Charles Sanders Peirce - nchoputa nke pragmatism na semiotics: a biography, isi ọrụ

Charles Sanders Peirce - American ọkà ihe ọmụma, logician, mgbakọ na mwepụ, na ọkà mmụta sayensị, nke ụfọdụ ndị na-akpọ "nna nke pragmatism". Ọ natara akwụkwọ dị ka a mmiri ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka a ọkà mmụta sayensị ruo ihe karịrị afọ 30. Ọ na-ekele ya onyinye mgbagha, mgbakọ na mwepụ, na nkà ihe ọmụma na semiotics. Ọzọkwa ewu ewu American ọkà mmụta sayensị na tinye n'ihu isi ndokwa nke a nkà ihe ọmụma ugbu a na - pragmatism.

ude

Charlz Pirs - bụ ihe innovator na mgbakọ na mwepụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ, na nkà ihe ọmụma, na ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ nke ọmụmụ nke dị iche iche na sayensị. Pierce weere onwe ya mbụ logician. O mere ka a oké onyinye a sayensị. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ meghere mgbagha nke ụzọ maka ọhụrụ nchoputa na nkwubi okwu. Ọ hụrụ ómárí a iwu alaka ụlọ ọrụ semiotics, nchoputa nke nke bụ. Ọzọkwa, Charlz Pirs kọwaa echiche nke abductive echiche, nakwa dị ka nditịm chepụtara mgbakọ na mwepụ itinye n'ọkwa na deductive echiche. Ugbua na 1886 ọ hụrụ na ezi uche dị na arụmọrụ nwere ike rụrụ site eletriki ịmafe na sekit na sekit. Otu echiche e ji mee ọtụtụ iri afọ mgbe e mesịrị n'ihi na mmepụta nke digital kọmputa.

Gịnị bụ pragmatism?

Pragmatism - a nkà ihe ọmụma na-emekarị nke malitere na United States na 1870. Pragmatism huru chere ka a ịkọ ngwá ọrụ na-edozi nsogbu na-eme ihe, ma na-ajụ echiche na ihe mmadụ bu n'uche ọrụ metụtara na metaphysics na ndị dị otú ahụ nkịtị ihe dị ka ihe yiri eziokwu na mmetụta nke elu ọgụgụ isi akara aka. Pragmatists-arụ ụka na eziokwu bụ nanị ihe na-enye ndị bara uru ọ bara uru na-arụpụta. Pragmatism Charles Peirce akọwa "a na-agbanwe agbanwe eluigwe na ala", ka idealists, realists na Thomists (eso ụzọ Catholic echiche) uche "adịghị agbanwe agbanwe eluigwe na ala." Pragmatism - ọ bụ a na nkà ihe ọmụma, nke bụ ihe megidere niile mgbalị kọwaa metaphysics na-akpaghasị eziokwu ọ bụla a na-direction ka a nwa oge otutu mmadu kwenyere n'etiti ndị mmadụ na-amụ ihe.

Gịnị bụ semiotics?

Semiotics - ọmụmụ nke pụtara egosi Filiks. Nke a na-agụnye ọmụmụ nke ihe ịrịba ama nke semiotic Filiks, ha ntụziaka akara myirịta, ntụnyere, akụkọ ifo, atụ na ihe atụ. Nke a na-amụ explores na sayensị nke ihe ịrịba ama na akara dị ka akụkụ nke nkwurịta okwu. N'ụzọ dị iche, mmụta asụsụ, semiotics na-ịgagharị na-abụghị asụsụ ndị ogbi na usoro.

Semiotika Prọfesọ Charles S. Peirce

The semiotics nke Charles Peirce achọpụta a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke isi echiche (echiche nke ihe ịrịba ama, ha pụtara na ihe atụ mmekọrịta). Ọ maara na a na mpaghara nke nnyocha kwesịrị n'otu sayensị - semiotics. Ya mere, Pierce achoputala isi banye n'eluigwe, nke semiotics, na ya nhazi ọkwa:

• Ịrịba ama akara ngosi: graphic ịrịba ama, nke pụtara ihe dị mkpa na-enwe a nkịtị ọmụmụ gbasara asụsụ ndaba. Otu ihe atụ bụ ịdọ aka ná ntị ịrịba ama "akpachara anya: ụmụ", nke na-egosi na agba ụmụ. Nke a na-eme n'okporo ụzọ ịrịba ama ka ibelata ọsọ n'okporo ụzọ na atọrọ nso ụlọ akwụkwọ, kindergartens, keobere egwuregwu ngalaba (ma ọ bụ nka na), na na. D.
• Ịrịba ama index dị iche iche: pụtara pụtakwara ihe (ma ọ bụ omume) jikọrọ dịkarịa ala dị anya na oge ma ọ bụ ohere. Otu ihe atụ bụ signage na okporo ụzọ, nke na-enye njem ozi banyere aha, direction na anya na-esonụ obodo. Ọzọkwa, visual ịrịba ama, nke na-egosi ihe atụ, iwe - atụle a ịrịba ama-index, n'ihi na ọ na-ebute site ná ndị mmadụ obi ala (na nke a - iwe).
• Ịrịba ama-akara: na-egosi na signifier bụ otu agwa n'okpuru prism nke a ụfọdụ convection (ọ na-abịa tupu mgbakọ). I nwere ike na-ewetara na otu ihe atụ nke a ụzọ ihe ịrịba ama na-egosi "tụgharịa" ndị triangle. Ibuga pụtara ịrịba ama - a-enye "ụzọ", ma ya designation nwere ihe ọ bụla na-eme na-akpali akpali ihe, n'ihi na ọ bụ naanị nọdụ triangle. N'okpuru otu prism dara mba akara, ebe image ihe bụ achọghị ihe niile. The akara nwere ike okwu nile nke ẹdude asụsụ, ma na ndepụta nke wezụga nweta okwu-eṅomi (dị ka "croak", "meow", "ikwo wkwo", "oyo" na ihe ndị yiri).

Charlz Pirs: biography

A mụrụ na September 10, 1839, na Cambridge (Massachusetts), nwa nke ama American mgbakọ na mwepụ, enyocha mbara igwe Benjamin Peirce. Charles duru a ùgwù n'oge ndụ: nne na nna jụrụ adọ aka ná ntị na ịkụziri ụmụ ha n'ihi egwu na-ebelata ha iche. Ke adianade do, agụmakwụkwọ na ọgụgụ isi ikuku nke a n'ụlọ, nke a na-gara ukwuu ime mmụọ na mkpa ozu, Pierce ekweghị ka họrọ a dị iche iche site na nkà mmụta sayensị na ụzọ. N'etiti ndị ọbịa ndị na-esikarị pụtara ìhè mathematicians na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na-ede uri, ndị ọkàiwu na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Na nke a na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-eto eto Charles Pierce bụ ike ịnọgide na-enwe obi ma na-mmasị.

Pierce bụ nke abụọ nke ise nwa n'ime ezinụlọ. O nwere anọ nkà ụmụnna ndị na-na-na-ezughị ezu jikọrọ ndụ ha na sayensị na n'ọkwá dị elu. Dzheyms Mills Peirce (nwoke nke okenye) soro nna ya na Harvard University, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ mgbakọ na mwepụ na omimi.

Nwanna nwoke ọzọ, Herbert Henry Pierce, nwere a na-akwanyere ùgwù ọrụ na ọgụgụ isi ọrụ ndị Foreign Ministry. Nwanne, Benjamin Mills Peirce, mụọ engineering ma a ịga nke ọma, ma na ọ nwụrụ na-eto eto na mpaghara ebe a. Talent ụmụnna, karịsịa Charles, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu metụtara na nnukwu ọgụgụ isi na mmetụta nke nna ha, nakwa dị ka na n'ozuzu ndụ-ọgụgụ isi ikuku ndị gbara ha gburugburu mgbe niile.

Charlz Pirs: akwụkwọ, na nkà mmụta sayensị akwụkwọ

The ewu ewu na aha nke Pierce n'ụzọ dị ukwuu dabere na ya ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị akwụkwọ e bipụtara na American n'akwụkwọ sayensị. Ihe odide ya na-efegharị efegharị na "American Academy nke Arts na Sciences", na "National Academy nke Sciences" na Journal of ada Philosophy Popular Science Monthly. Scientific ọrụ nke Charles Sanders Peirce na mgbakọ na mwepụ na nkà ihe ọmụma na-kewara abụọ nkebi: bipụtara n'oge ya ndụ na mgbe ọnwụ ya.

Akwụkwọ Pierce n'oge ya ndụ

• Akwụkwọ bụ "The photometric ọmụmụ" 1878. 181-page monograph na ojiji nke spectrographic ụzọ nke mbara igwe.
• The akwụkwọ "Studies na Logic na Johns Hopkins '1883. Collection of na nkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ nke gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị dọkịta, tinyere onwe-ya, Charles Pierce, na ubi nke mgbagha.

Main posthumous akwụkwọ

Harvard University natara n'aka nwunye ya Pierce multiple akwụkwọ mgbe ya nwụrụ (1914). N'ọfịs ya hụrụ banyere 1650 bipụtara ihe odide na a ngụkọta nke 100 000 peeji nke. First bipụtara anthology isiokwu Pierce bụ a onye-olu akwụkwọ akpọ "Chance, Ịhụnanya na Logic: a nkà ihe ọmụma edemede." Ọrụ replicated, nhazi Morris Raphael nchụàjà na 1923. Mgbe e mesịrị wee malite ịpụta na ndị ọzọ na anthologies na akwụkwọ nke di na 1940, 1957, 1958, 1972, 1994 na 2009.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị odide Pierce esesịn a bipụtara, ma e nwere ụfọdụ na-amaghị ìhè site na ya erughị eru akwụkwọ.

• 1931-58: "A collection of isiokwu site Charles Sanders Peirce" 8 mpịakọta. Ebe a na-niile nke ọrụ ya na oge site na 1860 ka 1913. Otú ọ dị, ndị kasị ibu ma na-amị mkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-amalite na 1893. Ná mmalite, na isiokwu na-adịghị ahaziri na ịdị iche iche size, otú ahụ ka nchịkọta akụkọ na-achọ ka nyefee ziri ezi ụdị. Si mbụ nke isii olu nhazi Charles Hartshorne, na-asa na asatọ - Arturom Burkom.
• 1975-87: "Charles Sanders Peirce: onyinye mba" - 4 mpịakọta. Nke a collection nwere ihe karịrị 300 reviews na isiokwu Pierce, nke na-ezughị ezu e bipụtara n'oge ya ndụ na oge site na 1869 ka 1908. Collection of na nkà mmụta sayensị akwụkwọ e bipụtara, nhazi Kenneth Lane nkọ na James Edvarda Kuka.
• 1976 - ugbu: "New Ihe of Mathematics nke Charles S. Peirce" - 5 mpịakọta. Ebe a na-ebipụta na-kacha arụpụta arụ ọrụ Pierce na mgbakọ na mwepụ. Editorial - Kerolin Eyzele. Status nke oru ngo na-adịghị anya na-anọgide "na mmepe."
• 1977 - ugbu: "Akwụkwọ ozi n'etiti Charles S. Peirce na Viktoriey Uelbi si 1903 na 1912-nke."
• 1982 - ugbu: "Akwụkwọ Nsọ nke Charles S. Peirce - n'usoro Edition". The mbụ oru ngo bụ akwụkwọ na 2010, ma na-arụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu n'oge a. First bipụtara 6 mpịakọta ekpuchi ndụ nke a ọkà mmụta sayensị na oge site na 1859 ka 1889.
• 1985 - ugbu: "The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke sayensị echiche Pierce: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke sayensị" - 2 mpịakọta. Edited Kerolin Eyzele.
• 1992 - ugbu: "Na-ekwu Okwu na ezi uche nke ihe" - nkuzi Prọfesọ Chrizaan maka 1898 nke afọ. Idegharị: Kenneth Lane Kinner kwuru Hilary Putnam.
• 1992-98: Mkpa Peirce - 2 mpịakọta. Mkpa ihe atụ nke nkà ihe ọmụma ọrụ Charles Pierce. Edited Netan Hauser (1st olu) na Christian Clausel (2nd olu).
• 1997 - ugbu: "Pragmatism dị ka ụkpụrụ na usoro nke ziri ezi echiche." Pierce Collection of okwu na Pragmatism na Harvard University n'ụdị a nkenke izi akwụkwọ. Editorial: Patricia Ann Turis.
• 2010 - ugbu: "The Philosophy of Mathematics: Họrọ Works." Nanị, na mbụ mgbe bipụtara, ọrụ Pierce na ubi nke mgbakọ na mwepụ. Idegharị: Metyu Mur.

The onyinye nke oké ọkà mmụta sayensị na nkà mmụta sayensị

Charles S. Peirce mere a usoro nke na-eju nchoputa ke iwu mgbagha, isi mgbakọ na mwepụ. Ọzọkwa, American ọkà mmụta bụ nchoputa nke pragmatism na semiotics. Ọtụtụ n'ime ya na nkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ ụmụnna obi ụtọ ruo mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. Scientist nwụrụ na April 19 n'afọ 1914.