Basic klas na umu nke akpaetu: Myirịta na Iche

Otu n'ime ndị kacha ochie bi na mbara ala anyị nwere ọtụtụ ụdị mosses na lichens na-ekpuchi nnukwu ebe. Ndị a osisi na-n'otu kinship na algae, ma e nwere ịrịba ọdịiche dị n'etiti ha.

Lichen symbiosis anọchi anya dịkwa ka usoro ha na algae. N'agbata ero emep uta eri na-eto eto algae. Dị otú ahụ lichen ahu Ọdịdị na-enyere ndị osisi banye mmiri site fungal filaments na usoro minerals etisasịwo nime ya na organic umi na green algae. Tụnyere na akpaetu, lichens ọzọ undemanding ma na ezughi oke mmiri akpọnwụ na-anwụ na ndị na-anọghị nke ìhè.

Mosses mkpa ndò na mmiri nke na-aracha ya aracha si n'ala na pụrụ iche ọdụ eriri - rhizoids, nke na-eme ka mgbọrọgwụ. Dị iche iche ụdị nke akpaetu nwere a dị iche iche Ọdịdị, ma ha niile mụta nwa site spores. Mmiri na-arụ a isi ọrụ na amụba ka ọ bụ na enyemaka nke ndị ikom na esemokwu iru zaigọtụ nwanyi na ifatilaiza ya.

All iche iche nke mosses mụta nwa na onye n'etiti ogbo - guzobe asexual osisi - protofitom enweghị ike amụba, nke matures Capsule na spores. Dị ka a n'ihi nke meiosis na ụdị spores asiaha proton - a threadlike Ọdịdị nke a na-ekemende tọghatara n'ime inyom ma ọ bụ nwoke osisi - gametophyte. N'ihi ya, e nwere ihe eri oké nri nke mmekọahụ ọgbọ asexual.

N'ịgbasa akpaetu osisi conventionally kewara 3 ọmụmụ:

1. Antotserotovye. Mosses na klas a na e nwere ihe karịrị 300 umu, isi nkesa ebe - na ogbe. Antotserotovye mosses nwere a peculiar Ọdịdị - kenwe na-emi odude ke ala oyi akwa osisi, emejupụta ndị tinyekwa nke sikwa ihe elongated struchkovidny sporogony enwe eletary - eri ikwado a mma dispersion nke spores.

2. Imeju mosses na-anọchi anya subclasses marshantsievye na jungermanniales. The mbụ subclass ekpuchi osisi, gametophyte nke nwere ike iche na udi ma na nwere otu mmanu mmanu obere ahu na sporogonia oge ochie na-enweghị partitions. Osisi abụọ subclass nwere ọtụtụ mmanu mmanu corpuscles na nnọọ iche iche dị na ụdị gametophyte. Liverworts karịsịa nkịtị na ogbe na subtropics.

3. Listostebelnye. Mosses deciduous ụdị nwere ọtụtụ iri puku (banyere 95% nke mosses) na-agụnye atọ subclasses: brievye, sphagnum na Andreeva. Site Andreev bụ obere osisi red-aja aja na agba, na-eto na nkume. N'ihi na sphagnum ji kpọmkwem sporogonia azuokokoosisi na a * Tụkwasị na Capsule. Brievye mosses bụ nnọọ iche iche, ma ihe niile osisi nwere ihe pụrụ iche ezé maka spore dispersal.

All deciduous ghọrọ ebe nile n'ime ọhịa ma swamps, ke edere edere akụkụ. The kasị ama bụ akpaetu Kukushkin flax, sphagnum leukobry - ụdị akpaetu, foto nke pụtara dị ka a dị oké njọ encyclopedias, nakwa dị ka gị foto collection.

Mosses egwu a nnukwu ọrụ ke guzobere biocenoses na guzobere peat, nke na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ. Maka aha nke imewe nke ubi akpa nkata eji akpaetu, nke dị mfe na-eto eto na ha onwe ha, na-eji yist, sugar, yogot na ihe ọ bụla akụkụ nke osisi.