The kpọọ nke ebe ewusiri ike Ochakov. Russian-Turkish agha nke 1787-1791 afọ

History of Russia - ọ bụ ukwuu n'ime ndị agha mere eme. Russia na Turkey, see okwu wee ebe ọzọ karịrị iri na abụọ agha. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha ka na-na na-Russian alaeze pụta mmeri. N'ezie ndị dike page nke agha n'oge gara aga anyị motherland aghọwo a agha n'ihi na ebe ewusiri ike Ochakov. Agha n'etiti Russia na Turkey 1787-1791 afọ ike ọnọdụ nke Russian Black Sea na Crimea peninshula. The ọdịda nke ebe e wusiri ike dị nnọọ mkpa iji merie dum agha.

Ndị na-akpata nke Russian-Turkish agha nke 1787-1791.

Turkey chọrọ imegwara na Russia na nke mbụ Turkish agha na nwetaghachị furu efu ókèala ndị Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu. The mmalite nke agha bụ n'ihi ọchịchọ ya iji gbochie-eto eto ime nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu ke South Caucasus, ma laghachi n'ala na Crimea. Ịdabere diplomatic mmekọahụ Austria, Russia zubere abawanye nwe na Caucasus na iru ha na Northern Black Sea. Na August 1787, ndị Turkish ochichi tinye n'ihu otu iwu ka Russia, na-achọ nyefe nke Crimea, mmara a nọ n'okpuru nke Turkish ọchịchị onwunwe nke Georgia na-ekwe ka nnyocha Russian ahịa ụgbọ mmiri na-agafe Straits. Ke adianade do, ebumnuche bụ wusie Black Sea na Crimea Khanate. Russian Alaeze Ukwu jụrụ ime na usoro nke ofufe, na Turkey kwuru agha.

Akasiaha agha, Turkey emebiwo ọnọdụ nke Küçük Kaynarca nkwekorita. Weghaara Turks nwetara Russian nnochite Yakov Bulgakov, onye ha Semibashenny mkpọrọ bụ obí eze.

Military omume ada itie ke Crimea na North Caucasus. The kpọọ nke ebe ewusiri ike Ochakov bụ ihe bụ isi agha na agha nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu na Turkey 1787-1792 si.

The agha itule

Turkey buso Ekaterinoslavskaya na Ukrainian agha nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu ahụ, nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ 80 nke. 40 nke. Persons karị. Turkish wusiri ike Ochakov okpomọkụ 1788 Ọ na-echebe site a agha, bụ ndị dị n'etiti 15 na 20 puku. Agha. The ebe e wusiri ike gbara ya gburugburu a ékpè na a ekpe mmiri juru na-echebe site na 350 egbe. Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Ochakov Abịawo na Russian Black Sea Fleet anya nke eziokwu na e nwere ihe dị ka 100 ọgụ nkeji nke Turkish nsoro.

Nke dị ná mpụga Ochakov

The kpọọ nke ebe ewusiri ike Ochakov bụ isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Russian alaeze ukwu agha mgbe ntọhapụ si Turkish nsoro Dnieper-Bug estuary na mmeri na ndị Kinburn gbụsara ọnụ mmiri. Ebe e wusiri ike Ochakov bụ n'ime ókè nke ókèala ndị Turkish Black Sea, nso confluence nke Bug River. Alụ ọgụ maka Ochakov malitere n'oké osimiri.

About 50 puku. Agha Ekaterinoslav agha malitere ọganihu kwupụta Ochakov na May 1788. Nke a agha, n'okpuru iwu G. A. Potemkina wee Ochakov. The ọchịagha kpebiri ogologo nnọchibido.

Nnọchibido nke Turkish ebe e wusiri ike

July 27, 1788 a nnukwu detachment nke Turks malitere a sortie si ebe e wusiri ike. Ogige nke ndị agha Russia n'okpuru iwu nke A. V. Suvorova sonyeere na ndị iro a siri ike ọgụ. The nnapụta squad Turkish reinforcements bịara. Na ngụkọta oge nke A. V. Suvorova, n'ebe a ga-enwe meghere si ka iyi tojubigara ókè ọgụ, ma si otú ahụ na-ahụ na e wusiri ike. Otú ọ dị, GA Potemkin gosiri na ike mee ihe, ya mere ihe ekwesị oge weghara Turkish wusiri ike Ochakov furu efu.

-Erughị otu ọnwa gasịrị, na August, na Turks mere a sortie re-anwa ime Russian batrị, nke rụrụ iwu nke MI Kutuzov Golenitsev. Site na obere dashes na echebe na ndagwurugwu na ọwa, na Turks ruru egbe, n'ihi ihe malitere a siri ike ọgụ. Dị ka a n'ihi nke counter Rangers jisiri dobe Turkish janissaries azụ mgbidi nke ebe e wusiri ike. Ha chọrọ na ha onwe ha n'ubu ịbanye Ochakov. Otú ọ dị, n'oge a ọ na-merụrụ ahụ M. I. Kutuzov. The bullet kụrụ-ekpe-ya agba na site na isi mgbe ẹkenịmde ọchịagha ọcha handikachifu maka kpọbata oyi mgbaàmà agha. Site na nke ọ fọrọ nke nta nwụrụ ọ bụ nke abụọ kpọrọ merụọ Mihaila Illarionovicha.

Summer 1788 emebeghị ndị agha Russia Enwee Mmeri, ọchịagha na ndị agha nọ na-echegbu onwe unu nchere, nke nwekwara na-enyeghị ihe ọ bụla gbara ọkpụrụkpụ na-arụpụta. Ka ọ dịgodị, French injinia ama na e zụrụ site obodo e wusiri ike atụmatụ. Prince Potemkin ka agaghị anwa anwa oké ifufe ebe ewusiri ike. Ọ kwụsịrị ndị Turkish ogbunigwe, bụ nke dị na a obere agwaetiti Berezan ndịda nke Ochakov, nso n'ọnụ ụzọ estuary. Ekwe omume nke a nke ọma wakpo bụ n'akụkụ oké osimiri, ma ogbunigwe ọkụ ruru Kinburn kwa agọ ohere ka na-amalite mwakpo Ochakov. Russian-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri ugboro ugboro na-agbalị na-"a-apụghị imeri emeri Ebe e wusiri ike", ma ebe e wusiri ike nche na-ele vigilantly n'elu omume nke Russian na ngwa ngwa kpọlite ndị oti mkpu, na-emegide na-edi ọkụ iguzogide ọkụ ngwá agha.

protracted standoff

N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na-abịa, Prince Potemkin wee na-rube isi na eme nke na-eche, ndị agha dịwo anya na trenches na na mmiri na oyi na-atụ. Nnukwu weere na-ebu agha Russia, ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi na nke agha, kamakwa n'ihi na ụkọ nri, ọrịa, nke malitere n'ihi ntu oyi, na agụụ. Rumyantsev mkparị akpọ oche n'okpuru Ochakov nzuzu. Admiral Nass-Siegen okpomọkụ tụrụ aro na ebe ewusiri ike ike merie azụ na April.

Site n'oge okpomọkụ na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1788 mgbidi nso ha ịrịba mgbalị Agbachitere Ochakov agha ndị agha Russia n'okpuru iwu nke G. A. Potemkina. Nguzo a idiọk depleted, ma ọkwá ha na-ghara inyefe ya n'aka.

Potemkin G. A. na-achọ ịbanye ná nkwekọrịta na Cossacks, na-echeta ndị na-enupu isi Pugachev, ma enweghị oke. "Kwesịrị Ntụkwasị Obi Cossacks", bụbu Cossacks bu ama maka na ha nwere ikike ikpebi ihe ga-esi ọ bụla agha na-agaziri ha. Ochakovskaya ebe e wusiri ike nwere ike iwere ha nanị òkè. Ma Cossacks ogologo na-amalite ọrụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha wee banye Gadzhibey (Odessa), na-ebibi ngwá na ihe oriri, bu n'obi maka Ochakova. Prince Potemkin GA kpebiri na ugbu a, ike agwụ na-agbachitere ha ruo ogologo oge. Otú ọ dị, agha mee ka ọ na-esote ọnwa. A siri na merenụ akpatre spodvigla ọchịagha gaa n'ọrụ agha.

Batara ebe e wusiri ike Ochakovo

N'ime ọnwa isii, Russian agha gbalịrị unsuccessfully Iji Turkish ebe e wusiri ike, mgbe nke e kpebiri ndị na atụmatụ nke Alexander Suvorov na-ahụ Ochakov site oké ifufe. Oyi na-atụ ihu igwe na frosts nwere emetụta ndị Turkish nsoro n'okpuru elekọta Ochakov na oké osimiri. Nyere ọnọdụ nke ndị Russian agha, G. A. Potemkinym e kpebiri na-amalite kpọọ nke ebe ewusiri ike Ochakov. ụbọchị agha a na-December 6, 1788.

Okwu kpọrọ ike na ike frosts na-gbochiri isii ogidi nke Russian agha n'otu oge na-amalite mwakpo Ochakov na abụọ - Western na Eastern. Earthworks n'etiti nnukwu ụlọ Hassan Pasha na Ochakov e jide mbụ site Isi General Pahlen. Mgbe ahụ, o zigara Colonel F. Meknoba na nnukwu ụlọ Hassan Pasha, na, tinyere ékpè - Colonel Platov. Agha ọma nwere ékpè, ikwe F. Meknobu Tinye nnukwu ụlọ, na fọrọ nke nta na narị atọ fọdụrụnụ nime ya Turks nyefere. Central earthworks e wakpoo site nke atọ ogidi, ọchịagha - Major General Volkonsky - gburu, mgbe ahụ, m wee n'elu iwu nke Colonel Yurgenets ma ruo mgbidi nke ebe e wusiri ike. Lieutenant General Prince Dolgorukov nke anọ kọlụm were Turkish wusiri ike ma gaa n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke ebe e wusiri ike. Site earthworks nke ise na isii na ogidi ahụ bịakwutere bastions nke Ochakov. Nke isii kọlụm Lt. Col. Zubin wee n'akụkụ ebe e wusiri ike, na-adọkpụpụta na ice egbe. Nke a kwere agha ịgakwuru ọnụ ụzọ ámá na bastions nke Turkish e wusiri ike. N'okpuru cover of arọ ọkụ si ogbunigwe Grenadiers gafere-apụghị imeri emeri mgbidi ma banye n'ogige ndị agha.

Military weere na Russia na Turkey

Dị ka dị iche iche na isi mmalite, n'ihi na otu onye ma ọ bụ awa abụọ nke aka iso ọbara, di ọku agha. Ochakiv e weere. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị kwuru, funahụrụ ndị na-Russian agha banyere 5 puku. Man. Researchers-eme atụmatụ na ọ na-ogologo nnọchibido Ochakov dugara ọnwụ nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị agha nke ndị agha Russia. Turkish flags 180 na 310 implements ígwè trophies. Na Russian laa ihe 4 puku. Turkish agha. Historians kwere na ndị fọdụrụ nke Turkish agha na a ịrịba akụkụ nke mepere emepe bi gburu n'oge mwakpo. The ozi ọma nke wakpo Ochakov tụgharịa a ujo na Sultan Abdul Hamid m, dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọ nwụrụ nke a obi ọgụ.

The ọdịda nke Ochakov: uru

The kpọọ nke ebe ewusiri ike Ochakov Russian meghere ekwe omume nke na-abanye Danube na aka hiwe achịkwa Dnieper estuary, a na-emighị emi n'ọnụ mmiri, nke nwere usoro mkpa. Ochakov e weghaara na Russian Alaeze Ukwu ke 1791, mgbe agha ọzọ bịanyere aka Treaty nke Jassy. A agha mmeri nyere Russia ikike iru ha na-elu na ọnọdụ ha na Dnieper estuary. Nche nke Kherson na Crimea si Turkey e mesịrị nwetara.

Awards na ukpono maka mmeri

N'ihi mmeri Ochakov Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine II onyere G. A. Potemkinu Field Marshal n'iwu baton mma na ùgwù na diamonds. A. V. Suvorovu e nyere a diamond pen na okpu-eri 4450 rubles. MI Kutuzov, na-akwanyere ya ùgwù onwe ya agha nke Russian-Turkish War, o e ọdịda nke Order of St. Anne m ogo na St. Vladimir II ogo. Russian agha ndị gosiri nnọọ ikike na agha nke Ochakov, na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu onyere Order of St. Vladimir na St. George nke-anọ ruo n'ókè. Ndị ọzọ nọ na ọdịda gold akara, iji na-eyi na a rịbọn ya lapel nkeewa akara oji na-acha odo odo. Ịrịba ama nwere a cross udi na ahazi nsọtụ, ọ bụ ihe dị n'etiti a adịchaghị Ọla na iwu. The ala n'ohu merie ndị Turkish wusiri ike nwetara silver nrite "N'ihi na obi ike".

Ịrịba Ama Enwee Mmeri na 1788

The kpọọ nke ebe ewusiri ike Ochakov bụghị nanị ọma nke ndi-agha Russian agha agha n'etiti Russia na Turkey 1787-1791 si. A afọ tupu, ọ mkpọrọgwụ Agha nke Kinburn. Mgba na 1788, ndị e meriri na Khotyn na Fidonisi. N'oge okpomọkụ nakwa n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1789 agha Russia meriri na Focsani na Rymnik, na 1790 - na Kerch Strait. A ịrịba n'akụkọ ntolite nke Russian-Turkish agha mwakpo nke ọzọ ebe e wusiri ike - Ishmael - na-na 1790. The ikpeazụ agha na agha see okwu n'etiti ukwu abụọ alaeze ukwu malitere ibuso ndị Kaliakria July 31, 1791.

Ikere nke Austria na agha nke 1787-1791 afọ

N'oge Russian-Turkish agha 1788 malitere Austria na Turkish War, nke ahụ bụ n'ihi contractual ọrụ nke Austria na Russia na 1781. Na ntinye n'ime agha Austria na-emezughị, na na na mbụ mmeri nke Russian Imperial Army Austrian agha na-enwe ike na-ọdịda nke 1789 Bucharest, Belgrade na Craiova. Na Sistovo (Bulgaria) na August 1791 Austria na Turkey bịanyere aka a iche iche udo nkwekorita. N'okpuru nduzi nke Prussia na England, bụ ndị nwere mmasị na-agwụ ike nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu, Austria hapụ agha we laghachi na Turkey, fọrọ nke nta niile nke nwere n'ókèala.

The pụta agha

Turkey ọzọ tara ahụhụ a imeri ke agha afọ 1787-1791. O nweghi ike allies, ndị bụ ike inye see okwu n'etiti Russia na Austria. Ke adianade do, Turkey na-emezughị ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu weghachi agha ọgụ ike mgbe mbụ Turkish agha. Na agha na Turks-adịghị agbasosi a ụfọdụ atụmatụ na-agbalị-etipịa onye iro ike, ọ bụghị a eru eme nke agha. A otu mmeri na oké osimiri ma ọ bụ na ala a nwere ike ọ gaghị emeri agha afọ. Turkey ọ bụghị nanị na-efu n'ókèala, ma na-akwụ Russia ihe indemnity na ego nke 7 nde rubles.

ụmụ ụmụ ebe nchekwa nke na-enwe mmeri agha

Russian na-ede uri G. R. Derzhavin na oge nke na-enwe mmeri kpọọ nke Ochakov dere ode. A afọ mgbe agha Ai Bukhara raara ọrụ ya na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine II "... On na kpọọ nke Ochakov".

Na July 1972, na a mbụ Turkish ụlọ alakụba na Ochakov e meghere Military History Museum. A. V. Suvorova. The isi mma nke ihe ngosi nka bu diorama "mgbe a batara na Ebe e wusiri ike Ochakov Russian agha ke 1788", nke e dere site na artist M. I. Samsonovym na 1971.