Description Sampson Katidral. Sampson Katidral ke St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg nwere ihe iju njem nleta. Drawbridges, konkiri embankments nke Neva na oyi na-atụ ripples kere ya ama nke St. Petersburg. Ọtụtụ ndị nọ n'obodo dị iche iche ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta. Northern isi obodo, n'adịghị ke Moscow, nwere ike ghara ịnya isi nke oku azụ ọtụtụ narị afọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma e nwere ụfọdụ n'oge ochie. Na-elekwasị anya nke isiokwu a ga-Sampson Katidral ke St. Petersburg. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie ụka, chekwara na ụbọchị anyị. Na mgbakwunye na-akpali ije, katidral na-adọrọ uche na ezi obi kwere ekwe, n'ihi na e nwere na ị nwere ike na-efe ihe ncheta nke St Sampson. Nke a ugbu a na katidral Rector họpụtara ahụ n'usoro nke archpriest Alexander Pelin. Ma chọọchị na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ngosi nka ọrụ. The pụrụ iche iconostasis nke katidral na-abụghị nanị ihe bara uru maka ndị Kraịst Ọtọdọks, ma a na-akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị bụ mmasị. Ncheta Peter Ukwu nwekwara mmadụ na mberede na-etinye na-esote na chọọchị. Mgbe niile, na Katidral na-jikọrọ ya na ihe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke anyị n'ala nna na ya dị ebube mmeri.

prehistory

Na Russia, ọ dịwo anya e duziri na-ewu a na chọọchị raara nye ịrịba ihe. Na a raara nye nsọ ụka, na n'ubọchi a ụbọchị mere na Orthodox kalenda. Dị ka ihe atụ, nwere ike na-edu Church of St. Panteleimon. Day nke ịsọpụrụ ya na ebe nchekwa na-eme ememe site Orthodox na 27 July. A na ụbọchị na 1714 na 1720 Akwa Peter meriri n'agha nke Gangut na Grengam. Site n'otu mgbagha tọrọ na Sampson Katidral ke St. Petersburg. Ma mmeri na merie ndị agha Petra Velikogo n'ụbọchị Agha nke Poltava (June 27, agadi style - July 8) na 1709, bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị ịrịba ama. N'ezie, ọ na-atụgharị tide ofụri Russian-Swedish agha. Ya mere akụkọ ihe mere eme inwale mkpa nke Agha nke Poltava. Ma ebe ọ bụ June 27 Orthodox ememe ncheta Reverend Sampson na-ele ọbịa, na-aha maka ụlọ nsọ ahụ kpebiri ogologo oge tupu ya e wuru. Pita na-eche maka ẹkụre ọrụ na nmeju nke temple, nke anyị na-ahụ taa. Anyị wuchaa ya n'oge ọchịchị Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Anny Ioannovny.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Katidral

Petr Veliky ezi chere na ebe nchekwa nke Agha nke Poltava bụ ịnọgide na-echeta ihe nile ndị Russia. Ya mere, ozugbo mmeri, o nyekwara iwu na-ewu Sampson Katidral. The saịtị a họọrọ na a ndumodu nke ya. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ ụzọ na-eduga na Vyborg - na ntụziaka nke Sweden, a osisi na chọọchị e wuru. N'otu 1710 ọ na-nsọ na aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke Sampson na-ele ọbịa. Ugbu a na ebe nke mbụ chọọchị bụ uka nke katidral. Ebe ọ bụ na e odude ná mpụga obodo ókè nke iri na asatọ na narị afọ, e kpebiri igosi a ọhụrụ na-eli ozu. Mgbe afọ iri na asatọ, na 1728, ọ malitere na-ewu nke a ọhụrụ nkume ụlọ. Otú ọ dị, dị ka na-eme na Russia, raara nye ndị na-ewu ụlọ na-enweghị ego. Construction ahụ kwụsịrị na naanị iso mgbe Anna Ioannovna. The ụlọ ahụ na-nsọ na 1740.

Sampson Cathedral Museum

ụlọ nke ụlọ nsọ ahụ ugboro ugboro rụziri tupu October mgbanwe. N'ihi ya, na 1830s nwughari nke ime nke ụka ẹkenịmde, n'oge nke nkedo ígwè n'ala dochie a nkume. Cathedral mgbagwoju ahụhụ n'oge mgbanwe. Na 1933, ihe niile mgbịrịgba e wepụrụ si belfry na wezụga nke otu, bụ onye tara ahụhụ mgbe e mesịrị, na February 1942 n'ihi na nke projectile hit. Na 1938 na katidral e mechiri. N'ihi na a ogologo oge ọ na-chọpụtara na ụlọ ahịa njikere mere uwe. Na 2000, ihe ngosi nka-ncheta "St. Sampson Cathedral" e mesịrị meghere. Mgbe afọ abụọ gachara restorers arụ ọrụ mweghachi nke ji achọ murals nke nave. Anyị ekwuola na Sampson Cathedral - ugbu a Orthodox chọọchị. The mbụ efe ofufe adịghị ẹkenịmde mgbe re-nmeju nke ụka May 21, 2002. Ugbu a ndị ọrụ na-enwe n'ebe ahụ ụbọchị ọ bụla.

Sampson Cathedral: esi

Agbanyeghị, a na chọọchị wuru na mba, na-otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie ndụ na St. Petersburg. Ọ, nakwa dị ka a ncheta Peter Ukwu, emi odude dị nso, bụ n'etiti iri akpọkwa "poolu si" Northern isi obodo. Gịnị bụ adreesị nke nlegharị anya? Ebe ọ na-emi odude na obodo map Sampson Katidral? St. Petersburg, Big Sampson Avenue (a maara ugbu a dị ka Vyborg tract), d. 41. Iji ruo chọọchị, ogologo oge gara aga wee a obodo, ọ bụghị ihe odide n'akụkụ, ọ dị nnọọ mfe. Ọ bụ kacha iru site na ụzọ ụgbọ oloko. Mkpa ka ị na-aga "Vyborg" ojii. Nke a n'ebe ugwu-westerly direction si center. N'oge a, Sampson ụka ndutịm akụkụ nke ihe ngosi nka na St. Isaac Katidral. Ọ bụ a dum ụkpụrụ ụlọ mgbagwoju. Ọ na-agụnye n'ezie Cathedral, mgbịrịgba elu, uka na uka ili - niile na nọgidere nke ugboro buru ibu na-eli ozu.

nkume ụka

The dum ụkpụrụ ụlọ mgbagwoju ese kwekọrọ na a ìhè-acha anụnụ anụnụ na agba. Otú ọ dị, ụlọ na-wuru na dị iche iche ugboro na ụdị dị iche iche. Nkume ụlọ Sampson Katidral na mgbịrịgba elu e dechara na 1740. Architect nọgidere na-amaghị ama. Ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike na-eche na-ede akwụkwọ ndị a ụlọ ọrụ bụ ma ọ bụghị Mikhail Zemtsov, ma ọ bụ Dzhuzeppe Trezini. The iche nke ụlọ nke katidral bụ ngwakọta nke ekwekọghị. Ọ ike deere dị ka a tupu Petrine ụkpụrụ ụlọ forms na ọcha, na-akpọ ndị ọkachamara 'Annensky Baroque "(aha ya bụ Anna Ioannovna). Ná mmalite, ụlọ nsọ ahụ topped site a nnukwu dome na a elu drum faceted. Ma na 1761 ọ nọgidere na-anọ obere cupolas. Nke a n'elu ụlọ - ise yabasị domes - anya nnọọ ihe ọhụrụ. The ụlọ a na-wuru nke brick on a na nkume nzu nke ntọala. The elu nke katidral na eaves - asatọ mita, na Krusty, okpu na dome - iri atọ na ise mita. Site na refectory n'akụkụ ụlọ nsọ ahụ.

belfry

Ọ bụ eleghị, ọ bụ brainchild nke otu-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ onye wuru na St. Sampson Katidral. The mgbịrịgba elu bụ ihe pụrụ iche St. Petersburg, dị ka nwere ndị ọcha nke Russian style of tupu Petrine oge. The ụlọ a na-ekewa atọ tiers. Lower egosi wider n'ihi na abụọ mpụta extensions. Ọ nwere oghere n'ụdị ihe njiko. Upper tiers na-mere na Tuscan style. Na nke abụọ n'ala na-mere decorations "ụgha window". Na-atọ EBIONITISM nke belfry chọpụtara mgbịrịgba nke XVIII narị afọ. Top nke na-ewu ụlọ tent na asatọ mejupụtara. Ọ nwere ike na-hụrụ dị ka a ụgha window, n'elu nke adahade yabasị poppy-isi na a cross. Nke a mgbịrịgba elu bụ nnọọ gbara gharịị maka St. Petersburg, ma nke ọma na ndi bi na oge ochie Russian obodo - Yaroslavl, Moscow, na ndị ọzọ Solikamsk.

uka

Ọ na-anọchi na saịtị nke mbụ St. Sampson Katidral ke 1710. Mgbe osisi ụlọ ka rekasịrịla, na Diocese nke ndị bi ka toro nke ukwuu nke na a pụghị dị na a obere ụka, e kpebiri na-ewu a nkume chọọchị. Osisi katidral a kagburu iwu na saịtị sụrụ. Ma ọ bụ nanị na 1909 ka e ji wuo a uka. Ụlọ a bụ nnọọ iche na style si na katidral na mgbịrịgba elu. Ọ e wuru-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ AP Aplaksin, samples of nke di na-arụ ọrụ F. B. Rastrelli. Ndị ọkachamara na-akpọ nke a style of Elizabethan Baroque na-arịba ama na ọ na-etinyere ukwuu mgbe e mesịrị ka oge ya. The mgbịrịgba elu anya tọrọ ya n'ezie bụ. Ọdịdị nke iri na asatọ na narị afọ ụlọ na-enye ya a ụzọ nke akuku na ogidi, mechie pediment na "ihe niile na-anya nke Onyenwe anyị", dormer na a na-ejegharị na-yabasị dome. Ikekwe nke a adịgboroja "ochie" e tụziri nke mkpa ịnabata a uka nri na-esote na Katidral nke iri na asatọ na narị afọ.

na-eli ozu

Ebe ọ bụ na ụlọ nsọ Sampson, bụ ná mpụga obodo ókè, ọ bụ ihe ezi uche ka a na-eli ozu n'ebe ahụ. Tupu mgbe ahụ, ndị mmadụ nọ na-eli gburugburu ha parish chọọchị. Parish esịt bụ obere, na ebe tọgbọ chakoo. Mgbe e kpebiri iji lie e nwụrụ anwụ nọ n'ime Russia mba ọzọ. Mgbe niile, na ha na-a ụdị na-awagharị awagharị, bụ ndị hapụrụ ụwa a ná mba ọzọ. N'ihi ya, ha ga-n'okpuru mkpọrọ nke Sampson na-ele ọbịa. N'ihi ya, e nwere na-hụrụ ikpeazụ mgbaba nke a maara nke ọma nke nna ukwu, wuru na mma Petersburg. Sampson Cathedral bụ na-ezu ike n'ebe ahụ architects Dzhuzeppe Trezini, A.Shlyutera, G. Mattarnovi, JB Leblon, ọkpụ K.Rastrelli, ese na S.Torelli L. Caravaca. N'ụzọ dị mwute, na-eli ozu na-adịghị chebere. Na 1885, iwu nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine II, ọ kagburu, na n'ọnọdu-ya fọduru a uka n'ili nke gburu June 27, 1740 na-emegide Biron - P.Eropkina, A.Hruschova na A.Volynskogo. Na saịtị nke ili ha ncheta na Bas-arụ ọrụ enyemaka nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ọkpụ M. Schurupova A.Opekushin.

iconostasis

Ịgwakọta ekwekọghị anagide mpụga mma nke temple, na e nwere na ya interiors. "Annensky Baroque" nwere ike hụrụ na atọ iconostasis of St. Sampson Katidral. Of akpan akpan uru bụ isi, emi odude ke Central nave. Ọ bụ ihe ịtụnanya masterpiece nke Russian iconography nke n'oge iri na asatọ na narị afọ. Isi etiti ka nke pine, na mma ihe - Linden. Na ndịda wara wara (Arhistratiga Mihaila) na n'ebe ugwu (Ioanna Bogoslova) emi odude obere iconostasis n'ime anọ tiers. Ha nwere a ọzọ obi umeala size, ma ọ bụghị usụhọde ndị isi nke nkà uru. Ọbịa ka ajụjụ nke otú ndị a pụrụ ichekwa iconostasis si Cathedral na a siri ike akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke a gara na a nkwakọba nke akwụkwọ nri na uwe ụlọ ahịa. Fọrọ nke nta abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ihe osise ndị chọọchị ọnụ ụzọ ámá na-laghachiri temple nke Alexander Suvorov ngosi nka.

Ncheta Peter Ukwu

Na ụbọchị nke ememe nke bicentenary nke Agha nke Poltava (1909), e kpebiri na-emeghe a ọkpụkpụ nke na-eto eto na a agha. Iji mee nke a, foduru nke na-eli ozu nke St. Sampson Cathedral sụrụ. Ncheta Peter ndị arụpụtara ọkpụ MM Antokolsky na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ N.E.Lansere. N'otu oge ya meghere ncheta e dere ede na ndịda na n'ebe ugwu facades nke nsọ, bụ ebe ha na-apị eze okwu ndikom-ya tupu mgbe Agha nke Poltava. Otú ọ dị, na 1938 a ncheta Peter Ukwu kagburu. Ọ bụ nanị na ọtụtụ afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na May 2003, afọ mma nke St. Petersburg re-nkedo nke mmebe na kowe ya n'ebe - n'ihu mgbịrịgba elu. Ego na-ekenyela na Museum "St. Isaac Katidral."

The n'ime ime mma

E wezụga na-akpali iconography ẹnịm murals nke temple. The kasị nkọwa doro anya - na isi nave. Ọ na-egosi Peter Ukwu dị ka-eto eto nke Agha nke Poltava. Na-akpali visual ikwọ "Chineke Pụrụ Ime Ihe Niile" na "okwukwe", emi odude ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ mgbidi refectory. Ndị a osise na-akpa azụ ka mbubreyo iri na asatọ na narị afọ. Ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ, e nwere ike hụrụ iberibe nke icon of St. Sampson Cathedral, nke ụlọ iberibe nke Uwe Mwụda nke Onye-nwe, a nkume n'okpuru ụkwụ ya na ihe onwunwe nke ndị nsọ. Ndị a onwunwe e enịm ke a silver reliquary. A kpuwere icon nke ọrịa cancer, nke na-ẹwụtde ihu nke ndị onwunwe nke na-na-na temple.