Baa Uru akụkụ nke okwu ahụ. Asụpe ịrịba akụkụ nke okwu

Morphemic analysis of okwu - otu n'ime ndị kasị sie ike, ma otú n'ụzọ ziri ezi ẹmende a bara uru nke a okwu na-adabere na ya ziri ezi mkpoputa. Morpheme abuana ke guzobere ọhụrụ okwu, aha ha na-egosipụta site n'aka okwu guzobere. Na-amụ okwu 5th ọkwa, mgbe ahụ na-asa, na ha na-ugboro ugboro na-amụ isiokwu bụ "Okwu guzobere". Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, ihe ọmụma morphemics - onye nke ụlọ blocks nke ga-asụsụ. Mkpoputa kpebisiri ọnọdụ ikwu ọzọ morphemes, nrụgide, na lexical pụtara phonemes na-eme ka. Nke ahụ pụtara na ịrịba akụkụ nke okwu, ihe ha bụ, otú dee, na-akọwa na a n'isiokwu a.

Morphemics - sayensị banyere akụkụ nke okwu

Morphemics akụkụ nke sayensị nke asụsụ dị ka a ịdọ aka ná ntị na-amụrụ ịrịba akụkụ nke okwu n'otu n'otu, nakwa dị ka ihe ndị mejupụtara nke ihe àmà. Morpheme - a ịrịba akụkụ nke okwu, nke na-ekpebi ya uru. The mgbọrọgwụ na suffix, nganiihu na ọgwụgwụ, ntọala - na ọ bụ morpheme.

Kewaa okwu na ọrụ nke okwu, nakwa dị ka na ọnọdụ na mmekọrita ọ bụla ọzọ. Root - nke a bụ isi akụkụ nke bara uru okwu. Enweghị ya, ihe àmà na-apụghị-adị. Ọ bụ mgbe e. N'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ikwu okwu na-akpọ affixes. Dabere na ọnọdụ, ha na-ekewa n'ime prefixes (guzo n'ihu mgbọrọgwụ) na suffixes (emi odude mgbe mgbọrọgwụ) na flexion. Ha dị iche na ọrụ na-egwuri site.

Ụfọdụ morpheme abuana ke guzobere ọhụrụ okwu, suffix, nganiihu. Ndị ọzọ na-(flexion) ụdị okwu iche-iche.

Gịnị ka ọ pụtara ịrịba akụkụ nke okwu? Azịza ya dị mfe - ha si emetụta ya uru, okwu ma ọ bụ lexical. I nwere ike kee okwu n'ime akụkụ, syllables ma ọ bụ syllables otu. Ma echiche nke mkpa nke mmekọrịta nke ha na-agaghị.

mgbọrọgwụ

Ka anyị na-amalite na akụkụ kasị mkpa na-enweghị nke dịghị echiche nke okwu - na mgbọrọgwụ ya. Ọ kwubiri isi lexical pụtara.

Na echiche nke morpheme njikọ chiri anya - otu mgbọrọgwụ okwu. Ndị a bụ tokens na nwere otu mgbọrọgwụ. Of cognate okwu kpụrụ akwụ, nnukwu na obere. N'ihi ya, na okwu nile nke yist nanị otu mgbọrọgwụ okwu - yist. Na okwu kpakpando akwu ihe ndị ọzọ: a kpakpando, kpakpando, interstellar, ìgwè kpakpando, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Na-anọrọ na-akpata dị mkpa iji kọwaa lexical ihe okwu. Ya mere, yiri sounding okwu nwere ike dị iche iche na mgbọrọgwụ: ahụ ntu oyi n'ime pụtara ìhè ntu oyi na drizzle na uru nke drizzle. Ke akpa idaha nke ụmụ amaala -moroz-, nke abụọ - -moros-. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, ịrịba akụkụ nke mkpoputa okwu, na karịsịa na mgbọrọgwụ, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na-adabere na ha mkpebi siri ike na lexical pụtara.

E nwekwara multi-kpọrọ mgbọrọgwụ. Ya mere, -vod- mgbọrọgwụ ọ dịkarịa ala abụọ ọ pụtara. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere okwu ụgbọala, mmepụta, eduzi, idu ndú, a mgbọrọgwụ-egosi ihe. Na okwu nke mmiri, nke mmiri, na nkpọrọgwu-adanye na mmiri uru -vod- egosi affiliation mmiri.

orfogrammy mgbọrọgwụ

Root - a bara uru akụkụ nke okwu, a mkpoputa nke ga-a na-elekọta. Mgbe niile, ọ na-kwubiri isi lexical pụtara. E nwere ọtụtụ orfogramm a morpheme. Ha jikọọ na nwetụ ụda nke ụdaume na consonants, nakwa dị ka ndị graphemes na-scanned ike okwa.

Mgbọrọgwụ na nwetụ ụdaume na-echeta. N'ozuzu nwere ike kere n'ime ọtụtụ ihe:

1. Lelee ọnọdụ nke nchegbu. Ya mere, na mgbọrọgwụ -gar - / - gor- dere akwụkwọ ozi na a mesiri, na ihe ndị ọzọ nile ikpe - of: ọkụ, tan. Otu mgbọrọgwụ -zar - / - Zor; -klan - / - klon-; -tvar - / - okike.
2. Lelela sochiri a akwụkwọ ozi. Ọ mgbọrọgwụ -lag- (a) / - ugha; -kas- (a) / - CBS; -rast - / - rasch - / - ros-, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ mgbọrọgwụ na eri oké nri e / na: -ber - / - Beer; -der - / - dir-; Perot - / - PIR na ndị ọzọ. Ihe atụ: kwere / etinye; aka / mmetụ; osisi / ịzụlite / akwa; buru / m na-pụọ.
3. Enyocha olu okwu. Anya okwu na ụda bụ unstressed: mmeri - mmeri. Ikpeazụ - na nkwenye okwu nke akwụkwọ ozi e-anọchi ujo ọnọdụ.

Ma ihe ndị unpronounceable consonants, bụ na-elele chọrọ akwụkwọ ozi, ị mkpa ịchọta okwu otu ìgwè nke ọma dị mkpa e nụrụ: n'Eziokwu - nsọpụrụ. Nke abụọ okwu - nkwenye.

agwụcha

Ọgwụgwụ - eto akụkụ nke okwu ahụ. Ọ na-egosipụta ya okwu pụtara (okike, nọmba, ikpe). O nwere ike ịbụ efu.

Dị ka akụkụ ụfọdụ nke okwu na-adịghị etinye mgbanwe okwu ụdị - ha enweghị ọgwụgwụ. Tinye n'ime ndị a akụkụ nke okwu efu ogwugwu - a onwe ya nke okike. Ọ na-egosi na ndị mmadụ na-adịghị aghọta na nke a na-egosipụta a bara uru nke okwu. Ndị a bụ akụkụ nke okwu, dị ka:

• Adverb.
• Gerund.
• A obere ìgwè nke invariable adjectives (na agba aja aja).
• The comparative ogo adjectives.
• A obere ìgwè nke possessive nnọchiaha (ya, ha).

N'ihi ya, na okwu "home" - a efu agwụcha, dị ka okwu "backward" akwụsị n'ebe ahụ, n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe adverb - invariable akụkụ nke okwu.

N'ụzọ ziri ezi na a mata ya, ọ dị mkpa ịgbanwe okwu on mgbe, ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ nọmba. Na akụkụ nke okwu, nke na nke a dịgasị na ga-akwụsị: ẹkwọ - abụ bụrụ, na-abụ abụ, na-abụ abụ, ma ọ bụ na ugwu, ma ugwu, s, nke bụ ugwu ugwu.

mkpoputa endings

Correctness na-enyocha na njedebe nke na-ede akwụkwọ nke nouns dị ka ndị a: ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta declination n'ụzọ ziri ezi. The mbụ ojuju na dative otutu nouns na prepositional agụnye ede na-agwụcha -e: a mgbidi-e, mgbidi-e. Ọ na-adịghị emetụta nouns agwụcha ke -iya.

Nke abụọ declension endings -e-achọ naanị prepositional: a ụlọ-e-e nke ígwé ojii. Isịneke - okwu agwụcha ke adịkwa / -ie: a planetarium, a nketa.

Nke atọ declension achọ ẹkụre s otutu nouns na dative, genitive na prepositional: a nwaanyị nne ya mụrụ.

Dị ka ndị onye endings nke ngwaa, ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta ziri ezi conjugation: na ọgwụgwụ m nwere akwụkwọ ozi e ma ọ bụ y (w) (-esh / -ete / Ym, wdg). Ihe atụ: pash-eri pash-ete, pash iji.

Na II conjugation - akwụkwọ ozi na na (m) (-ish / -ite / -ma et al.). Ihe atụ: gbatịa-nwoke, onye-ndinyanade mbịne, gbatịa-NY.

The nganiihu na suffix

Ọ bụla dị ịrịba akụkụ nke okwu abuana ke guzobere ọhụrụ? Nke a nganiihu na suffix. Njikwa - bụ a ịrịba akụkụ nke okwu, nke guzo n'ihu mgbọrọgwụ. The suffix bụ n'azụ ha. Ya mere, site na okwu nke a na enyi na-enyemaka nke prefixes abụghị onye iro na-akpụ a okwu, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-eji -tuples suffix, anyị na-enweta okwu enyi. Ị nwere ike iji abụọ morphemes, mgbe ahụ, ị ga-esi okwu na obodo. The ụzọ mee na-akpọ nweta prefixed, suffix na platformers-suffix.

Na mgbakwunye na-eto eto ọrụ, suffixes nwere ike a ịkpụzi. N'ihi ya, n'ihi na e guzobere nke egosi ihe gara aga ngwaa suffix na-eji -l- (abụ bụrụ gua).

Mkpoputa suffixes nke ngwaa

Orfogrammy na suffix bụ fọrọ na akụkụ nke ọ bụla okwu. Ka anyị tụlee ihe ndị kasị ewu ewu.

Ngwaa mkpa ịmara na ndị na-esonụ iwu:

1. -ova suffixes - / - eva-; -iva / -yva-. Mkpoputa ego na otú ke akpa onye nke ugbu a guzo erikwa. Ọ bụrụ na nke a n'ụdị a na-eji -s / -yuyu, na suffix-asụpe ya ịbụ -ova - / - eva-. Ma ọ bụghị -iva - / - yva-.
2. Suffixes ngwaa nke forms - na sacraments - na-ekpebisi ike site conjugation nke ngwaa site na nke ugbu participle a kpụrụ. The mbụ na-agụnye conjugation -usch - / - yusch- abụọ -asch - / - yasch-.

Mkpoputa adjective suffix

adjective suffixes-eso iwu:

1. -ev suffixes - / - iv- mesiri ike ga-enyocha. The ike okwa nke akwụkwọ ozi e dere, na na-adịghị ike - akwụkwọ ozi e, n'ihi na ihe atụ, mara mma, agha .. -chiv suffixes - / - rainfalls ga-ede na ujo, na unstressed ọnọdụ.
2. Mkpoputa n na NN na adjective suffix na-adabere na Ọdịdị nke okwu na ojiji nke suffix. Ya mere, a okwu kpụrụ si ijuputa n'igirigi suffix n nke okwu foogu. Dere NN n'ihi NN odude ke nkwụsị nke abụọ morphemes. -onn adjective suffix - / - enn- mgbe niile e dere na HH: revolutionary ndụ.

Mkpoputa suffix nouns

Record n'ihi na ọnụnọ orfogramm na suffix - noun. ụkpụrụ ndị a:

1. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere a suffix egosi ọrụ, tupu t, d, s, s, w dere -chik-. Dị ka ihe atụ, a pilot, a defector, korota, ma lamplighter, na ferryman. Ọ ga na-ahụ na-echeta -tel- suffix e dere nanị na e: nkụzi, nkuzi.
2. A nnukwu ìgwè pụtara obere nnụnụ mee suffixes, na-na-achọ ngwa nke iwu. Olee otú ha na-ejikọrọ na nchegbu, na mgbanwe nke ụdị okwu. -tuples suffixes - (- ek) Onokov (-enok-) adabere na nchegbu. The ike okwa na-mgbe e dere banyere: Galchonok, kushachok, ma nwa pusi.
3. Ịgbanwe anya na ụdị okwu ndị na-esonụ mgbe: -ek- ma ọ bụ -ik- ego dị ka ndị a: tinye okwu na genitive. A mpịakọta akwụkwọ ozi -ek-, ma ọ bụghị - -ik-. Dị ka ihe atụ: n'akpa uwe (dịghị akpa), isi (enweghị isi). Nke abụọ ahụ akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na-ekpe, n'ihi ya, ọ na-echekwara na na suffix. -ets suffix - / - its- elele, ikpebi agbụrụ. Na ndị mmadụ ga--ets-, nwanyị na enweghinke obu - -its-: nwanne, kama mmiri nke uwe.

mkpoputa consoles

N'adịghị ka suffixes orfogrammy na consoles bụ otu maka n'akụkụ nile nke okwu.

1. Part nke set-top igbe kwesịrị icheta na ọdịiche nke ha ide adịghị na Russian asụsụ. Kasị mgbasa: c; ob-; The ikwu; n'ihu; a. Ihe atụ: na-aga gburugburu, ẹmia anya, iri ari, creep.
2. Dịgasị iche consoles agwụcha ke s / s dị mkpa iji chọpụta ụda, nke na-amalite na-akpata. Ọ bụrụ na a kwupụtara mgbochiume ma ọ bụ udaume - ede ihe ọ bụla nke ma - na. Ikpegara (s, nke-amalite na mgbọrọgwụ, kwupụtara) ma ọ bụ ịrị elu (mgbọrọgwụ amalite na n ntị chiri ụda).
3. Ọ bụrụ na mgbọrọgwụ na-amalite na, na ọ ga-anọchi s, na o mere mgbe ndị nganiihu agwụ na a mgbochiume. Background, ịbịaru, ghọgbuo.
4. A pụrụ iche otu nke prefixes pre- / pri-. Ha ide bụ dabere na lexical pụtara na a morpheme-egosipụta. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere incompleteness mmekọrịta chiri anya na obibia - ga-dere pri-. Ka ihe atụ, ala gbara osimiri okirikiri (nso oké osimiri), ubé oghe (n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-emeghe), na-abịa (eru nso).