Elizabethan Baroque ije nke St Petersburg: nkọwa, atụmatụ na e ji mara

Elizabethan Baroque - ụkpụrụ style na pụta n'oge ọchịchị Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Elizabeth. The heyday nke ya dara ke n'etiti XVIII narị afọ. Architect, mbụ nnọchiteanya nke kasị dị ịrịba style, ghọrọ Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli (1700-1771). Na nsọpụrụ nke ya Elizabethan Baroque-akpọkarị "Rastrelli".

ụzọ

Ọbubu-eze nke Peter Ukwu mere ọtụtụ mgbanwe na omenala ndụ nke mba. The isi obodo ọhụrụ e wuru na style nke ụlọ, gravitated na European ụkpụrụ nke ije. Nke a bụ oge nke a na-akpọ Petrine Baroque, mmụọ nsọ site German, Dutch na Swedish ihe atụ nke ije. The ọhụrụ style bụ fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam n'ebe Byzantine na omenala, ụtọ ùgwù na mgbe nile hụrụ na Russian ije ọtụtụ narị afọ. Na Baroque ọ na-akpọ nke ukwuu ime. The ije nke oge ọ fọrọ nke nta amaghị lush ndozi, mbụ peculiar style.

Pita na Elizabethan Baroque, dochie anya ya, nwere ọtụtụ ịrịba iche. Ikpeazụ etinye obi gị dum na omenala nke Moscow ije nke mbubreyo na Asaa -. The mmalite nke XVIII narị afọ, laghachiri na cross-domed atụmatụ nke na-ewu ụlọ nsọ, yabasị na ube ekara ji achọ coatings.

idiosyncrasy

Board ntà ada Peter Ukwu chọpụtara uto nke steeti ike ikike, ike nke mba dị ukwuu. Nke a na-emekarị nwere ike imetụta ije. Elizabethan Baroque na St. Petersburg na ná mba ọzọ na-agbara steeti ike. Anyị mara ụfọdụ e ji mara atụmatụ nke a style:

• iche iche nke ji achọ ọcha;

• ductility na ike ụkpụrụ ụlọ forms;

• iche agba n'ịgwa na mputa;

• na ojiji nke pilasters na atọ nkeji iri na ise ogidi;

• ntụrụndụ na ihe n'ụba nke ji achọ nkọwa na interiors;

• a laghachi ụfọdụ omenala nke oge ochie Russian ije.

Maestro style

Ihe mbụ o kere na e kere Courland Rastrelli maka Duke Biron. Mgbe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ onye bụ isi-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Anna Ivanovna, na n'ikpeazụ Elizabeth. Ná mmalite 40-ies nke XVIII narị afọ Rastrelli gara Moscow, ebe o nwere ohere matakwuo na samples of omenala Russian ije. Dị ka nkatọ na-ekwu, ọ bụ a obere njem emetụta n'ihu ọrụ ndị nna ha ukwu, na, dị ka a na ya pụta, na ihu nke oge a Petersburg ya.

The mbụ ụlọ, nke na-wuru Rastrelli site ka nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, na nke malitere na ya ama, bụ okpomọkụ ulo. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ụlọ ahụ agaghị echebe n'ihi na ọ bụ osisi. Mgbe ahụ, na mgbanwe degrees nke ndisịn idem, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ oru ngo:

• The Grand Obí na Peterhof (1747-1752);

• St. Andrew Katidral ke Kiev (-ese osisi nke ụlọ ke 1747);

• mmegharị Tsarskoselskogo Catherine Obí (1752-1757).

The tallest ụlọ ke obodo

The Winter Obí bụ otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ ọrụ nke Rastrelli. The ụlọ ebe ndị hermitage emi odude taa, na taa na-egosi Elizabethan Baroque onye ọ bụla. Construction malitere na 1754. Ya ebe ana 60,000 square mita na e dere 1500 ụlọ. Ụlọ ahụ kasị elu n'etiti niile residential ụlọ ke obio. Nke a na-elekọta nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu nyere iwu na-ewu ọzọ elu ụlọ. Na n'ihi abụghị a whim nke Ọkaakaa, na eziokwu na Rastrelli gbakọọ ezigbo n'ike-n'ike nke ụlọ ikwu na nkezi obosara nke Neva. Otú ọ dị, nkọwa nke ihe ndị ọ chọpụtara ka na-amaghị, na-eme nnyocha malitere n'ụzọ doro anya na-egosi na nke a bụ eziokwu bụ dịghị ihe karịrị a akụkọ ifo. Otú ọ dị, iwu nditịm akwanye gị akwanye.

agaghị echefu echefu mma

Emecha ewu nke Winter Obí n'okpuru Catherine II na enweghị Rastrelli: Eze Nwanyị Ukwu kewapụrụ ya, na-ahọrọ Felten, Vallin de la Mothe, Rinaldi na Betsky. The ụlọ agbanweela ọtụtụ reconstructions na restorations, ma taa i nwere ike ịhụ nkọwa nke zubere Rastrelli na kere n'okpuru idu ndú ya. Óhiá n'isi, e ji mara nke Baroque style nhọrọ, enye n'obí a festive anya. The ụlọ si ije nwere a pụrụ iche n'afọ iri na ụma ike a kọlụm, mgbe iche iche site a dịtụ anya, mgbe ahụ, anakọtara n'ùkwù n'ùkwù ka, risalits (protruding akụkụ nke ụlọ ya nile elu), steepụ angles.

The facade n'ihu Obí Square, Rastrelli ọnọ njiko. Na ya e kere eke na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ji ike mmụọ nsọ mgbe na-eme di ike Obí na Strelna. Ugboro ugboro ụlọ repainted. Ná mmalite, isi ụcha ọkụ ocher, iche iche ọcha (ikike inlay) ekenyela ọcha wayo. Taa, n'obí mgbidi nwere ihe emerald hue. N'ihi na oge mbụ ka ha na-aghọ na mmalite nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya.

Smolny Cathedral

Ọ na-atụle n'elu ihe Rastrelli Smolny Nọn. Elizabethan Baroque ije nke ụlọ a na-enwu ya n'ịma mma. Smolny Cathedral, Central mmewere nke ensemble, e tọrọ ntọala October 30, 1748. Kpọmkwem elekọta ọrụ atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Christian Knobel, ma na-ede akwụkwọ nke ụlọ oru ngo Rastrelli.

Cathedral mma plurality nke ji achọ ọcha: dormer, arcuate (luchkovye) gables, ndị mmụọ ozi na vases. Ná mmalite na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-aga ewu ụlọ na European nlereanya - na otu dome. Elizabeth na-ekwenyeghị ndị dị otú ahụ a ngwọta na siri ọnwụ na ise domed e ji mara ekpe okpukpe councils. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ụlọ nsọ bụ nke nanị otu, ndị kasị ibu dome. Ọ adahade na drum nwere a okpu agha ekara na topped na bulbous isi. The ọzọ anọ domes - a mgbịrịgba elu.

Cathedral anya kewara abụọ zones. Otu na-agụnye na ala akụkụ nke facade, ya dum anya yiri a ulo. The abụọ - sere elu ise domes - amụ na ya ije kwekọrọ na mbụ onyinyo nke temple. Smolny Cathedral mmasị n'ebe ọtụtụ dịkọrọ ndụ Rastrelli. Taa ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị mara mma ụlọ nke Elizabethan Baroque ije nke Saint Petersburg. Ọ bụ dị Rastrelli Square ke Central ebe nke obodo.

kere eke Kvasova

N'ime ndị Catherine Obí na Tsarskoye Selo na Rastrelli arụ ọrụ na ndị ọzọ na architects nke Elizabethan Baroque: Andrey Vasilevich Kvasov na Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky. Nkatọ nke oge a na-aghọta nke mbụ na-ede akwụkwọ nke Onye Nzọpụta na Haymarket. Nke a na chọọchị e hiwere na 1753. Ruo ugbu a ọ na-e chebere naanị na foto: na 1938 ọ na-emechi, na 1961 - ghasara. Na nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ, chepụtara nke ụka ekewet Rastrelli, ma ọkà mmụta nke oge na-ekwekọrịtaghị.

Nye ụmụnna Razumovsky Kvass kere obí eze na Kozelets, Gostilitsy na Znamenka (ikpeazụ chepụtara anọgide controversial). Na 1748 ọ gara na Ukraine, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na oru ngo na Ukrainian Baroque style.

Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky

Na Tsarskoye Selo ngo Chevakinsky wuru abụọ ụlọ nke Catherine Obí, Pavilion "Monbijou", nke a ụbọchị bụghị e chekwara, ụlọ maka ọrụ. Ke adianade do,-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ aka na ndị e kere eke nke ulo-ǹdò-"hermitage".

Chevakinsky bụ onyeisi naval-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Ọ chịkwara ndị na-ewu n'ụlọ nkwakọba n'àgwàetiti "New Holland" na mepụtara a plan maka iwu Kronstadt. Elizabethan Baroque rụrụ Chevakinsky enwetara pụrụ iche e ji mara. Architects na-eji ibé nke atọ ogidi maka decorating nkuku, ígwè balconies na brackets na a Ifuru ụkpụrụ.

St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral

The isi ngwaahịa nke Chevakinsky - St. Nicholas Naval Katidral. Ọ na-emi odude ke St. Nicholas ebe nke St. Petersburg na bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mma na-anọchite anya nke Elizabethan Baroque.

Cathedral e wuru si 1753 na 1762 afọ. Na okwu nke ụlọ bụ a cross. Isi ji achọ mmewere Nicholas Cathedral bụ Corinth ogidi, stucco mkpụbelata, a entablement na esorowo Ogwe na balconies. Building mgbe elu ise gilded cupolas.

Elizabethan Baroque, onye atụmatụ na-atụle n'isiokwu a bụ agaghịkwa na kpagburuibe style mgbe ọnwụ nke Elizabeth. Nke a ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-emekarị fọrọ nke nta na-agbasa ka n'ógbè obodo. Otú ọ dị, style gosipụtara bụghị naanị na ọrụ nke St. Petersburg nka. Elizabethan Baroque na-gụnyere ọrụ nke architects na Moscow, bụ isi D. V. Uhtomskogo na I. F. Michurina.