Writer Helena Blavatsky - nchoputa nke Theosophical Society. Biography, creativity

Writer Helena Blavatsky mụrụ July 31, 1831, n'obodo Ekaterinoslav (ugbu a Dnepropetrovsk). O nwere ezigbo ihe usoro ọmụmụ. Nna nna ya hà maara e-ekwuchitere mba na-isi. Nwa nwanne nna Helena - Sergey Yulevich Vitte - o jere ozi dị ka Minister nke Finance nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu si 1892 na 1903.

Family na Nwata

Mgbe a mụrụ nke Helena Blavatsky nwere a German aha Gan, nke ọ ketara n'aka nna-ya. N'ihi na eziokwu na ọ bụ ndị agha, ndị ezinụlọ nwere mgbe niile akpali gburugburu mba (Saint-Petersburg, Saratov, Odessa, na na. D.). Na 1848, ọ na-emekwa ụfọdụ na Nikifor Blavatsky - gọvanọ Erivan n'ógbè. Otú ọ dị, alụmdi na nwunye ha ruo ogologo oge. A ọnwa ole na ole mgbe agbamakwụkwọ Helena Blavatsky gbapụrụ ya na di ya, na mgbe ahụ wee kpafuo gburugburu ụwa. The mbụ item njem ya ghọrọ Constantinople (Istanbul).

Helena Blavatsky banyere Russia na ya na nwata afọ n'ala nna ya na-echeta na ịhụnanya. The ezinụlọ nyere ya na ihe niile ị chọrọ inye àgwà akụziri.

Ejegharị ejegharị na-eto eto

Na Turkish isi obodo, na-girl e kwere nkwa ọlụlụ site eziokwu na ọgbọ egwuregwu na-agba. Mgbe site na mberede ọ nyawara ya ogwe aka, Elena kpebiri ịkwaga London. The ego o nwere: ya onwe-akwụ na natara remittances zitere nna ya Petrom Alekseevichem Ganom.

Ebe ọ bụ na Helena Blavatsky edebeghi a edetu, ya akara aka na-ekwu na n'oge njem nnọọ n'ụzọ doro anya. Ọtụtụ n'ime ya biographers ekwekọrịtaghị, ebe ọ gara, na nke ụzọ gasị nanị asịrị.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, na-eme nnyocha banyere na na na njedebe nke 40s onye dere gara Egypt. Ihe kpatara nke a mmasị malite na My Chemical Romance na Freemasonry. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị òtù-anọ ọnọdụ abalị nwere na ha ọba akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ, chọrọ ịgụ, nke gụnyere olu nke onye Ijipt "Book of the Dead," "Usoro nke Nazareth", "Amamihe nke Solomon", wdg N'ihi na-edo nkume, e nwere isi ihe abụọ na ime mmụọ center - .. Egypt na India. Ọ bụ ya na mba ndị a metụtara na ọtụtụ researches na Blavatsky, gụnyere "Isis kpughere." Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-ede a n'akwụkwọ n'oge agadi ya. Ya-eto eto, na-girl nweela ahụmahụ na bara uru ihe ọmụma ozugbo n'ime ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche ụwa omenala.

Bịarutere Cairo, Elena gara Sahara desert na-amụ ndị Ijipt oge ochie mmepeanya. Ndị a nwere ihe ọ bụla na-eme na Arab, onye chịrị ọtụtụ narị afọ na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Naịl. Ihe Ọmụma nke ndị Ijipt oge ochie na-ekesa na a dịgasị iche iche nke na-achị - si mgbakọ na mwepụ na nkà ọgwụ. Ha bụ ndị na isiokwu nke nlezianya na-amụ Helena Blavatsky.

Mgbe na Ijipt bụ Europe. Ebe ọ ga-ebibi art. Karịsịa, ọ were piano ihe site ama Bohemian virtuoso Ignatsa Moshelesa. Na ahụmahụ, ọ mụrụ ọha concerts na European n'isi obodo.

Na 1851, Helena Blavatsky pobyla na London. N'ebe ahụ, ọ bụ ike izute maka oge mbụ na a n'ezie Indian. Ha Mahatma Morya. Otú ọ dị, ka ụbọchị hụrụ dịghị ihe àmà nke ịdị adị nke onye a. Ọ pụrụ ịbụ ihe nro Blavatsky, na-eme dị iche iche emume naanị ndị anabatara ma theosophical n'ememe.

Agbanyeghị, Mahatma Morya bụ n'ike mmụọ nsọ n'ihi Helen. Na 50 afọ na ọ bụ na Tibet, ebe ọ na-amụ obodo anwansi. Dị ka dị iche iche kwuru nke na-eme nnyocha, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky nọ n'ebe dị ka afọ asaa, na mgbe ụfọdụ na-aga iji gaa n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa, gụnyere United States.

Guzobe nke Theosophical ozizi

Ọ bụ n'oge ndị a afọ kpụrụ ozizi na ndị sị na kwalitere na odide ya Helena Petrovna Blavatsky. Ọ bụ a peculiar ụdị theosophy. Dị ka ya, na mkpụrụ obi mmadụ na-n'otu na chi. Nke a pụtara na ụwa, e nwere ụfọdụ ihe ọmụma n'ofè sayensị nke na-dị naanị na J.Randall ma mara. Ọ bụ otu ụdị nke okpukpe syncretism - a cross n'etiti ọtụtụ omenala na myths nke mba dị iche iche na onye na-ezi ihe. Nke a abụghị ihe ijuanya, ebe Blavatsky etinye obi gị dum na ihe ọmụma nke ọtụtụ mba ebe ọ gara na ya na nwata.

Nnukwu mmetụta Helen nwere Indian nkà ihe ọmụma, nke ghọrọ usoro na-akpa iche ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ. Blavatsky, Theosophy-gụnyere okpukpe Buddha na Brahmanism, ewu ewu n'etiti ndị dị iche iche nke India. Na-ezi ihe Helen iji okwu bụ "kama" na "ịlọ ụwa". Theosophy ozizi mmetụta dị otú ahụ na ndị a ma ama dị ka Mahatma Gandhi, Nikolay Rerih na Wassily Kandinsky.

Tibet

Na 50s Russia oge (ka i mbata) gara Helena Blavatsky. Biography nwaanyị tụrụ ndị obodo n'ihu ọha. O ji ọtụtụ mmadụ jupụtara seances, nke ghọrọ-ewu ewu na St. Petersburg. Ná mmalite 60s ọ gara Caucasus, na Middle East na Greece. Mgbe ahụ, ọ gbalịrị oge mbụ na-ahazi a otu nke na-eso ụzọ na-akpakọrịta. Na Cairo, ọ malitere ọrụ. Ya mere, e a "Spiritist Society". Otú ọ dị, ọ adịteghị, ma ọ bụ ọzọ na-akwụghachi ụgwọ.

Nke a sochiri ọzọ ogologo njem Tibet - mgbe Blavatsky gara Laos na Karakoram n'ugwu. Ọ bụ ike ileta cloister, ebe ọ dịghị onye na-arahụ n'ihu ihe ọ bụla Europe. Ma ndị dị otú bụ ọbịa nke Helena Blavatsky.

Akwụkwọ nwaanyị nwere ọtụtụ ebe e kwuru banyere Tibetan omenala na ndụ Buddha n'ụlọ nsọ. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka bara uru ihe e nwetara, nke na-esịne ke mbipụta "Voice of nkịtị."

Maruuru Genri Olkottom

Na afọ 70 ahụ nke Helena Blavatsky, onye nkà ihe ọmụma ghọrọ-ewu ewu, malitere arụmọrụ nkwusa na ime mmụọ nkụzi. Mgbe ahụ ọ kwagara United States, ebe ọ natara ya ụmụ amaala na naturalization usoro wee ebe. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-aghọ a isi mmekorita nke Genri STIL Olcott.

Ọ bụ ọkàiwu, natara n'usoro nke ndị agha n'oge American Civil War. Ọ họpụtara kọmishọna nke War Ministry ichoputa ure na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ezitekwara mgbọ. Mgbe agha, ọ malitere a ọma ọkàiwu na a so na New York Collegium, nwere ikike. Ya iche iche na-agụnye ụtụ isi, ụgwọ na ihe onwunwe mkpuchi.

Ewebata Olcott mgbaasị mere laa azụ na 1844. Ọtụtụ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ hụrụ Helena Blavatsky, nke gara njem nke ụwa ma na-akụzi. Ọ na-nyeere ya na-amalite ide ọrụ mgbe ọ ama ọbọ ka ihe odide "Isis kpughere."

Theosophical otu

November 17, 1875 Helena Blavatsky na Genri Olkott tọrọ ntọala Theosophical Society. Ya isi ebumnobi ya bụ ọchịchọ dịrị n'otu dị ka kpọrọ ndị mmadụ gburugburu ụwa, n'agbanyeghị agbụrụ, mmekọahụ, caste na okwukwe. N'ihi na nke a na-arụ ọrụ na-amụ na tụnyere nke ndị dị iche iche na sayensị, okpukpe na nkà ihe ọmụma na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ na-haziri. All nke a mere iji mara ndị na-amaghị ka ụmụ mmadụ iwu nke ọdịdị na eluigwe na ala. All ndị a ihe mgbaru ọsọ na-enshrined ke Charter nke Theosophical Society.

Na mgbakwunye na founders, ọ were a ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọ bụ Thomas Edison - .. entrepreneur na nchepụta, Uilyam Kruks (President nke Royal Society, mmiri ọgwụ), French-enyocha mbara igwe Camille Flammarion, astrologer na occultist Maks Gendel, wdg The Theosophical Society aghọwo a ikpo okwu maka ọgụgụ isi arụmụka na esemokwu.

Malite na-ede ọrụ

Na-agbasa ozizi nke nzukọ, Blavatsky na Olcott na 1879 gara India. N'oge a na-ede akwụkwọ ọrụ Elena booming. First, nwaanyị anya ebipụta akwụkwọ ọhụrụ. Nke abuo, o guzosie ike ya dị ka a miri emi na-akpali onye so dee. Ya talent e ekele na Russia, ebe Blavatsky e biri ebi na "Moscow Gazette" na "Russian Journal". N'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụ na nchịkọta akụkọ nke ya magazine "Theosophist". Na ya, n'ihi na ihe atụ, mbụ pụtara na English translation nke isi nke asụsụ nke Dostoevsky si nchụàjà "The Brothers Karamazov." Ọ bụ ilu nke Grand njụta okwukwe - a Central nwunye nke akwụkwọ ikpeazụ nke oké Russian dere.

Travel Blavatsky kpụrụ ndabere nke ya memoirs na njem ndetu, bipụtara dị iche iche akwụkwọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, ngwaahịa "ebo sli Blue Mountain" na "oké ọhịa si n'ọgba na Indian n'ógbè buru ibu." Na 1880, okpukpe Buddha na-aghọ ndị ọhụrụ ihe nke ọmụmụ, nke e duziri Helena Blavatsky. Nyocha maka ya ọrụ bipụtara dị iche iche akwụkwọ akụkọ na anthologies. Iji mụta banyere okpukpe Buddha dị ukwuu dị ka o kwere omume, Blavatsky na Olcott gara Ceylon.

"Isis kpughere"

"Isis kpughere" bụ ndị mbụ bụ isi akwụkwọ, bipụtara Helena Blavatsky. Ọ we si ná mpịakọta abụọ na 1877 na ẹdude a nnukwu esite nke ihe ọmụma ma na-atụgharị na emume naanị ndị anabatara na nkà ihe ọmụma.

Na-ede na-agbalị jiri ọtụtụ oge ochie ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na Middle Ages na Renaissance. The ederede ẹdude a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke njikọ na-arụ ọrụ nke Pythagoras, Plato, Giordano Bruno, Paracelsus na t. D.

Ke adianade do, "Isis" atụle ozizi okpukpe: okpukpe Hindu, okpukpe Buddha, Christianity, Zoroaster. Ná mmalite turu ime ka a akwụkwọ nyochaa nke Eastern ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma. Malitere ọrụ na eve nke isi nke Theosophical Society. The nzukọ nke a Ọdịdị egbu oge ntọhapụ ngwaahịa. Nanị otu ugboro na New York, a mara ọkwa na nguzobe nke ije, malitere ọzụzụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na-arụ ọrụ na-ede akwụkwọ. Blavatsky ifịk ifịk nyeere Genri Olkott, onye bụ n'oge ahụ ghọrọ ya isi mmekorita na collaborator.

Ka ọ na recollected onwe ya a na mbụ ọkàiwu, mgbe n'ihu Blavatsky na-arụ ọrụ dị otú ahụ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na ntachi obi. N'eziokwu, ọ chịkọtara na ọrụ ya niile multi-faceted ahụmahụ e nwetara ọtụtụ afọ nke na-eme njem dị iche iche na nkuku nke ụwa.

The akwụkwọ na mbụ kpọrọ ndị "isi ihe omimi ọnụ ụzọ ámá", dị ka akwụkwọ kwuru na a akwụkwọ ozi Aleksandru Aksakovu. Mgbe e mesịrị, e kpebiri na aha mbụ olu dị ka "ákwà nke Isis." Otú ọ dị, British nkwusa, na-arụ ọrụ na mbipụta mbụ, m chọpụtara na na aha nke akwụkwọ bụ ugbu a (ọ bụ na ọtụtụ theosophical okwu). Ya mere, ndị ikpeazụ version of "Isis kpughere" e kuchiri. Ọ gosipụtara okorobịa na mmasị Blavatsky ka omenala oge ochie Egypt.

The akwụkwọ nwere ọtụtụ echiche na ihe mgbaru ọsọ. Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, ndị ọkà mmụta nke Blavatsky dị iche iche chepụtara ha. Dị ka ihe atụ, ihe mbụ n'akwụkwọ na United Alaeze ẹdude a okwu mmalite site nkwusa. Na ya, ọ na-agwa onye na-agụ na akwụkwọ nwere a nnọọ ukwuu nke na isi mmalite nke theosophy na anwansi, nke naanị dị na akwụkwọ tupu. Nke a pụtara na onye na-agụ nwere ike na-dị ka nso ịza ajụjụ nke ịdị adị nke nzuzo ihe ọmụma na-eje ozi dị ka isi iyi nke okpukpe nile na òtù nzuzo nke ndị dị iche iche nke ụwa.

Aleksandr Senkevich (otu n'ime ndị kasị na-akwanyere ùgwù na-eme nnyocha Blavatsky Bibliography) ya chepụtara ozi bụ isi nke "Isis kpughere." N'akwụkwọ ya na biography nke onye dere ya, ọ kọwara na akwụkwọ a bụ ihe atụ nke na-akatọ ndị chọọchị nzukọ, collection of chepụtara banyere psychic phenomena na nzuzo nke okike. "Isis," explores ihe omimi nke Kabbalistic ozizi, emume naanị ndị anabatara echiche nke okpukpe Buddha, nakwa dị ka ha echiche na Christianity na ndị ọzọ na ụwa okpukpe. Sienkiewicz-e kwuru na Blavatsky ike iji gosipụta ịdị adị nke keabaghi uru bekee.

Akpan akpan anya na-akwụ ụgwọ ka nzuzo ọha mmadụ. Ọ edo nkume na Jesuit. Ihe ọmụma ha ghọọ tụụrụ n'ala, nke na-eji Helena Blavatsky. Quotes si "Isis" mesịa massively egosi na mgbaasị na theosophical odide nke ya na-eso ụzọ.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị mbụ mbipụta na-elekwasị anya na-amụ sayensị, nke abụọ, na Kama nke ahụ, na-ewere na nkà mmụta okpukpe ajụjụ. Na okwu mmalite ahụ, na-ede akwụkwọ kwuru na ndị agha nke abụọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ bụ isi ihe na ihe ọmụma nke ụwa iji.

Blavatsky katọrọ tesis nke ihe ọmụma sayensị na onye na-adịghị na ime mmụọ. Onye dere na oyom ya na enyemaka nke dị iche iche okpukpe na nke ime mmụọ na-akụzi. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta nke Blavatsky kwuru na ya akwụkwọ, ọ na-enye onye na-agụ na ihe àmà doro anya nke ịdị adị nke anwansi.

Nke abụọ bụ na nkà mmụta okpukpe eneme dị iche iche òtù okpukpe (dị ka Christian Church) na criticizes ha n'ihi na ha ihu abụọ àgwà ha onwe ha ezi ihe. Ndị ọzọ okwu, HP Blavatsky kwuru na-ekpe rara ya si malite (Bible, Koran, na na. D.).

Na-ede enyocha ama omimi ozizi nke megidere ụwa okpukpe. Ịgagharị ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị a echiche, ọ gbalịrị ịchọta a nkịtị mgbọrọgwụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ya adian ndị unscientific na mgbochi okpukpe. N'ihi na nke a "Isis ya" na-akatọ ndị a dịgasị iche iche nke na-agụ akwụkwọ. Ma nke a adịghị akwụsị ya ịzụta ewu ewu na ndị ọzọ na akụkụ nke na-ege ntị. The ịga nke ọma nke "Isis kpughere" kwere ya mụbaa Blavatsky na Theosophical Society, nke ka nwetara òtù n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke ụwa, si America na India.

"Voice nke Ịgbachi Nkịtị"

Na 1889, o bipụtara akwụkwọ bụ "Voice nke Okwu", nkwado site na otu Helena Blavatsky. Biography nke nwanyị a nwere ya na ọ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma mgbalị iji dịrị n'otu n'okpuru otu cover ọtụtụ theosophical nnyocha. The isi iyi nke mmụọ nsọ maka "Voice of Ịgbachi Nkịtị" ghọrọ onye edemede na ọnụnọ Tibet, ebe ọ bịara mata na ozizi nke ndị Buddha ma ndị ahụ dịpụrụ adịpụ ndụ nke obodo ebe obibi.

N'oge a, Blavatsky emeghị tụnyere ma ọ bụ ịtụle ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ echiche. Ọ enịm textured nkọwa nke Buddha ozizi. Ọ nwere a zuru ezu analysis nke okwu ndị dị ka "Krishna" ma ọ bụ "Higher Self." Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ e ẹkama na Buddha style. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị-ekpe okpukpe exposition nke okpukpe. Ọ bụ ugbu a ka ejikarịkwa Blavatsky omimi akụrụngwa.

Nke a na-arụ ọrụ na-karịsịa na-ewu ewu na ndị Buddha. Ọ diri ọtụtụ mbipụta na India na Tibet, ebe ọtụtụ na-eme nnyocha a bịara chọrọ ịgụ. Ya ukwuu ja Dalai Lama. Nke ikpeazụ (site ụzọ, ndụ ugbu a) onwe ya dere okwu mmalite maka "Voice of Ịgbachi Nkịtị" na narị ncheta nke mbipụta mbụ. Nke a bụ ihe magburu onwe ntọala maka ndị na-achọ ịmata na ịghọta okpukpe Buddha, gụnyere Zen akwụkwọ.

The akwụkwọ a nyere n'onyinye dere Lvu Tolstomu, bụ onye ikpeazụ ya afọ intensively mụọ a dịgasị iche iche nke okpukpe. Endowment atụ, ugbu a nọ na Yasnaya Polyana. Na-ede na bịanyere aka cover, na-akpọ Tolstoy "otu n'ime mmadụ ole na ole nwere ike ịghọta na ịghọta ihe e dere n'ebe ahụ."

Gụọ n'onwe ya kwuru ji obi ụtọ banyere onyinye na akwụkwọ ha, ebe ọ na-weere excerpts si mara ihe na-enwe mmetụta na ya akwụkwọ ( "Everyday", "echiche nke ndị maara ihe", "na-agụ gburugburu"). Ọzọkwa a so dee na otu nke ya akwụkwọ ozi kwuru na "Voice nke Ịgbachi Nkịtị" nwere otutu ìhè, ma na-emetụ na okwu na ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu na-amaghị. Ọ na-amara na Tolstoy nọ na-agụ magazine "Theosophist" Blavatsky, onye nnọọ uru, dị ka e kwuru na ya edetu.

"The Secret n'Ozizi"

"The Secret n'Ozizi" a na-ewere na nke ikpeazụ na-arụ ọrụ nke Blavatsky, nke ọ chịkọtara ihe niile ya ihe ọmụma ma na-atụgharị. N'oge ndụ nke onye dere mbụ mpịakọta abụọ e bipụtara. The atọ akwụkwọ e bipụtara mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1897.

Nke mbụ bụ na nyochaa ma jiri ndị dị iche iche echiche na mbido nke eluigwe na ala. The abụọ na-enyocha ụmụ mmadụ evolushọn. Ọ zụrụ agbụrụ okwu, na ịchọpụta ụzọ nke mmepe nke ụmụ mmadụ dị ka a umu.

The ikpeazụ olu bụ a collection of biographies na ozizi nke ụfọdụ occultists. Great mmetụta na "Secret n'Ozizi" nwere ahịrị - amaokwu nke Book of Dzyan, nke na-emekarị e zoro aka na peeji nke na-arụ ọrụ. Ọzọ ebe o si aga na akwụkwọ ọnụahịa akwụkwọ, "The Key ka Theosophy."

New n'akwụkwọ na-akwanyere ùgwù atụmatụ nke asụsụ. Onye dere eji a nnukwu ego nke na-agụ akụkọ na ihe oyiyi N'ịbụ a dịgasị iche iche nke okpukpe na ụlọ akwụkwọ echiche.

"The Secret n'Ozizi" bụ a n'ihu nke "Isis kpughere." N'ezie, ọ bụ a miri lee anya na okwu depụtara n'akwụkwọ mbụ nke onye dere. Na na na-arụ ọrụ na a ọhụrụ mbipụta Madame Blavatsky Theosophical Society nyeere ya aka.

Ọrụ na-ede nke a obere ọrụ bụ ihe kasị sie ike ule, nke na-arahụ site na Helena Blavatsky. Akwụkwọ e bipụtara tupu, ikadaha ukwuu ike, dị ka nke a. Ọtụtụ Ndịàmà mgbe e mesịrị na ya memoirs, ọ na-ekwu na ndị dere wetara onwe ha na-full ime ara ara mgbe otu page nwere ike-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi iri abụọ ugboro.

A nnukwu enyemaka n'akwụkwọ nke a ọrụ e nyere Archibaldom Keytli. Ọ bụ onye òtù nke Theosophical Society na 1884, na na oge nke a edere, bụ n'ozuzu odeakwụkwọ ya ngalaba na UK. Nwoke a ka e nhazi ya ikpo nke Ibé akwụkwọ elu mita. Ọwọrọ mgbanwe emetụta akara edemede na ụfọdụ ihe ndị dị mkpa ga-eme n'ọdịnihu mbipụta. Ikpeazụ ya version e gosiri onye dere na 1890.

Ọ maara na ndị "Secret n'Ozizi" ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na re-agụ oké Russian dere Aleksandr Skryabin. Otu oge, ọ bịara nso theosophical echiche nke Blavatsky. The nwoke mgbe niile wee na-ahụ akwụkwọ dị n'elu tebụl ya na n'ihu ọha mmasị na ihe ọmụma nke onye so dee.

adịbeghị anya

Ihe Blavatsky na India a ịga nke ọma. E meghere alaka nke Theosophical Society ahụ, bụ nke na-ewu ewu n'etiti ndị obodo. Na ikpeazụ ya afọ, Elena biri na Europe na kwụsịrị-ejegharị ejegharị n'ihi ọrịa. Kama, ọ malitere ifịk ifịk dee. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ doo ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ ya. Blavatsky nwụrụ May 8, 1891 na London, mgbe ọrịa na-oké influenza.