Eriri afọ nke nnukwu: ọrụ na Ọdịdị

The digestive usoro nke a onye, nke na-agụnye colon, ji a dịgasị iche iche nke owuwu na ọrụ nke ya ngalaba dị iche iche. O siri ike ịchọpụta digestive ọrịa, nke na-emetụta ka ọbịbịa na irè nke ọgwụgwọ mmadụ na ụzọ. Ọ bụ mba na nzuzo na na-arịa ọrịa nke na ebe obibi na gburugburu ebe obibi, nakwa dị ka amaghi àgwà nke onye na-ahụ ike ha, mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eriri afọ ọrịa na ụwa. Ha na-abụkarị-adịghị ala ala, na-ebelata ogologo na àgwà nke ndụ mmadụ. Isiokwu a Aims na-akọwa na ndị dị mfe ihe owuwu ma na ọrụ nke obere na nnukwu mgbiri afọ nke mmadụ nakwa mara na ọtụtụ nkịtị ọrịa na-arụ ọrụ nke eriri afọ tract.

General e ji mara nke digestive usoro

Ya-arụ ọrụ nwere ike iji tụnyere a ibu factory maka nhazi nke ihe oriri, ya cleavage, assimilation na itinye n'ọrụ nke ihe. Onye ọ bụla ngalaba usoro kpọmkwem Biochemical Jeremaya mere ime metụtara kpụrụ nke enzymes na biologically-arụ ọrụ bekee, dị ka vitamin.

Colon Ọdịdị na ọrụ nke anyị na-amụ, physiologically-ewere dị ka kwadoro abuana ke secretion, mgbaze, absorption na mwepụ nke ihe si n'elu ngalaba. Iji ghọta atụmatụ, buru ụzọ tụlee otú nnukwu eriri afọ.

nnukwu eriri afọ

On histological preparations bụ doro anya na anya 4 n'ígwé: mucous, submucosal, muscular na serous. Ha na-enye ndị isi ọrụ eriri afọ nke nnukwu nke mmadụ: guzobe lymphocytes na-egwu a na-echebe ọrụ ke njikọ nke B vitamin na vitamin K na uru nje osisi, imi mmepụta, mma nkwalite chyme. Otu n'ime ndị isi ọrụ nke colon bụ absorption nke mmiri na ngwọta nke organic na inorganic bekee, na-eduga na guzobe Nsị chyme.

The morphology nke colon

Ọ nwere ogologo nke 1.5 m na a na-ekewa n'ime isii akụkụ: cecum na odide ntụkwasị, na-arịgo, transverse, agbadata na sigmoid colon, na ikensi. Ọnụnọ nke atọ longitudinal muscle uzo, agafe nnukwu eriri afọ, ma na-enye mayatnikovoobraznye peristaltic contractions mgbidi ya. On palpation, ndị colon mfe chọpụtara n'ihi ha mucous akpụkpọ ahụ na-ewe n'ụdị ọzọ mgbasa na mkpi. Ha na-guzobere ebe mgbanaka bowel uru na-owụt kasị ike. N'ihi na ihe zuru ezu mkpuchi nke ọrụ nke mmadụ colon tụlee karịsịa nkebi mbụ.

cecum

Dị na nri iliac òkè nke peritoneum, ọ nwere ogologo 3 na 10 cm, na yiri akpa. Site azụ nke epupụta odide ntụkwasị. The mgbidi nke cecum secrete enzymes dị ka secretin, site na nke gbarie chyme. Ọzọkwa ọ na-etinye obi gị dum ngafe mmiri.

Odide ntụkwasị ahụ nwere mikrouzelki arụ ọrụ na dịghịzi echebe ọrụ. Ọ na-bụ ifịk mmepe nke bara uru microflora. Ndị kasị Ugboro pathologies gụnyere typhlitis cecum, odide ntụkwasị, etuto ahụ na polyps.

Na-ebili na transverse colon

Ha na-a n'ihu nke cecum na anaghị secrete digestive enzymes, ma naanị abuana ke absorption nke mmiri na nnu ngwọta. Nke a na-eduga ná compaction nke chyme na e guzobere ya na nsị. Colon, onye ọrụ bụ isi na esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile nke undigested nri residues nwere bends: nri (imeju) na hapụrụ (splin) metụtara transverse colon. ọrụ ya - imi mmepụta na absorption nke mmiri na electrolytes. Ọrịa ndị a na-arịgo colon bụ diverticulosis, polyps, aganglionarny megacolon (Hirschsprung ọrịa), afọ.

Transverse colon nwere kasị ukwuu n'ogologo. Si n'elu ya bụ na kọntaktị na imeju, gallbladder, splin na pancreas ọdụ Department. Mgbidi ya anọgide na-enye imi ma banye na mmiri na ịnweta salts.

Mgbaze na nnukwu eriri afọ

Rụrụ ekele na enzymes nke nsia ihe ọṅụṅụ: cathepsin, peptidase, lipase, amylase. Ọrụ ha bụ banyere 200 ugboro ala karịa nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ enzymes nke obere eriri afọ. Wezuga mkpa ya bụ eziokwu. Gịnị cleavage Filiks ke colon achọ ọnụnọ nke probiotics - iche iche microorganisms decomposing cellulose. Ndị a gụnyere bifidobacteria, lactobacilli.

Na nnukwu eriri afọ nke ngụkọta nke ịdị arọ nke 3-5 n'arọ na a na-akpọ nsia microflora. Ọ enwekwu secretion nke digestive ihe ọṅụṅụ, na-emetụta ndị protein na ịnweta metabolism, atụ ke guzobere ọgụ. The colon, nke na-arụ ọrụ anyị na-akpọ, bụ a physiologically ike ma ọ bụrụ na ya metabolic Filiks nke gbaa ụka na putrefaction guzozie eguzozie. Ozugbo microflora mejupụtara gbanwere (e.g., mgbe ike bara ma ọ bụ n'ihi ọgwụ, karịsịa ọgwụ nje) na-arụ ọrụ na putrefactive bacteria ibili ọrịa: afọ, dysbacteriosis, dyspepsia.

The nēfedakwasi na sigmoid colon

The splenic flexure ebe òkè banyere 30 cm n'ogologo, nke ịgbatị Filiks na mmiri na electrolyte absorption na-akwalite na nsị. Ọ na-akpọ ndị na-efedata colon. Na ebe nke riiji ndokwa nke ilium bụ akụkụ nke na-enwe a sphincter ihe. Ọzọ, tụlee ihe ndị ọrụ nke colon na akụkụ ikpeazụ nke colon ngalaba a na-akpọ sigmoid colon. Ọ bụ ikpe ibughari. Ọ bụrụ na, n'oge ya palpation ụzụ a nụrụ, ọ pụtara na na sigmoid colon mbufụt emee, Bilie ìgwè nke mmiri mmiri ọdịnaya na, haruru. Na ya, dị ka na transverse colon, bụ mgbe a gụnyere ya ná motility, nke na-eduga ná onu nke afọ ntachi - spastic bowel ije oge. Ọ bụ ndị a akụkụ nke colon, nke na-arụ ọrụ - iga na esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile nke nsị - forms ifịm, mgbe ahụ, na-aga n'ime ikensi.

Ọrịa nke sigmoid nwere oké njọ pụta n'ihi na ụmụ mmadụ ike. Mgbe mbufụt (afọ ma ọ bụ sigmoid) chọpụtara na afọ ọsịsa na-egbu mgbu cramping na ekpe iliac òkè nke peritoneum. Ha na-ebu bloating na belching. Physiologically nkịtị Mbelata pendulum na peristaltic mmegharị ke sigmoid colon nwere ike mgbagwoju anya n'ihi na a ịnọkarị otu, na-ezighị ezi nri, na eriri-depleted akwukwo nri emep uta eri. The N'ihi nke a imebi na bụ afọ ntachi, nke na-eduga na nsi nke dum organism. Na sigmoid colon, e guzobere gryzhepodobnyh akpa - protrusions, n'ihi na mmepe nke diverticulosis. Ọ bụ ihe nkịtị na ndị agadi, jikọtara na agbakasị bowel syndrome. Ya bụ ọrịa bụ nwetụ ntachi na afọ ọsịsa, ọgbụgbọ, fever. The ọrịa pụrụ ịdị mgbagwoju anya site na-etuto, na dị nnọọ ize ndụ.

ikensi

Ọ bụ ọgwụgwụ nke digestive kanaal. Ya ichekwa 15 dyne cm. The colon, nke na ọrụ na a nke eriri afọ tract na mwepụ nke na nsị kwuchara gbasara ike kanaal na ike. Ikensi bụ sphincters: nke mbụ na ókè-ala na sigmoid colon, ndị na-esonụ atọ na-akpọ proximal, esịtidem na mpụga aka ike. All nke ha na-aka na physiologically nkịtị usoro nke defecation. The mucous oyi akwa nke ikensi nwere folds na indentations, a na-akpọ gbasara ike sinuses.

N'etiti ha na ndị ike bụ annular òkè - hemorrhoidal ebe. Na ya, ekele submucosa oyi akwa, ikekwe a nta erughị ala na displacement nke mucosa, biri-akpa capillaries rectal akwara ndị gara na veins. Elu rectal Vienna nwere dịghị valves, otú ya na mgbidi ya na-gbasaa - ọ na-eduga ọnọdụ na-achọghị na n'ọdịdị haemorrhoidal cones. The lymphatic usoro nke ikensi bụ idem ke ọgụ ma na-egbochi mgbasa nke ọrịa.

N'isiokwu a anyị na-enyocha Ọdịdị na isi ọrụ nke colon.