Asphalt ụzọ viscous mmanụ (GOST)

Bitumen - ọtụtụ-eji na-ewu ihe onwunwe, agaghi asu hydrophobic na magburu onwe nyagide Njirimara. Ọ na-emetụta tumadi mgbe asphalting ụzọ. Ọzọkwa, mgbe mgbe, nke a na ihe onwunwe na-eji dị ka a waterproofing maka ụlọ na owuwu. Ke ibuotikọ emi, niile nkọwa ga na eziokwu na ndị dị otú bitumen, ihe bụ ya Njirimara na ngwa.

definition

Bitumen akpọ retinoid oké viscous black umi. Ọ a na-abịa na lumps, nke n'ihu oji a gbazee na okpomọkụ. The mejupụtara nke bitumen nwere nnọọ mgbagwoju anya. Ọ na-anọchi anya a hydrocarbon compound na bases ya emepụta, nakwa dị ka metal, oxygen na nitrogen. Bụ ugbu a na ihe onwunwe na ụdị nile nke hetero compound. Ke ofụri ofụri, ndị mejupụtara nke bitumen bụ otú ọgaranya na njirimara nke niile ya mmiri bụ nanị agaghị ekwe omume.

Olee otú

The isi ngwaahịa na-eji maka nkwadebe nke bitumen bụ mmanụ. E nwere nanị atọ bụ isi ụzọ na-emepụta ihe a:

1. Ịta nke ihe mmapụta mmanụ site agụụ distillation. The ọgwụgwụ ngwaahịa bụ nro na fusible. Site usoro a na-enwetara site na bitumens vysokosmolistoy (sulfurous) mmanụ.
2. Ọxịdashọn nke sludge (mmanụ fọduru) site ịfụ oxygen na okpomọkụ nke 180 ... + 300 degrees. Na usoro a ọ nwetara a thermostable agbanwe ihe.
3. Ịgwakọta na oxidized mmapụta mmanụ distillates ngwaahịa.

eke bitumen

Ọtụtụ mgbe ihe a na-mere artificially na n'elu-kọwara atọ usoro. Otú ọ dị, e nwere a eke bitumen, e ji mara na ngwa nke na-dị otu ihe ahụ nke ot. Ọ na-adị na ọdịdị maka mmanụ ubi na Nleta a ụdị oghere. Dị ọcha ụdị, eke bitumen fọrọ adịghị ime. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ na-impregnates ọ bụla sedimenti. A, ndị a bụ oké nkume nke dị sandstone ma ọ bụ nkume nzu. Na nke a, dị ọcha eke bitumen nwetara mbido egweri nkume. Mgbe ụfọdụ, nke a dị nnọọ asphaltic na oké nkume ground juputara na-eji na ụzọ na-ewu.

Types of bitumen ubi were

Na ngwa nke a na ihe onwunwe na-ekewa n'ime anọ nnukwu iche iche:

• Construction bitumen. Ọ na-eji maka waterproofing nke mgbidi, ntọala, mikpuru a n'ala osisi akụkụ, na na na. D.
• Roofing. Ọ na-eji maka nchebe megide mmiri n'elu ụlọ nke residential, ulo oru na ụlọ ọha.
• Bitumen ụzọ. The kasị variant eji maka nkwadebe nke asphalts.
• Mkpuchi ihe. Ọ na-eji na-echebe megide mmiri na corrosion nke metal piping.

ụzọ korota

na hydrophobic ihe onwunwe na-kasị na-eji na-ewu na okporo ụzọ. E nwere ihe abụọ bụ isi ụdị nke bitumen:

• Viscous. Enwetara site na mmanụ ala.
• Liquid. Nke a variant na-arụpụtara site a viscous bitumen. Dị ka diluent eji na a na mmanụ.

Viscous bitumen ụzọ na-eji na-ewu ụlọ nke na okporo ụzọ na ndị ọkụ ọnwa. The mmiri mmiri na ihe onwunwe na-eji na oyi na-atụ oge. The viscous bitumen tupu stacking bụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na-agbaze okpomọkụ. The mmiri mmiri ihe ike ga-eji ma na oyi na-atụ na warmed ka. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị mgbe echichi ruru oxidative Filiks dị bitumen thicken na-enye a na ok, mmiri na-eguzogide na-agbanwe film.

Gịnị e ji mara m kwesịrị anya n'ihi na mgbe ịzụrụ

E nwere nanị atọ bụ isi kwa, nke nwere ike ikpebi na àgwà nke bitumen:

• ọgụgụ nro okpomọkụ;
• ductility (ogo ductility nke bitumen filaments);
• penetration (viscosity).

Nke ikpeazụ index kpebisiri ike site na-azọnye agịga n'ime bitumen ma ọ bụ cone na ụfọdụ okpomọkụ.

marking

Mụta banyere ihe bitumen maka ihe ụdị ọrụ dị nnọọ mfe. Iji mee nke a, anya na markings.

• Construction bitumen BN akwụkwọ ozi.
• Road - BN ma ọ bụ BND.
• Roofing - BNK.

Mgbe akwụkwọ ozi na-na-akanye abụọ digits mgbe oblique ịsụ na ịgba ọhịa. The mbụ nọmba egosi softening ebe, nke abụọ - na ogo nke viscosity. Nke ikpeazụ a na-kpebisie ike site na-azọnye agịga n'ime bitumen na okpomọkụ nke 25 Celsius ^C.

Stampụ viscous bitumen

Dị ka ekwuola, dị a ihe onwunwe na-ọnọ na iberibe ma ọ bụ na orù. Mgbe BN na-eji asphalting (mmanụ) na BND (bitumen ụzọ). Dị ka GOST emepụta iri ụdị a ihe onwunwe (MND si 200/300 ka 40/60, BN si 200/300 ka 60/90).

Liquid ụzọ bitumen

Nke a ihe onwunwe na-akara iche iche. E nwere nanị abụọ n'ime ya iche:

1. SG - ndim na nkezi na-agba.
2. Mg - ndim nwayọọ nwayọọ. Nke a variant na-eji na ụzọ na-ewu na II-V onodu ubochi zones.

Mgbe akwụkwọ ozi na nke a kwa bụ abụọ ikata mgbe ịsụ na ịgba ọhịa nke na-anọchi ndị allowable nso ductility (na ⁶⁰ ° C na-aperture nke 5 mm site viscometer).

Mgbe ị na-azụta egwu mkpa ka ị na-elele na akwụkwọ (paspọtụ) na mmiri mmiri bitumen ụzọ. Mark SG, dị nnọọ ka mg, MND na BN ga-esoriri na GOST +. The eziokwu na nke a bụ a akwụkwọ, na-ekwu ka ọ dị ala.

Safety mgbe arụ ọrụ na bitumen

Mgbe na-eji ihe a kwesịrị pụtara kpachara anya. Bitumen bụ ike edita. Flammability mgbanwe index akara kpebisiri ike ka flashpoint. Na viscous ụzọ ụlọ, roofing na waterproofing bitumen dị elu na mmiri mmiri - n'okpuru. Ya mere, mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na ọhụrụ kwesịrị ịkpachara anya karịsịa.

Ke adianade do, mgbe n'ịrụ arụmọrụ metụtara na ngwa, nchekwa, ụgbọ njem na na. G. bitumen maka ulo oru nchekwa iwu na ọ ga-eyi na-echebe uwe. Nke a na-egbochi ndị ọrụ si na-ada na akpụkpọ ụtọ, trudnosmyvaemye tụlee.

quality bitumen paspọtụ

Ghọtara bitumen ụlọ ọrụ ga-soro ụkpụrụ GOST 2245-90. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ugbu a na-emepụta ngwá ahịa nke ụdị na mma e ji mara. Ya mere, bitumen nke otu ma ọ bụ ọzọ ika ọhụrụ Akpan gbaara ndị isi nke laabu asambodo, na-akpọ akwụkwọ ikike ngafe. Ha dee parameters dị ka penetration, ductility, nro okpomọkụ nke ngwaahịa, na na. D.

Nyere ndị dị otú ahụ a akwụkwọ abụghị naanị viscous, kamakwa mmiri mmiri bitumen ụzọ mg. Passport àgwà nkwa nnabata ihe onwunwe e ji mara-ekwu site na emeputa. On akwụkwọ compulsorily Kaakwa enterprise obibi akwụkwọ.

N'ezie, e nwere ga-abụ a paspọtụ maka mmiri mmiri na mmanụ ala bitumen ụzọ SG, nakwa dị ka roofing na mkpuchi. Otu n'ime ihe ndị ọhụrụ ụdị ihe a nwere ike na-agụnye ihe atụ, ndị BND-U na Euro BV. Na-akwanyere ndị a àgwà ụkpụrụ na-adịghị kọwaa site GOST na tu na SRT. Na Euro BV mmepụta na-ewe n'ime akaụntụ chọrọ nke European ọkọlọtọ EN 12591.

The kasị ika

Na-ewu nke ndị akacha eji ụzọ bitumen 90/10. Manufacturers emepụta ma na-ere ya na nnukwu quantities na ya, waterproofing n'okpuru ala, ala akụkụ nke osisi na-akwado akụkụ, ofu-panel nkwonkwo, n'okpuru ala na mgbidi. Si ọzọ na-ewu ewu ika nke BN 70/30, ọ na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site akwa agbaze ebe. Nke a sakwuo mbara akporo nke ya eji, ebe ọ bụ na fim e nyere site na ha bụ pụrụ iguzogide nnukwu okpomọkụ kpo oku.

N'oge na-ewu nke okporo ụzọ na-eji bitumen ụzọ MG130 / 200. Ọ na-eji na-emekarị na ebe ebe oyi okpomọkụ adịghị ada n'okpuru 20 Celsius ^C. a ihe onwunwe forms a nnọọ pụrụ ịdabere na-eji ire ụtọ ụzọ elu.

Ọzọkwa anyị na-ewetara onye na-agụ na isi table e ji mara (GOST) nke abụọ ndị a iche iche nke bitumen.

Bitumen ụzọ, ụlọ ahụ ma na roofing - onwunwe, oké elu ina na ahịa. A taa ya ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ. Ya mere, họrọ a quality ngwaahịa ga-abụ nnọọ mfe. Ndị isi ihe - na ntị ka kpọọ na ịzụta kasị kwesịrị ekwesị na nke a nhọrọ.