugburu n'ụzọ. Ya mere, mara otú ọ na-arụ ọrụ, ọ ga-abụ bara uru ka ọ bụla-akwọ ụgbọala. Ma mbụ, ịghọta ọrụ ABS, mkpa ka ị na-aghọta ihe ọ pụtara "ezi braking."

Ụkpụrụ nke "kwesịrị ekwesị braking"

Iji kwụsị ụgbọala, ọ bụghị iji na-adọ pịa na breeki pedal. Mgbe niile, ma ọ bụrụ na n'oge a ngwa ngwa Mbo breeki sharply, wiil nke igwe na-egbochi na-agakwaghị tụgharịa na slide n'okporo ụzọ. O nwere ike ime na n'okpuru niile na taya n'elu ga-abụ otu ihe ahụ edo, ya mere ha ife efe ọsọ ga-adị iche, na nke a dị ize ndụ. The igwe gakwaghị na-achịkwa ma na-ga-aga n'ime a skid, nke, na-anọghị nke nkà nke onye na-akwọ ya, ọ ga-esi ike ịchịkwa. Na-enweghịkwa nchịkwa ụgbọ ala - na ọ bụ a nwere isi iyi nke ihe ize ndụ.

Ya mere isi ihe na braking - ọ bụghị ihe siri ike igbachi wiil na-aga na-achịkwaghị achịkwa skid. Iji mee nke a, e nwere a mfe atọ - intermittent braking. Iji mezuo ya, ọ dịghị mkpa na-breeki pedal mgbe niile ndị dara mbà n'obi, na mgbe ụfọdụ ka na-aga na pịa ya ọzọ (dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na n'ikwe). Nke a yiri mfe edinam gaghị ida akara nke ụgbọ ala ọkwọ ụgbọ ala, n'ihi na ọ dịghị ekwe ka ndị zọcha nke taya ida traction.

Ma e nwekwara a ọjọọ ụmụ mmadụ na-akpata - onye na-akwọ na ihe mberede ọnọdụ pụrụ nnọọ fuo ma chefuo banyere niile iwu. Ebe a maka dị otú ahụ ikpe, na echepụta site ABS, ma ọ bụ ụzọ ọzọ - mgbochi mkpọchi braking system.

Gịnị bụ ABS (ABS)

Na a dị mfe nkọwa, ABS usoro bụ ihe electromechanical unit na akara ụgbọala deceleration usoro na ike n'okporo ụzọ ọnọdụ (ice, udu mmiri n'okporo ụzọ na na. P.).

ABS - a ọma nnyemaaka maka ọkwọ ụgbọala, karịsịa a mbido, ma mkpa ka ị na-aghọta na ọ bụ naanị na-enyere aka na ijikwa a igwe na-adịghị jikwaa ya, n'ihi ya ịdabere na "antiblock" adịghị mkpa. Onye na-akwọ mkpa inyocha ala ụgbọ ala gị, ya na omume na-aga, mgbe na otú itinye brek nke ABS, ihe braking anya na dị iche iche na-ebupụta. N'eziokwu, a ga-enyocha on a raara onwe ya nye circuit izere n'ihu nsogbu a ụzọ.

Ihe yiri nke ahụ, ma ọ bụghị ABS

The mbụ usoro, mmetụta nke nke dị ka ụkpụrụ nke ABS, pụtara na mmalite nke narị afọ gara aga, ma ha na-bu n'obi ugbo elu ọdịda gia. A yiri nke ahụ, ma akpakanamde usoro, e mepụtara site na "Bosch", mepụtara patent nke ha natara na 1936. Otú ọ dị, ngwaọrụ n'ezie na-arụ ọrụ a na nkà na ụzụ nwere ike ime eme na na 60s, mgbe ndị mbụ Semiconductors na kọmputa. Na ha onwe ha ike a prototype nke ABS, na mgbakwunye na nke "Bosch", chọ ọbụna "General Motors", "General Electric", "Lincoln", "Chrysler" na ndị ọzọ.

The mbụ ụgbọ ala brek

• Na United States, nke bụ ABS, ma ọ bụ kama, ya ezigbo analogue, ndị nwe mụtara "Lincoln" ụgbọ ala na 1970. The na akpaaka usoro e arụnyere, nke ụlọ ọrụ "Ford" injinia malitere imepe dị ka n'oge dị 1954, na-enwe ike "na-echetara" naanị na 70 nke.
• A usoro yiri ABS na UK ewepụtala a General Electric ọnụ na Dunlop. Odomo ya na egwuregwu ụgbọ ala Jenssen FF, na ọ mere na 1966.
• Na Europe, banyere echiche nke "mgbochi mkpọchi usoro nke ụgbọ ala," Heinz mụtara site Liberia, nke na-ewe ya mmepe na 1964, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye engineer na Teldix GmbH, na okokụre na 1970, a na-ama na-arụ ọrụ Diamler-Benz. Guzosie Ike ha ABS-1 nwalere na imekọ ihe ọnụ na Bosch. Bosch, n'aka, wuru ya zuru ABS-2, nke na 1978 mbụ guzosie ike na "Mercedes" na W116, a afọ ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị na BMW-7. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na elu na-eri nke a ọhụrụ braking usoro, ọ na-eji nanị dị ka otu nhọrọ.

Full Oghere Usoro mmepụta nke ụgbọala na "antiblock" malitere na 1992. Ọ malitere iji wụnye ha na ngwaahịa ndị bụ isi na automakers. Na ugbua na 2004 nke a usoro malitere iji kwadebe niile ụgbọala na-abịa anya ebu European ụlọ mmepụta ihe.

Na ihe nke mgbochi mkpọchi usoro

Theoretically ABS imewe anya dị mfe ma na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ ihe:

• otu kọmputa akara unit.
• Sensọ ịchịkwa ọsọ.
• Hydraulic unit.

The akara unit (Cu), n'ezie, bụ "ụbụrụ" nke usoro (kọmputa), na otú ọ ọrụ, ụfọdụ kwere nghọta, ma na-agba ihe mmetụta na haịdrọlik unit mkpa nke ikwu okwu ọzọ.

The na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ nke ndị na-agba ihe mmetụta

The ọrụ nke njikwa ọsọ ihe mmetụta bụ ihe akpa itinye n'ọkwa mmetụta. Eriri igwe na a magnetik isi na-fixedly n'ịnyịnya na wheel ehiwe (ụfọdụ ụdị - a mbanye axle reducer).

The ehiwe ndokwasa a mgbanaka gia n'usoro ọnụ na wheel. Adiana nke okpueze agbanwe afọ nke ndọta, nke na-eduga ná omume nke electric ịtụnanya. The ego nke ugbu a, karị, na-adabere na wheel-agba. Na, dabere na ya bara uru, a mgbaàmà na-eme nke a na-ebute site ná akara unit.

Hydraulic unit

Hydraulic unit na-agụnye:

• Solenoid valves nke bụ divisible site n'ọnu-miri na tinyekwa na-e ka ịhazie mgbali site na breeki cylinders nke ụgbọala. Number nke valvụ na abụọ na-adabere n'ụdị nke brek.
• Mgbapụta (na-ekwe omume nke reverse nri) - nfuli ezi mgbali na usoro, udia a breeki ọmụmụ si accumulator, na-ahọpụta ya azụ mgbe ọ dị mkpa.
• Accumulator - nchekwa maka breeki ọmụmụ.

ABS, na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ

E nwere atọ isi n'ụzọ nke ABS:

1. Pressure enyemaka na breeki cylinder.
2. Ịnọgide mgbali na cylinder.
3. Ịba nsogbu na breeki cylinder ahụ chọrọ larịị.

Mbụ niile, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na haịdrọlik unit ike n'ime ụgbọ ala na braking usoro anọgide, dị n'azụ isi breeki cylinder. A solenoid valves bụ a ụdị valvụ, oghere na mmechi nke ọmụmụ ohere ka wheel breeki cylinders.

Ime ihe na-achịkwa nke ụgbọala braking usoro ẹkenịmde, dị na data nwetara site na akara unit ABS ọsọ sensọ.

Mgbe mmalite nke ABS braking agụ agụ si wheel sensọ, na ụgbọala na-agba nwayọọ nwayọọ mbelata. Ọ bụrụ na ụfọdụ n'ime wiil kwụsịrị (top slide), ọsọ mmetụta ozugbo eziga a mgbaàmà na ECU. Mgbe anata ya, akara unit activates iyuzucha valvụ nke nkanka ọmụmụ ohere ka wheel breeki cylinder na mgbapụta ozugbo amalite ya nhọrọ, na-alọghachi accumulator, si otú ahụ wepụ mkpọchi. Mgbe adiana nke wheel karịa a gaghị agara ịgba ọsọ, "antiblock", ekpuchi tinyekwa oghere na n'ọnu-miri valvụ, activates na mgbapụta, nke na-agba ndị na-abụghị direction, ese mgbali na breeki cylinder, si otú braking na wheel. All Filiks na-rụrụ ozugbo (4-10 reps / sec.), Na-anọ ruo mgbe igwe-akwụsị.

The n'elu ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke ABS na-ezo aka ihe ndị kasị elu - 4-ọwa usoro na bụ iche iche akara ụkwụ nke ọ bụla nke a ụgbọala, ma e nwere ndị ọzọ ụdị "antiblock".

Ndị ọzọ ụdị ABS

Atọ-ọwa ABS - ụdị usoro nwere atọ ọsọ ihe mmetụta: abụọ n'ịnyịnya na n'ihu wiil, na nke atọ - na n'azụ axle. N'ihi ya, haịdrọlik unit mejupụtara atọ na abụọ nke valves. Ụkpụrụ nke ABS nke ụdị bụ ikewa akara nke ọ bụla nke n'ihu wiil na n'azụ ụzọ.

Dual brek - dị otú ahụ a usoro bụ a paired akara wiil nke dị n'otu osisi.

Single-ọwa ABS - mmetụta na-n'elu n'azụ axle, ma na-ekesa braking ike niile anọ wiil n'out oge. Ndị dị otú ahụ a usoro mejupụtara otu ụzọ nke valves (oriri na iyuzucha). mgbali bụ otu mgbanwe ofụri circuit.

Atụnyere ụdị "antiblock", o nwere ike kwubiri na ihe dị iche n'etiti ha bụ ego nke njikwa ọsọ na sensọ, karị, valves, ma n'ozuzu, ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke ụgbọala brek, iji nke Filiks aa na ya, bụ ndị yiri n'ihi na ụdị na usoro.

Olee otú ndị ABS ma ọ bụ na ezigbo braking

Ikpebi kwụsị ala ụgbọ ala gị na-onwem na ABS, onye na-akwọ mwute na breeki pedal, na-ele ka ọ na-amalite jijiji ubé (vibration nwere ike so ndị e ji mara olu "ratchet" reminiscent nke ụda). Nke a na ụdị akụkọ usoro na ọ akwụ. Sensọ na-agụ na-agba arụmọrụ. The akara unit nachi mgbali na breeki cylinders, na-egbochi wiil igbachi elu tightly, na a ngwa ngwa "-achịkwaghị achịkwa" podtormazhivaya ha. N'ihi ya, ụgbọ ala nwayọọ nwayọọ slows ala na-aga skidding, ma si otú na-anọgide gh. Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ụzọ bụ na-amị amị, onye na-akwọ na ndị dị otú ahụ braking naanị ike ịchịkwa ntụziaka nke ije nke igwe ka a zuru ezu na-akwụsị. N'ihi ya, ekele ABS, ọ na-enyo zuru okè, na ọtụtụ ihe - achịkwa braking.

N'ezie, mgbochi mkpọchi usoro ukwuu mmemmem ndụ nke na-akwọ, mfe ma na-amụba arụmọrụ nke braking usoro. Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere ọtụtụ-adịghị emezi emezi na mkpa ka ị mara na-gaa na akaụntụ na omume.

ọghọm ABS

Isi mwepu nke ABS bụ na ya irè adabere n'ụzọ ọnọdụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ụzọ n'elu bụ mkpumkpu, bumpy elu, ụgbọ ala braking anya ga-aba karịa na mbụ. Ihe kpatara nke a bụ na n'oge braking wheel oge tụfuru traction (jumps) na akwụsị ịtụ. Nke a na-akwụsị wheel ABS banyere dị ka a mkpọchi, na-akwụsị braking. Ma Mbelata na kọntaktị na ụzọ kpọmkwem breeki ngwa agaghịkwa kwekọrọ na nke kacha, usoro nwere na-reconstructed ọzọ, na a oge na-egbughị, n'ihi na nke enwekwu braking anya. Belata a mmetụta nwere ike ịbụ, na-ebelata igwe ọsọ.

Ọ bụrụ na ụzọ mkpuchi abụghị edo, na nwetụ ngalaba, dị ka snow dochie ice, ice - korota, mgbe ahụ ice ọzọ, wdg dị otú ahụ, na-ada na-amị amị òkè, ABS, eleru mkpuchi eji n'okpuru ya braking usoro n'oge Transition .. na-agbanye "antiblock" ọzọ nwere na-reconstructed, dị ka họrọ braking ike a na-amị amị n'elu na-agbanye na-aghọ dị irè, ọ na-enwekwu ogologo nke braking ụzọ.

Na rụrụ ala ABS-adịghị "enyi", na nke a, na nkịtị braking usoro na-arụ ọrụ ka mma ka a kpọchiri wheel n'okpuru braking lie ya n'ala, akpụ ya ụzọ Uphill, na-egbochi n'ihu N'ezie, na accelerates ụgbọ ala kwụsị.

Na ala "antiblock" gbapụrụ ọsọ n'ozuzu nkwarụ. Ya mere, mgbe na-akwọ ụgbọala na a na-amị amị ụzọ na-aga downhill, ị mkpa ka a kwadebere maka wetara oge, na na-na na mma "breeki aka", nke ike-eji ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.

Ná mmechi, anyị mara na ABS bụ maa a ọma adianade a braking usoro na-enye gị ohere iji zere adịkwa akara nke ụgbọ ala n'okpuru braking. Otú ọ dị, onye kwesịrị icheta mgbe nile na usoro ihe a abụghị ime ihe nile, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ pụrụ ịbụ a egbu.