"Union nke atọ eze ukwu": iji mezuo iwu ma ọ bụ mkpa maka mba ọzọ amụma?

The njedebe nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ na Europe ji nnukwu ala-territorial na geopolitical mgbanwe, dị ka a n'ihi nke mmeri nke France site Prussia bilie ọtụtụ ma dị ike German Alaeze Ukwu, na-adịghị ike ghọrọ ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman, nke ka na-adịkwaghị na bukwanu ala ojiji. Ihe ndị a nile nwere ume Russia ịchọ ụzọ isi ike ya ọnọdụ na mba arena. Otu N'ihi ya nke a nnyocha bụ ihe e kere eke nke "Union nke atọ eze ukwu".

Europe site na njedebe nke XIX na narị afọ

Ihe nke ikpeazụ atọ nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ, webata mba ọzọ amụma nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu, mgbe nile na-echegbu onwe ha nchekwa na mmetụta. Mgbe imeri ke Crimea War, na mba wezugara onwe ya n'aka a nnukwu European ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-elekwasị anya na idozi ụlọ nsogbu. Ọ amịghịkwa pụta - nwayọọ nwayọọ na ụba ya aku na uba na agha muscle. Ma na-emegide ndị na-arahụ ụra. N'ihi nke ngwangwa Franco-Prussian War, France nwa oge kwụsịrị ịdị adị dị ka a siri ike na-eru n'okwu na steeti, na Russia bụ na ya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ala a dị ike na-eme ihe ike ike mmụta - na German Alaeze Ukwu. The eziokwu gosiri na o na-guzobe nke Austria na German mmekorita, nke ozokwa nwere ike siere ọnọdụ nke mba anyị. The ọchịchị nke Alexander II maara nke ọma banyere nke a iyi egwu. Agbalị izere ya, Russian diplomacy azụlitewo a feverish ọrụ. Active tripartite consultations nke ndị mba ọzọ na-eje ozi na eze onwe ha gosiri na ụwa na "Union nke atọ eze ukwu", 1873.

Okwu nke nkwekọrịta na ya kachasi mkpa

Ya mere, chie Russia, Germany na Austria-Hungarian Empire banye a mmekota, ma ọ bụrụ na i lee anya na zuru ezu na nkwekọrịta nkebi ahịrịokwu, ọ na-aghọ doro anya na ya ukwuu n'ime declarative. N'ezie, nke a na mmekorita na-enye naanị atọ n'akụkụ kwere nkwa iji kpochapụ ha iche na enyemaka nke ndụmọdụ, mgbe nke-anọ n'akụkụ iyi egwu nke ime ihe ike na-arụ ọrụ a ụzọ map. Dị ka a pụrụ hụrụ, onye ọ bụla nke ndị ọzọ na-agbụ. Otú ọ dị, onye ọ bụla n'akụkụ, aga-eme ka ụfọdụ ohere, na-achụso ihe mgbaru ọsọ ha. Russia ga-enweta a reprieve maka ya isi mmekorita na Europe - France, na ghara ẹkenịmde njigide na German-Austrian mmekorita, Austria-Hungary na-ele anya site na nkwekọrịta a na-ewusi ya itie ke Balkan Peninsula. Germany zubere site a nkwekọrịta ka e meere a ohere ihe megide France. The n'ihu N'ezie nke akụkọ ihe mere eme gosiri ephemerality nke niile na-atụ anya. Na 1875, e nwere a na-akawanye njọ nke Franco-German mmekọahụ, Germany bụ banyere ahụhụ intransigent agbata obi, ma Russia kwuru na ọ ga-ekwe ka re-na mmeri nke France. Nke a nyeere Bismarck na chagrin akpọ "Union nke atọ eze ukwu" efu na-abaghị uru mpempe akwụkwọ.

Arụmụka ọzọ na-na nkwekọrịta

N'adịghị ka ihe niile na-atụ anya, mkpakọrịta a ka e kee maka a ogologo oge, na-enye ọbụna na ghostly, ma ka udo na Central Europe. Ke mbubreyo 70 ies nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ, mmekọahụ n'etiti Germany na Russia na-aghọ esiwanye ọjọọ. Mpụga nkwa nke ọbụbụenyi na ọmịiko mba anyị si Germany-emegide eziokwu, ọ na-akpata iwe na ibu iro na St. Petersburg megide Berlin. Alexander III na oge nke accession ocheeze enwetela nyere mgbochi German mmetụta. N'agbanyeghị ihe ndị ahụ echiche, ọhụrụ eze ukwu gara eme nkwekọrịta. The isi nke ọhụrụ nkwekọrịta bụ ndoputa na ọ bụrụ na agha na ndị Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu 's na-anọpụ iche na-ekpebisi ike site na pụrụ iche nkwekọrịta, hypothetical mgbanwe ókè nke magburu Porte kwesịrị naanị ime na nkwenye nke niile ọzọ nke mmekota. "Union nke atọ eze ukwu" 1881-1894 afọ nọ n'okpuru a echiche bụ isi nke containment nke Germany na Austrians, n'ihi na oge Russia ọzọ irè ụzọ nnọọ bụghị

The mgbanwe ke geopolitical ọnọdụ

Ka ọ dịgodị, na itule ike gbanwere. Na 1882, Germany, Italy na Austria-Hungary kwubiri a agha-njikọ aka ọchịchị, we rida na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka "Triple Alliance". Nke a mmekota expressly na-achọ ndị ọzọ kwubiri na ọ agha nkwado site niile n'aka. The mbụ mmekorita e eduzi megide French, nke abụọ - megide Russia, Balkan, na ịma aka na Austria-Hungary bịara ọzọ ọzọ nnukwu. Na St. Petersburg, ọ na-ọma ghọtara, ntre ke 1887, mba anyị wee ọgwụgwụ nke a nzuzo nkwekorita na Germany. The na-akpọ "reinsurance Treaty" kwesŽrŽ na-anọpụ iche na ikpe nke na agha na a atọ mba, ma ọ kwetara na a na-adịghị emetụta ikpe nke Franco-German na Russian-Austrian agha. N'ihi ya, "Union nke atọ eze ukwu" na-agwụ ike a mma akụ.

Na eve nke a isi agha

Ndị a nkwekọrịta ndị ahụ bụ maka Russian Alaeze Ukwu nwa oge. Ná mmalite 90-ies nke XIX narị afọ ọ bụ ihe arụ ka Europe ihe omume - na absolutist Russia mere njikọ aka ha na Republican France. Diplomatic ngalaba iso probing ekwe omume ụzọ nke rapprochement na Britain. Na kasị "ekaufọk nke oké osimiri," maara nke ọma na iwu nke mara mma iche na-abịa na njedebe nakwa na ha nwere ọzọ metụtara na Russia, kama na Austria na German Bloc. Ogologo diplomatic mkparita uka na-emezughị, ya mere, a abụọ agha-na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Bloc "Entente", gụnyere Russia, England na France. Ma, "Union nke atọ eze ukwu" keere a akụkọ ihe mere eme ọrụ na-echebekwa udo Europe, nke ikpeazụ atọ nke XIX na narị afọ