Aircraft ụgbọelu "Admiral Kuznetsov". Aircraft ụgbọelu. The ụgbọ mmiri "Admiral Kuznetsov"

USS - ụdị warship, nke na-agụnye a ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgụ ugbo elu, na ọ na-anọchi anya a isi mmetụta ike. On osisi na e nwere a runway ogologo chọrọ maka takeoff nke ugbo elu, hangars, ụlọ ọrụ maka refueling, mmezi na ụgbọ elu akara. N'agbanyeghị ya nnukwu size, ụgbọelu ụgbọelu - ukwuu maneuverable ship na ngwa ngwa iji na-eme ka n'ókè na eze. Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-anọchite anya nke ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwá agha bụ ụgbọelu ụgbọelu "Admiral Kuznetsov". Ihe zuru ezu n'okpuru.

aka

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, na-ebu na-ụdị nke warships, nke dị iche na nnukwu nha. On osisi na e nwere karịa a iri na abuo agha ugbo elu: alụso, agha ugbo elu, tanka ugbo elu, mgbochi okpuru mmiri ngwá, nakwa dị ka nnapụta na helikọpta gunships.

Ụgbọ ndị a na-eji ọtụtụ mba na-ebu oru ọrụ tinyere mmiri ala nke ọ bụla ala. Ha na-na-bu n'obi na-aka n'ala agha na mbuso agha nke agha bụ ndị iro dị n'ógbè ahụ. Mee ibibi dị iche iche iro submarines, nakwa dị ka na-ebibi ikuku technology nke dị n'elu mmiri na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri mpaghara.

USS ga nwere ike ike osisi na a nnukwu ọkọnọ nke manu, iji maka a ogologo oge nke bi n'ebe dị anya, si n'ikpere mmiri.

akụkọ ihe mere eme ụzọ

The nzọụkwụ ndị mbụ na-ewu nke n'elu mgbere e rụrụ na Nikolayev ano na 1982. Ọ ugboro ugboro agbanweela aha ya na njikọ na ihe ndị mere eme. N'ikpeazụ na 1990, mgbe ọtụtụ oké osimiri ọnwụnwa on board e ikpeazụ nke aha ya - "Admiral nke Soviet Union Fleet Kuznetsov". Na a afọ mgbe e mesịrị na arọ ugbo elu-ebu ugbo agha bụ na naval ngwá agha nke Russia. Ọ bụ a pụrụ ịdabere na eziokwu.

N'oge mmalite nke ewu na ogwe aka ama ama ụgbọelu na-ebu Russia. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha rụrụ a kpọmkwem ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ụgbọ mmiri "Admiral Kuznetsov" bụ a ịrịba dị iche. Bu, na ọ akp hà na oche. Nke a kwere ka ụgbọ elu ka omenala ụdị takeoff na ọdịda.

Mgbe ida nke Soviet Union ná mmalite 1990s, na Russian Navy si nnọọ nchegbu na Ukraine ọchịchị ga-etu na nwe nke ugbo agha. Ya mere, na njedebe nke 1991, ọ na-na nzuzo gaa n'obodo Severomorsk, nke bụ a ọhụrụ ebe dabeere ugbo elu ụgbọelu "nke Soviet Union Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov". Kemgbe ahụ, ọ na-ejide ọtụtụ ule nke iche iche iche iche. Ọ na-emelitere na ọhụrụ ọgụ unit - Oghere Usoro Su-33.

N'afọ 1995, na nsọpụrụ nke 300th ncheta nke ịdị adị nke Russian Navy ugbo elu ụgbọelu ugbo agha "Admiral Kuznetsov" e tinye n'ihu ná mkpọsa na Oké Osimiri Mediterenian. Agafe na Strait nke Gibraltar, ọ kwụsịrị na Tunisian coasts. N'otu oge e nwere ndị ugbu a na-American ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ bụ omume na-ebu ụfọdụ ọzụzụ ule ọnụ. Dị ka ndị àmà, n'oge a na nkwonkwo na-adọba ụgbọala ọtụtụ abụọ ụgbọelu na-ebu, na-akwa ndị takeoffs na landings nke ugbo elu technology si ma Russian na US Navy. Ụfọdụ Russian agha ọbụna ike na-agba ịnyịnya na a US Air Force technology. Aircraft ụgbọelu "Admiral Kuznetsov" na-adịghị edikpu na-eme n'ọdịnihu omume nke Northern Fleet, nke iwu bụ na afọ ojuju. Ma, ọ bụ na-enweghị ya na-ezighị ezi akụkụ. Nile osimiri njem e a na-adịgide adịgide ọdịda nke ike osisi, na nsogbu okosobode ọzọ ụgbọala na usoro. Nke a gosiri na ọ dị njikere na-ezughị ezu. Na mgbe naanị a obere oge mgbe ọ bịarutere n'ụlọ, mgbe a ọma ntaghari ohuru, na ugbo agha "Admiral Kuznetsov" ọzọ wee na-esonụ njem. Na-enweghị ya gara aga azụmahịa "Kursk" na 2000

Na 2004, ugbo agha "Admiral Kuznetsov" iledo na North Atlantic, ọnụ na itoolu mmiri nke Northern Fleet. Isi nzube nke njem bụ a ule nke takeoff na ọdịda nke ọhụrụ Su-25KUB. Nke a sochiri eleta ha mgbe nile ka oru (2005-2007 gg.). Na na 2007, ugbo agha gara ọzọ igwu na Mediterranean Sea, ebe ihe nile gara nke ọma.

N'ezie, ma e wezụga n'ihi ihe ịga nke ọma na njem ụgbọ mmiri na osisi ụgbọelu ụgbọelu mere na ọnọdụ mberede, ihe na-adịghị ịnshọransị ọ dịghị onye na-art warship na ụwa:

1. The mbụ mere mere ke mbubreyo 2004. N'ihi ya, na-esote ụzọ ọpụpụ bụ obere mberede n'ụgbọ ahụ ugbo agha mgbe ọdịda na oche nke Su-25UTG. Ma dabara nke ọma, ihe niile tụgharịa nnọọ mebiri emebi ọdịda gia, na ụgbọ mmiri na-na-ata ahụhụ ịrịba losses.
2. Ọzọkwa ọjọ sogidesiri ụgbọelu ụgbọelu na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 2005 na North Atlantic. Ebe a na ugbo agha "Admiral Kuznetsov" ahụhụ a gbara ọkpụrụkpụ na ọnwụ. Mgbe obibia nke abụọ Su-33 naanị emeghị iguzogide na dabara n'ime mmiri. The pilot ejected ugbua na mmiri. Nke abụọ unit nkwonkwo mgbalị nke ndi oru ugbo jisiri ịzọpụta. Aba ime ụgbọ ala, nke nwere nzuzo technology nke na-agbalị ibibi na-enyemaka nke mmiri bombs. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ekwe omume ime nke a. The akpata ihe mberede ọnọdụ a gbajiri aviafinishera USB.
3. Ịgbaso ihe mberede ka mere na January 2009. N'oge ha na ọnụnọ na Turkish port Akzas-Karagach ahụhụ a na mberede ọkụ ụta oche. The ọrụ ike ịnagide ọnọdụ, ma-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri e gburu. The ụgbọelu ezoghịkwa ahụhụ ịrịba mebiri.

Iji ụbọchị, ụgbọ mmiri "Admiral Kuznetsov" bụ otu n'ime a arọ naval egbe. Ya isi ọrụ - meriri n'ime nzube nke a kpọmkwem uwa, nke bụ ihe ize ndụ na steeti. Arọ ụgbọelu na-ebu ugbo agha "Admiral Kuznetsov" kwesịrị anya, tinyere ndị na-amasị nke ọgụ nkeji mba dị iche iche. Ị gaghị na-adọta mmasị a iri abụọ nnukwu Ọdịdị na unu kpamkpam na-akpali na mmiri mmewere? On osisi ụgbọelu 8 nwere anọ boilers na uzuoku turbines. Na enyemaka ha, o nwere ike mee ngwangwa ka a ọsọ kacha nke 29 mara akpụ. Mgbe a na ọnụego, ya merie na 3800 kilomita na a ọsọ nke 18 mara akpụ - 8500 kilomita. Iji hụ na ike ya, ọ dịkarịa ala, ị pụrụ a lee anya na ugbo elu ụgbọelu "Admiral Kuznetsov", a foto nke na-dị na nke a ederede.

imewe Atụmatụ

E nwere ọtụtụ nke na-akpali ihe. "Admiral Kuznetsov" nlereanya nwere ndị na-esonụ redio: a ezigbo na-ahụ-anya na ndị ọzọ. Ọ adịghị mkpa bughi ọcha. The AFT akụkụ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ e nwere a na-ahụ-anya ramp, ya bu ije nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ bụ a iwepụ. Ọ bụ ihe dị oké mkpa imewe atụmatụ. Ebe e nwere bụ a n'akụkụ elu oche, ebe nke 14 700 m², na mepụtara ihe tinye-na na staabod. Ẹdude rata, nke a na-ndokwa na-agba ụta, nwere a nrida n'akuku nke 14 degrees. Ya, mmejuputa iwu bụ integral na aru nke ugbo elu ụgbọelu, nke nwere a elu nke 7 redio na abụọ dị mkpa n'elu ikpo okwu.

Chassis

Dị ka ekwuola, ụgbọelu ụgbọelu nwere ihe elu ike osisi. Ọ na-agụnye asatọ uzuoku boilers na turbines 4, ọ bụla nke nwere ike nke 50,000 lita. a. N'ihi ya, usoro na-enwe ike achụsakwa a nnukwu igwe 29 mara akpụ na ẹkenịmde ke na ọsọ n'ihi na a ogologo oge. Ọzọkwa kwuru ike unit nwere containers n'ihi ọzọ mmanụ ụgbọala. Dị otú ahụ na a usoro, na arọ ugbo elu-ebu ugbo agha ike ịnọ ogologo oge na mmiri. Ibelata nso nke ije na a ọsọ nke 18 mara akpụ bụ mkpokọta 8500 kilomita.

agha

Na nke a, ihe kwesịrị ekwesị na ngwá na-kọwaa. The mgwo agha na osisi "Admiral Kuznetsov" ụgbọelu ngwá ọkọnọ na rọketi-launchers. Nke a bụ eziokwu dị ịrịba ama. The mbụ ụdị-agụnye ụdị nile nke Russian ọgụ ugbo elu. Nke a na-agụnye banyere 28 ugbo elu (fighter usoro Su-33, mig-27K, Yak-141) na 24 ọgụ helicopters.

Ke adianade do, na ụgbọelu mejupụtara na-agụnye a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke rọketi launchers ala, ọkara na ogologo nso. Ndị a na ngwaọrụ nwere ike mgbe ọ bụla ị na-eme iji na igbu ndị iro na gbochie mmeri nke a torpedo ma ọ bụ a agha. Na niile likelihood, na kacha nso ga-eme n'ọdịnihu, ha ga-enwe ọganihu dị ka a N'ihi nke a zuru redesign nke a ụgbọ mmiri.

avionics

Ọ bụkwa ihe dị mkpa na akụrụngwa. Avionics na ugbo elu ụgbọelu "Admiral Kuznetsov"-enye gị ohere mgbe niile nwere a na foto nke kpọmkwem ọnọdụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ akụrụngwa dị nso. Ọ na-agụnye a "lumberjack" usoro, multi-ọrụ ngwaọrụ "Mars-Passat". Ọ na-agụnye ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwaọrụ dị ka "Fregat-2m", nke na-enye ohere ịchọpụta zaa ke atọ akụkụ ohere, na "mee ihe maka" - maka nchọpụta nke ụgbọelu technology na ala karị. Ọbụna ụgbọ mmiri nwere ụfọdụ nkwurịta okwu na usoro na ụgbọ elu akara. All a na-enye ohere ka anyị na-n'ụzọ ziri ezi chọpụta ọnọdụ nke onye iro na-emeso irè na-efega, nakwa dị ka na-enwe mgbe nile na kọntaktị na ha na-arụkọ.

Nka na ụzụ e ji mara nke ugbo agha

Nke a na-na-esonụ:

• Isi-emeputa ihe nke ugbo elu ụgbọelu "Admiral Kuznetsov" The Black Sea bụ a ụlọ ọrụ maka owuwu nke warships n'obodo Mykolayiv.
• Developer - JSC "Neva PKB".
• The ọsọ kacha nke ụgbọ mmiri bụ 29-30 mara akpụ. Ndị na-adị nkwusioru - 18.
• Oke nso na ezigbo ije nke 18 000 kilomita.
• Na standalone mode nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ ruo ihe dị ka 45 ụbọchị.
• 58 nwere a Ndahie nke 500 tọn.

na ndi oru ugbo

N'ezie, ịnọgide na-enwe ugbo elu ụgbọelu "Admiral Kuznetsov" sere n'elu ga-a ịrịba ama ọtụtụ ndị ruru eru oru ugbo. Ọ mejupụtara 1960 ndị mmadụ, 200 nke ha - ojii. N'ihi na eziokwu na ihe ndị bụ isi ọgụ ike na-anọchi anya Aeronautical ngwa, nwere on board 626 ụgbọelu. N'ime ndị a, iwu mkpara mejupụtara mmadụ 40. Ọzọkwa sị ship bụ 3857 dị mkpa ụlọ ọrụ. A na-agụnye 387 cabins, 50 mmiri na 6 tablespoons, 120 n'ụlọ nkwakọba.

mma

Ọ bụ ezie na ugbo elu ụgbọelu "Admiral Kuznetsov" nwere ọtụtụ afọ na-egosi ya zuru njikere na ịrụ irè ya ihe aga-eme, nakwa dị ka ihe niile bụ ngwá ọrụ, ọ na-achọ ndị kwesịrị ekwesị n'oge a upgrades. Designers na mmepe nke ụgbọ mmiri na-adịghị ga-akwụsị ebe ahụ, na n'ọdịnihu dị nso na-ezube ka mma a na-alụ ọgụ igwe, na-enye ya amara ike na wụnye ọzọ oge a na ngwá agha.

The mbụ modernization ga-emetụta ndị ike osisi, dị ka ọ bụ ihe kasị mfịna ebe na-akpatakarị obere breakdowns. Ọ na-zubere iji dochie ẹdude ji esi mmiri ọkụ na tobaim echichi. Na nke a, tụlee ọtụtụ nhọrọ, na-aga na-ebu gas ma ọ bụ nnọchianya yadernoturbinnuyu echichi. Ya mere, na-amachi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke breakdowns, nakwa dị ka itinye ndị ọzọ ebu ike nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ.

Mgbanwe ụfọdụ ga-adaba na ngwá agha. kwere omume mkpochapu "Granit" agha usoro na-eme n'ọdịnihu. N'ihi ya, ebe ga-amụba ụgbọelu adọba ụgbọala oghere, na ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ugbo elu nkeji onwe ha. Ọzọkwa dochie elu-emegide ugbo elu na-ajụ-nso na ngwaọrụ na bụ isiokwu rọketi-launchers "Mma Daga". Nke a dị mkpa. omume zubere iji dochie ẹdude mgbagwoju "Carapace-C1" maka obere-nso usoro. Na ya na nọmba 4-6 ga antiaircraft egbe ngwaọrụ. Na ihe nile nke a na-ahụ kwuru kpọmkwem ugbo elu ụgbọelu na-ezube ka a oge a usoro kọmputa akụrụngwa. Na ya, ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ga-ekwu site na mmekọrịta ya na ndị ọzọ warships.

Dị ka a mmalite-elu usoro na-zubere rigging ugbo elu ụgbọelu agbapụ àkụ mee. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị onye na-eme n'ọdịnihu na-agaghị ahapụ runway na jumps, mgbe ahụ, ya, ha ga-na nkuku oche. Iji hụ na mmalite via uzuoku catapult ga nwere a nuklia ike osisi. Site na nke a na-achọ mmepe. Ma ọ bụrụ na ụgbọ mmiri ga-a gas tobaim osisi, uzuoku agbapụ àkụ mee na-dochie anya akpa. Nke a ngwaọrụ ọhụrụ na-agba shipbuilding. A ọtụtụ ndị mba ọzọ na-ebu na-ama nwere a yiri usoro ya were. Ọ na-na-na-na-anwale site na anyị na mmepe na ọbụna na ịdị adị nke Soviet Union. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iji tinye ya n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'ime imewe nke ụgbọ mmiri "Admiral Kuznetsov".

The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ugbo elu ngwá ga-agụnye mig-29K alụso ke ichekwa 26 iberibe na helicopters (18 na 28 nkeji). Ke ofụri ofụri, na-emelite mbipụta nke ugbo agha "Admiral Kuznetsov" na ndokwa maka 2020. Site na nke oge a na-atụ anya hapụ a ọgbọ ọhụrụ fighter T-50, nke, doro anya, ga-on board n'ụgbọ mmiri.

Ọbụna egwu were ohere nke a ọhụrụ mgbere, gụnyere ama ẹdude akaụntụ!

Taa ala nke ụgbọ mmiri

Ka ụbọchị, oké ugbo elu-ebu ugbo agha bụ ebe ahụ iji chebe ọdịmma nke Russia. Ke ofụri ofụri, ọ mgbe nile ịnagide aga-eme. Ọ nwere elu na ngwá agha na-enwe ike igbochi ihe fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla onye iro mbuso agha. Na ọ bụ ya na-eme njem n'Oké Osimiri Mediterenian na North Atlantic ọhụrụ ọnụnọ nke Russian Navy n'ime osimiri. Ndị a na ụdị warships, ugbo agha dị n'elu ka dị na ọtụtụ ndị na mba agha. Ya mere, Russian Mmepe na-eme mgbalị nile maka ya modernization.

ọgwụgwụ

Mgbe agụ n'elu, otu nwere ike iche na-anọchite anya, ihe ọrụ, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ na ngwá agha nwere ụgbọelu ụgbọelu "Admiral Kuznetsov". Ke ofụri ofụri, a ụgbọ mmiri bụ maa a egwu ọgụ unit nke Russian Federation agha.