"Doctor Zhivago": akụkọ ihe mere eme nke e kere eke. Boris Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago": nchịkọta

Ke akpatre ọnwa nke agha, Boris Pasternak-eyikarị kpọrọ Moscow University, ndị Polytechnic Museum na House of Scientists, ebe ọ na-n'ihu ọha na-agụ ya poems. N'ihi ya, ọ na-ele anya na mmeri nke a ịrịba mmetụta na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị idụhe. Ma ya ilu atụghị na-echere: ọgụ nke Dere Union isi gara n'ihu. Ọ pụghị ịgbaghara mgbe-amụba ewu ewu n'etiti ndị mba ọzọ na-agụ akwụkwọ.

Mmalite nkwado na a akwụkwọ

Echiche nke nchụàjà "Doctor Zhivago", akụkọ ihe mere eme nke bụ nke malitere na mmalite nke okike ụzọ Pasternak, ogologo guzobere uche nke ndị na-ede uri. Ma ọdịda nke 1945, na-eweta ọnụ oyiyi nile, echiche, ndebeolu, ọ chọpụtara na ọ dị njikere na-amalite ọrụ na ngwaahịa. Na ibé pụta ya n'ụzọ doro anya na otu ahịrị, na-ede uri na-ele anya na-ede nchụàjà ọ ga-naanị ọnwa ole na ole.

Anyị nwere ike ikwu na February 1946 na-anọchi anya mmalite nke ọrụ na akwụkwọ nke Pasternak. Mgbe niile, ma ọ bụrụ na e dere ya na abu "Hamlet", na-emeghe akpatre ibuot "Doctor Zhivago."

A mbụ isi dị njikere na August. Ọ na-agụ ya ndị enyi ya. Ma on August 14, ọ bịara "kasị" Mkpebi nke Central Committee nke CPSU (b) nke "Star" magazine na "Leningrad". N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ọ dịghị ihe kpọmkwem mmekọrita Pasternak ya nwere (ya emetụta akara aka nke Anna Akhmatova na Zoshchenko), ihe omume a nyere ịrị elu a ọhụrụ gburugburu nke na-alụ ọgụ "ideologically ọbịa" by ndị dere. More ọnọdụ ya e aggravated mgbe asịrị banyere omume nomination nke Pasternak si candidacy maka Nobel Nrite.

Arụ ọrụ na mbụ isi

Otú ọ dị, na-ede akwụkwọ akwụsịghị ọrụ ahụ. Nchụàjà "Doctor Zhivago" Pasternak na otú je na na njedebe nke December, abụọ ọzọ isi e dechara. A abụọ mbụ e rewritten on a dị ọcha oyiri, nke Ibé akwụkwọ na-crosslinked na a akwụkwọ.

Ọ maara na mbụ aha dị iche :. "Boys na Girls" Ya mere, ndị na-ede akwụkwọ kwuru na ya na-arụ ọrụ ná mmalite nkebi nke development. Ọ bụghị naanị na a nkọwa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe oyiyi nke Russia ke akpa ọkara nke XX narị afọ, ma na-ngosipụta nke nke onye echiche na Pasternak nwoke ebe mmepe nke ụwa, na nkà na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na na. D.

Ọzọkwa na 1946, ndị na-ede uri zutere otu nwaanyị bụ onye ya ọhụrụ ịhụnanya. Ọ bụ Olga Ivinskaya. Ná mmalite nke ịhụnanya, o jere ozi dị ka Secretary. Hedges nwere ọtụtụ n'etiti. Nke a gara aga ọdachi na ugbu a ndụ ọnọdụ. Ivinskaya mbụ di gburu onwe ya, nke abụọ, kwa, nwụrụ. A Pasternak n'oge ahụ nke ugboro abụọ lụrụ di na nwunye, o nwere ụmụ.

Ha ịhụnanya n'agbanyeghị nke ihe niile. Ọtụtụ mgbe ha lawara mgbe ebighị ebi, ma dịrị ndụ na enweghi ike. Pasternak onwe ya kwuru na ọ bụ Olga àgwà o nyekwara ke oyiyi nke heroine nke akwụkwọ - Lara Guichard.

ezumike

Mgbagwoju anya ọnọdụ ego emeela Pasternak ka ịkwụsịtụ ọrụ nchụàjà "Doctor Zhivago". History nke e kere eke nọgidere na-na-esote afọ, 1948. Na dum nke 1947 mbụ sụgharịa na-ede uri, n'ihi na ọ na-enye bụghị nanị na ya onwe ya, ma n'ihi na ndị niile na-ahụ maka onye n'afọ ofufo kowe n'ubu ha. Nke a nwere ezinụlọ, na Nina Tabidze (nwunye repressed Georgian ede uri), Ariadne na Anastasiya Tsvetaevy (nwa, nwanne na-ede uri), na nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nke Andrei Bely, na n'ikpeazụ umu Olga Ivinskaya.

The okpomọkụ nke 1948 e dechara nke-anọ isi nke akwụkwọ. N'otu oge ahụ na-ede akwụkwọ nyere ikpeazụ aha nke ngwaahịa a: "Doctor Zhivago." Ọdịnaya nke na-ama ahaziri akụkụ, kwa, na-isiokwu.

Ọzọkwa, ndị sokwaara a ogologo ezumike. Ọ e jikọtara, na mbụ, na Olga Ivinskaya e jidere ya na nke Pasternak ata ụta onwe ya. Nke abụọ, na-eto eto mmegbu nke ya.

Ọ okokụre asaa isi naanị na opupu ihe ubi nke 1952. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ya e biri ebi na-enweghị mkpọrọ. N'ihi ya biri ọrụ na akwụkwọ mbụ nke "Doctor Zhivago" akwụkwọ. Dere a ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị ahụhụ a myocardial infarction, e n'ụlọ ọgwụ na bụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ n'ihi na ihe karịrị ọnwa abụọ. E nwere, dị ka oké egwu ọnọdụ, ọ na mberede chere a nso na Onye Okike. Nke a mmetụta emetụta ọnọdụ nke ọrụ ya.

Mgbe Stalin ọnwụ na Beria gburu e a kwesiri ngosi revival nke edemede ndụ. Ee, na Boris Pasternak perk, karịsịa ebe Olga Ivinskaya laghachi si n'ogige. Na 1954, o bipụtara iri poems nke emechaghi akwụkwọ.

Mmecha "Doctor Zhivago"

Na ọdịda 1954, Pasternak na Ivinskaya ọhụrụ na-akpachi anya. Summer 1955 Olga ẹkenịmde nso Peredelkino. E nwere gbazitere a obi ya. Ọ pụghị nnọọ ahapụ ezinụlọ ya. Emekpa site egwu ikpe ọmụma nwunye-ya, o duuru a ndụ abụọ. Kemgbe ahụ, Olga fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam na-ego, isiokwu na-ebipụta ọrụ nke Pasternak. Ugbu a, na Bl nwere oge maka ihe creativity. Na July, ọ nọworị na-arụ ọrụ na ihe akụkụ ikpeazụ. The gụchara metụrụ e mere na njedebe nke 1955.

The n'ihu akara aka nke nchụàjà

Na-enwe olileanya maka liberalization nke àgwà, Pasternak awade odide nke akwụkwọ n'otu oge ahụ nkwusa abụọ. Iji mara Boris Leonidovich nyere ihe odide na mmekorita radio, Italian Sergio D'Angelo, bụ onye a akụkụ-oge edemede gị n'ụlọnga nkwusa Giangiacomo Feltrinelli. Yikarịrị, otú a bụ eziokwu mara. Ikebịghike enye natara tụrụ anya na ozi ọma si Italian nkwusa bụ onye nyere-ebipụta akwụkwọ. Pasternak nara, ma ọ bụ n'aka na obodo ya anya na-ebipụta ọrụ ya ( "Doctor Zhivago"). The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akwụkwọ adọrọ nnọọ mmasị, na jupụtara twists na ibe. Ọ dịghị onye nke magazin enyeghị azịza, na September Pasternak natara a iwu ojuju nke ekwusara ụlọ "New World."

The na-ede uri na-enyeghị elu ma ka na-kwere na ịga nke ọma nke akwụkwọ n'ụlọ. N'ezie, Goslitizdat kwetara n'ihi na akwụkwọ ndị nchụàjà "Doctor Zhivago". Ma ihe omume ahụ na-egbu oge n'ihi na nke ọtụtụ mmegharị na editọ ọdịdọ. Na mberede, a amaokwu ole na ole na isi abụọ nke "Doctor Zhivago" bipụtara Opinie Polish magazine. Nke a bụ mmalite nke asịrị. On Pasternak gburu, na-amanye ịdọrọ ihe odide site na Feltrinelli. Boris Leonidovich zitere a telegram na Italian nkwusa, ebe chọrọ laghachi ihe odide nke akwụkwọ. Otú ọ dị, n'azụ azụ nke Dere 'Union Pasternak n'out oge Site n'ibu Feltrinelli on n'akwụkwọ nke nchụàjà "Doctor Zhivago". Na-ede nyere ikwe ka ihe odide mbụ.

Ọbụna na-ekwu okwu isi mkpagbu nke Pasternak, A. Surkov, na Italian agbanweghị mkpebi asuanetop nchụàjà. Ọzọkwa ná mba ndị ọzọ anyị na-ama na-akwadebe nyak mbụ mbipụta nke ọrụ.

Western mmeghachi omume nchụàjà "Doctor Zhivago". History of kere eke kpata ọdachi

Western nkatọ na mmeghachi omume bụ ya mere resonant, na Pasternak ọzọ chọrọ tinye n'ihu maka Nobel Nrite. Na-ede nnọọ ume site na ntị nke ndị mba ọzọ na-agụ akwụkwọ ma jiri obi ụtọ nabata akwụkwọ ozi na-abịa site n'ụwa nile. October 23, 1958, o nwetara a telegram na ozi ọma nke award nke Nobel na-agbata n'ọsọ na ọkpụkpọ òkù ya ngosi.

O doro anya na ndị dere 'Union bụ megide njem, na Pasternak natara a kpọmkwem iji jụ award. Pasternak anabataghị a ofufe, na dị ka a N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ ya na otu nke Union of Soviet Dere.

The ikpeazụ akara

Boris Leonidovich ama kara nká uche me ruo n'ókè nke ka gbanwee obi ya jụrụ award. Ma nke a emeghị kwụsị ekwu ọtụtụ iwe okwu megide ya. The na-ede uri ma na nke a asịrị nwere ike atụgharị ndị siri ezigbo pụta n'ihi na ya. Ọ tara ahụhụ nke ukwuu. The mmetụta o nwere n'ebe onye nke ikpeazụ ya poems. Uri a bụ a nzaghachi niile ọgụ na-ewe iwe ụka. Ma n'otu oge ikpeazụ edoghi kwuru ọzọ banyere onye: a okpukpu na Olga, n'ihi na nke ọ gụsiri ya agụụ.

N'oge na-adịghị Pasternak nwere a obi ọgụ. Na izu atọ gasịrị, May 30, 1960, Boris Leonidovich nwụrụ.

Life na Fate Pasternak bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị akpali akpali ihe mere eme nke akwụkwọ anyị, ya ọdachi na-heroism.

Boris Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago": nchịkọta

The akwụkwọ na-akọwa ihe ndị mere 1903-1929 afọ. The protagonist bụ a dọkịta. Nke a bụ a nwoke a nnọọ ihe echiche na-akpali agwa. Ihe isi ike nke ndụ bitụ ya aka na ya mgbe ọ bụ nwata, mgbe mbụ nna ya hapụrụ ezinụlọ, mgbe e mesịrị gburu onwe ya, na ka ọ dị afọ 11, ya ya na ya na nne ya. Ọ na, n'eziokwu, bụ Dr. Zhivago. Yuri Zhivago dịrị ndụ nnọọ anya, ma bara ọgaranya nke ukwuu ndụ. Na ndụ ya na a ole na ole ndị inyom, ma n'anya naanị otu onye. Aha ya bụ Lara Guichard. Fate nye ya a obere oge-abụ ọnụ. Oge siri ike, ibu ọrụ ndị ọzọ, ọnọdụ nke ndụ - ihe niile bụ megide ha ịhụnanya. Yuri nwụrụ na 1929 nke a obi ọgụ. Ma mgbe e mesịrị hụ ya stepbrother ndekọ ma poems na-eme ka akụkụ ikpeazụ nke akwụkwọ.

On ibé akara nke akwụkwọ a na-n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na-enwe mmetụta eziokwu otú siri ike na-ede ọrụ ya, Boris Pasternak. "Doctor Zhivago", a nchịkọta nke nke na-adịghị mezue mmetụta nke a oké ọrụ, nnọọ ọkụ, e kuchiri na West na otú obi ọjọọ jụrụ site Soviet Union. Ya mere, ọ bụla Russian kwesịrị ịgụ a magburu onwe akwụkwọ, ma na-eche na mmụọ nke ndị Russia.