Anwụ cosmonauts: aha, biographies

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke uwa ngagharị, dị mwute ikwu, bụ ihe jupụtara bụghị naanị meteoric ịrị elu, ma a egwu ọdịda. Dead astronauts, ọ bụghị na-arị elu ma ọ bụ unexploded akụ ụta, mberede ọjọọ - niile a bụ na-nketa anyị, ma chefuo banyere ya - mgbe ichicha si akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị niile na-consciously okowụt ndụ ya n'ihi ọganihu, sayensị na a ka mma n'ọdịnihu. Ọ bụ ihe ndị dara dike nke USSR Space anyị na-atụle n'isiokwu a.

Space na USSR

Ruo mgbe narị afọ nke 20 spaceflight ọkọnọ ihe dị nnọọ mma. Ma ugbua na 1903, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky tinye n'ihu echiche nke na-efe efe n'ime ohere na a rọketi. Site na oge na abụrụ ohere omume na ụdị nke anyị maara ya taa.

Na Soviet Union ke 1933, dabeere Keldysh Research Center (RNII) maka ọmụmụ nke ugboelu propulsion. Na 1946, ọ malitere ọrụ metụtara na rọketi.

Otú ọ dị, tupu nwoke mbụ merie Ụwa ike ndọda, na pụtara na cosmos, ọ were ọzọ afọ ole na ole na afọ. Echefula banyere emehie na eri ndụ nke verifiers. Nke mbụ bụ na ndị nwụrụ anwụ cosmonauts. Dị ka ukara data, e nwere nanị ise n'ime ha, tinyere Yuri Gagarin, onye, nditịm na-ekwu okwu, ọ bụghị anwụ na ohere, na mgbe ha laghachiri Earth. Otú o sina Astronotu nabatara ọnwụ dị ka ule dị ka a agha pilot, nke na-enye ohere ka anyị na-eme ka ọ na ndepụta na n'ihu ebe a.

Komarov

Soviet cosmonauts onye nwụrụ na ohere, mere na ọ dịghị ihe na-enweghị atụ onyinye mmepe nke mba ha. Onye dị otú ahụ bụ Vladimir Komarov - cosmonaut na engineer-agha, onye e ọdịda aha nke dike nke Soviet Union. A mụrụ na Moscow na 14 April 1927. Ọ bụ onye òtù nke mbụ na ụwa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke uwa ship na bụ ọchịagha. Ugboro abụọ na ohere.

Na 1943, ga-eme n'ọdịnihu Astronotu gụsịrị akwụkwọ afọ asaa, na mgbe ahụ banyere Air Force ụlọ akwụkwọ pụrụ iche, na-achọ ịmụta ọrụ nke pilot. Ọ wuchaa ya na 1945, mgbe ahụ wee na ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Sasovo Aviation School. Na n'otu afọ, ọ na e kwetara na Borisoglebsk Higher Military Aviation School.

Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1949, Komarov kpọọrọ na Air Force na ghọrọ a fighter pilot. N'ìgwè nke ya e odude ke Grozny. N'ebe a, o zutere na Valentina, a nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ bụ ndị ghọrọ ya nwunye. N'oge na-adịghị, Vladimir ghọrọ a agadi pilot, na na 1959 ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Air Force Academy na natara a na-ekesa na Air Force Institute. Ọ bụ ebe a na ọ na-họọrọ ìgwè nke mbụ nke cosmonauts.

Iberibe na ohere

Iji zaa ajụjụ ahụ, otú ọtụtụ astronauts e gburu, ị ga-akpa mata nnọọ isiokwu nke ụgbọ elu.

Ya mere, ihe mbụ ụgbọ elu n'ime oghere Komarova wee ebe on a spaceship "Voskhod" October 12, 1964. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na Multi njem na ụwa: na-arụ ọrụ na-gụnyere ndị dọkịta na ndị injinia. The ụgbọ elu kere 24 awa na e dechara ihe ịga nke ọma ọdịda.

Nke abụọ na nke ikpeazụ ụgbọ elu Komarova wee ebe n'abalị si 23 ruo 24 April 1967. The cosmonaut e gburu n'oge nke ẹkụre ụgbọ elu: n'oge nrida nke isi parachute na-arụ ọrụ, na mapụtara straps curled ruru arọ adiana nke ngwaọrụ. The ụgbọ mmiri kụrụ n'ala na-agbawa ọkụ. Ya mere, n'ihi a unọmọ Vladimir Komarov nwụrụ. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na cosmonaut nwụrụ. Na ya nsọpụrụ e wuru a ncheta ke Nizhny Novgorod na a ọla na na na Moscow.

Gagarin

Ndị a bụ ndị niile na ndị nwụrụ anwụ astronauts tupu Gagarin, dị ka ukara isi mmalite. Nke ahụ bụ, n'ezie, ka ọ bụ naanị otu Astronotu Gagarin nwụrụ Soviet Union. Otú ọ dị, Gagarin bụ ndị kasị ama Soviet cosmonaut.

Yuri A., Soviet cosmonaut, a mụrụ na March 9, 1934. O ji ya na nwata n'ime obodo nke Kashino. Ọ na-aga akwụkwọ na 1941, ma obodo wakporo site German agha, na ọmụmụ etre. Na na Gagarin ezinụlọ n'ụlọ SS haziri ogbako nwe ụgbọala n'okporo ụzọ. Naanị na 1943 n'obodo nta e wepụtara, na ihe ọmụmụ banyere Yuri gara n'ihu.

Gagarin mgbe abanyekwa 1951 na Saratov mahadum, ebe ọ malitere ịga Aero Club. Na 1955, ọ e debara aha ndị agha gaa agha na zigara Aviation School. Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ, o jere ozi na Air Force na na 1959 ama banyere 265 awa. Ọ natara aha nke agha pilot atọ na klas na n'usoro nke onyeisi.

First ụgbọ elu na ọnwụ

Anwụ astronauts - ndị maara nke ọma ihe ize ndụ ndị na-eso, ma o sina dị, ọ bụghị igbochi ha. Na Gagarin, nwoke mbụ na ohere, okowụt ndụ ya tupu ọ ghọọ ihe Astronotu.

Otú ọ dị, ohere na-aghọ akpa ọ na-atụ uche. 12 na April 1961, Gagarin ama na a rọketi "Vostok" ohere airfield Baikonur. The ụgbọ elu were 108 nkeji na biri na a ọma ọdịda nso n'obodo Engels (Saratov region). Na nke a bụ ụbọchị maka mba ahụ nile na Cosmonautics Day, nke na-eme ememe taa.

N'ihi na ihe niile ụwa mbụ ụgbọ elu bụ ịrịba omume, na pilot, bụ onye mere ya, ngwa ngwa ghọrọ ama. Gagarin gara na òkù ihe karịrị iri atọ mba. Ndị na-esonụ afọ na-akara site post-elu Astronotu maka nọ n'ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

Ma n'oge na-adịghị Gagarin bụ azụ na n'isi nke ugbo elu. Mkpebi a mesịrị bụrụ mwute maka ya. Na na 1968, March 27, ọ na-gburu n'oge a ọzụzụ ụgbọ elu na kokpiiti nke mig-15 UTI. Akpata ihe mberede ka amaghị ama.

O sina dị, ndị astronauts ndị nwụrụ agaghịkwa echefu site ná mba ha. N'ụbọchị Gagarin ọnwụ na mba na-eru uju. Na mgbe e mesịrị na mba dị iche iche anyị na-guzosie ike a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ncheta mbụ cosmonaut.

Volkov

Vladislav Nikolaevich Volkov - Soviet cosmonaut. A mụrụ na Moscow na 1935, na 23 November.

Future Astronotu gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Moscow akwụkwọ nọmba 201 ke 1953, mgbe nke ọ banyere Moscow Aviation Institute na natara ọpụrụiche electromechanical engineer na-elekọta Tammy. Ọ gara na-arụ ọrụ na CB Queen ma na-enyere ihe e kere eke nke ohere technology. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-amalite ịga ọmụmụ sports ụgbọelu na-efe efe club na Kolomna.

N'afọ 1966, Volkov ghọrọ onye òtù nke cosmonaut agha, na afọ atọ gasịrị mere ya mbụ ụgbọ elu on "Soyuz-7" na ọrụ nke a ụgbọ elu engineer. The ụgbọ elu kere 4 ụbọchị, 22 awa na minit 40. Na 1971, e nwere a abụọ na nke ikpeazụ ụgbọ elu Volkova, nke ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye engineer. E wezụga Vladislav Nikolaevich The otu mejupụtara Patsaev na Dobrovolsky, nke anyị na-atụle n'okpuru. Mgbe abanye ship mere depressurization, na ihe nile elu sonyere nwụrụ. Dead cosmonauts na kpọrọ ozu ya ọkụ na ha ntụ enịm ke Kremlin mgbidi.

Dobrowolski

Georgiy Timofeevich Dobrovolsky, nke anyị ekwuola, a mụrụ na Odessa na 1928, na 1 June. The pilot, Astronotu na Air Force agha, e mgbe ọ nwụsịrị ọdịda aha dike nke Soviet Union.

N'oge agha, ọ bụ na-arụ ókèala ndị Romanian ọchịchị na e jidere n'ihi onwunwe nke ngwá agha. N'ihi na a mpụ enye ama ikpe ke isua 25 n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ma ndị obodo ahụ jisiri gbapụta. Na mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ Georgy Dobrovolsky abatakwa Odessa akwụkwọ Air Force. N'oge ahụ ọ na-amaghị ihe na akara aka na-echere ya. Otú ọ dị, astronauts, furu ohere, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ụgbọelu, tupu iji kwadebe maka ọnwụ.

Na 1948 Dobrowolski bụ a na-amụrụ na ndị agha akwụkwọ nke Chuguev, na afọ abụọ gasịrị malitere-eje ozi na Soviet Air Force. N'oge ọrụ, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Academy nke Air Force. Na na 1963, ọ ghọrọ onye òtù nke cosmonaut agha.

Ya mbụ na ikpeazụ ụgbọ elu malitere June 6, 1971 na osisi "Soyuz-11" na ọrụ nke ọchịagha. The astronauts gara ohere "Solutia-1" ebe, ebe ha nọrọ a bit nke nnyocha. Ma n'oge nke-alọta Earth ya wee ebe, dị ka na-ama e kwuru, depressurization.

Alụmdi na nwunye okwa na ụgwọ ọrụ

Dead astronauts na-abụghị nanị ndị dike nke mba ahụ, bụ onye nyere ndụ ya, ma onye-ndikom, di na ndị nna. Mgbe ọnwụ nke Georgy Dobrovolsky mgbei ya ndị inyom abụọ, Marina (1960 p.) Ma Natalia (1967 p.). Otu ekpe na nwaanyị di ya nwụrụ nke dike, Lyudmila Stebleva, elu nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ. Na ọ bụrụ na ị gbara mbọ na-echeta ada nke nna-ya, nke-ntà, onye dị naanị 4 afọ na oge nke ida nke Capsule amaghị ya.

Na mgbakwunye na aha dike nke Soviet Union Dobrovolsky ọ e ọdịda nke Order nke Lenin (mgbe ọ nwụsịrị), "Gold Star" nrite "N'ihi na Service na Battle". Ke adianade do, aha nke cosmonaut planet nọmba 1789 na aha ya bụ, meghere na 1977, na-amị n'ọnwa ndagwurugwu ahụ na nnyocha ụgbọ mmiri.

Ọzọkwa a na ụbọchị, ebe ọ bụ na 1972, e nwere a omenala na-egwu Dobrovolsky Cup, nke bụ ọdịda maka kasị mma na-awụlikwa elu na trampoline.

Patsaev

Ya mere, site n'ịnọgide na-aza ajụjụ ahụ, otú ọtụtụ astronauts gburu ohere, anyị na-na na-esonụ dike Ego Union. Viktor Ivanovich Patsaev mụrụ na Aktobe (Kazakhstan) na 1933, na 19 June. Ọ mara na onye na-ụwa mbụ cosmonaut, na-arụ ọrụ na-abụghị Ụwa ikuku. Ọ nwụrụ na Dobrovolsky na Volkov kwuru n'elu.

Victor nna dara n'ọgbọ agha nke abụọ World War. Na ezinụlọ mgbe agha, a manyere ime ka Kaliningrad ugwu, bụ ebe ga-eme n'ọdịnihu mbụ cosmonaut gaa akwụkwọ. Dị ka e dere na memoirs nwanne ya nwaanyị, ohere ghọrọ ndị nwere mmasị Victor ama - o nwetara jide "Journey na Ọnwa" by K. Tsiolkovsky.

Na 1950 Patsaev abịarute Penza Industrial Institute, ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ, na e zigara ka Central elu-air Observatory. Ebe a, o so na-ewu nke Meteorological Tammy.

Na na 1958, Viktor Ivanovich zigara CB Queen, ke imewe ngalaba. Ọ bụ ebe a na zutere ndị dara Soviet cosmonauts (Volkov, Dobrovolsky na Patsaev). Otú ọ dị, naanị cosmonaut ga-akpụ 10 afọ, onye n'ohu ga Patsaev. Ya ọzụzụ ga-adịru afọ atọ. N'ụzọ dị mwute, mbụ Astronotu ozi kpata ọdachi na ọnwụ nke ìgwè ahụ dum.

Olee otú ọtụtụ ndị astronauts gburu uwa?

Ajụjụ a na-apụghị inye ihe doro nnọọ anya azịza. The eziokwu na ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ọmụma na ohere ọzọ na-anọgide na nkewa n'oge a. E nwere ọtụtụ nke echiche na ịkọ nkọ, ma ihe na-egosi nnọọ na ọ dịghị onye nwere.

Dị ka ukara data, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnwụ nke cosmonauts na astronauts nke mba niile bụ banyere 170 ndị mmadụ. The kasị mara amara nke ha, N'ezie, ndị nnọchiteanya nke Soviet Union na United States. Otu n'ime ihe ndị ikpeazụ, ọ bụ uru banyere Francis Richard, Michael Smith, Dzhudit Reznik (otu n'ime ụmụ agbọghọ ndị mbụ astronauts), Ronald McNair.

ọzọ nwụrụ anwụ

Ọ bụrụ na i nwere mmasị na ndị nwụrụ anwụ astronauts Russia, na oge ha na-adịghị adị. Mgbe ọ bụla oge ebe ọ bụ na ida nke Soviet Union na e guzobere Russia dị ka otu nọọrọ onwe ha ala bụghị kọrọ otu banyere ọdịda nke ugboelu na ọnwụ nke ya ndi oru ugbo.

N'oge nile nke isiokwu a, anyị na-ekwu banyere ndị nwụrụ ozugbo na ohere, ma anyị na-apụghị ileghara anya ndị astronauts ndị na-nwere ohere gbapụ. Ọnwụ ga-egburu ha ọbụna na Earth.

Nke a bụ Valentin Vasilevich Bondarenko, onye so n'ìgwè nke mbụ cosmonauts na nwụrụ mgbe ọzụzụ. Mgbe ọ nọ na sudobarokamere ebe Astronotu nwere ga-anọ naanị banyere 10 ụbọchị, o mere a ndudue. Unfastened sensọ akọ ọrụ dị mkpa nke ha na ahu na ụlọ akwụkwọ ji agwụ na owu ajị tinye ya n'ime mmanya na mgbe otutu ya. Owu obi ụtọ see red-ekpo ọkụ electric eriri igwe, na-eme a ọkụ. Mgbe igwefoto bụ na-emeghe, na mbara igwe ka dị ndụ, ma mgbe 8:00 nwụrụ mgbe Botkin Hospital. Anwụ astronauts tupu Gagarin, ya mere, na-agụnye ya otu otu onye.

Otú ọ dị, Bondarenko ga-anọgide na na ebe nchekwa nke ọgbọ tinyere ndị ọzọ nwụrụ anwụ astronauts.