Alkali - a isi ma ọ bụ? Gịnị bụ ya Njirimara?

Gịnị acid ma ọ bụ nnu-ya nile, na ọtụtụ maara nke ọma. O siri ike ịhụ onye na-adịghị ejide a karama mmanya ma ọ bụ na-eji na ndụ nri, na-enweghị nke nta ka ọ bụla nri yiri ọhụrụ na keenweghiuto. Ma ihe ncha? Nke a bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka ndị isi, ma ọ bụ? Gịnị mere ka ọ dị iche iche si acid? Ajụjụ dị otú ahụ nwere ike ogwe onye ọ bụla, ya mere na-ekwe ka anyị onwe anyị ka ume ihe ọmụma na ozugbo ndị ahụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ.

Alkali - ihe bụ nke a?

Iji malite, onye metal compound na mmiri na a chemical akpọ hydroxides. The umi nke ụdị, na ammonium, alkali ma ọ bụ alkaline ala metal, a maara dị ka ihe alkali. N'aka nke ya, isi - bụ electrolyte, nke gụnyere, na mgbakwunye na hydroxide ion (OH ^-), ọ bụla ọzọ anions. N'ihi ya, anyị nwere ike ikwu na alkali - bụ ihe ọ bụla soluble isi. Na-etolite dị otú ahụ a metal hydroxide ike subgroups IA na IIa (ndị na-abịa mgbe calcium). Ihe Nlereanya nke ndị dị otú ahụ ogige nwere ike sodium ncha (NaOH usoro), sodium bariat (Ba (OH) _2), potassium hydroxide (Koh), cesium hydroxide (CsOH), wdg Ha na-anọchi anya a siri ike na-acha ọcha umi, nke na-ji elu hygroscopicity.

Njirimara alkalis

Mgbasa mmiri nke ndị dị otú ahụ ogige na-esonyere bukwanu okpomọkụ ọgbọ. Na Group IA alkali ike - a cesium hydroxide na a Group IIa - radium hydroxide. Otu ihe atụ nke ụdị adịghị ike njikọ nwere ike ije ozi amonia na slaked wayo. Caustic alkalis bụ soluble na ethanol na methanol. Na ihe siri ike kwuo ihe niile ndị a bekee banye na mmiri si ikuku na carbon dioxide na ji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ carbonates. The kasị mkpa ihe onwunwe nke alkali bụ na dị ka a n'ihi na ha mmeghachi omume na acid nnu kpụrụ - a mma na-nnọọ na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ. Site ndị a njikọ nwere ike gafee eletrik, ya mere ha na-eji dị ka electrolytes. Kwadebere na iji electrolysis nke alkali chlorides ma ọ bụ site na omume oxides nke alkali ọla na mmiri. The ụlọ ọrụ na-eji nke mbụ usoro na nke abụọ a na-eji na-akasị na-emepụta slaked wayo. Ke alkaline gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ dissolves abụba, ma a na ihe onwunwe na ọtụtụ-eji imewe nke ncha. A ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bases nwere ike ibibi osisi na anụmanụ anụ ahụ, iwe akpụkpọ ime na uwe ya. Alkalies nwere ike na-eme na ụfọdụ ọla (e.g. aluminum), na na-enwe ike iji chebe ígwè si corrosion. Ha na-eguzogide ọgwụ okpomọkụ - sodium hydroxide nwere ike gbazee na-ada ka a obụpde, ma ọ gaghị amalite irekasị. Ndị a bụ ndị dị iche iche si na alkali unyi anaghị agbasa na bases, ụfọdụ nke na-(atụ, silver hydroxide) erekasịchaala ọbụna na ụlọ okpomọkụ. Nakwa dị ka asịd, ndị a bekee achọ oke-elekọta ma na elu-achọ n'aka na ememe nke nchekwa na-atụ aro. Eye nchedo mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na ncha na-emekarị na-eyi iko. Idebe ha na-ekwe naanị na pụrụ iche arịa - aṅụ arịa na-agaghị dabara.