Formula amonia. Ammonium hydroxide - okenye amonia

Amonia - hydrogen nitride - otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa ogige nke nitrogen na hydrogen. Nke a gas enweghị agba ma na a pungent isi. The chemical mejupụtara egosipụta amonia usoro - NH _3. The mgbali abawanye ma ọ bụ ọnụ ke okpomọkụ nke ihe onwunwe na-eduga ná ya na-aghọ a colorless mmiri mmiri. Amonia gas na ya ngwọta na-ọtụtụ-eji ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ ugbo. The na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na-eji 10% ammonium hydroxide - amonia.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ molekul. Kọmputa amonia usoro

A hydrogen molekul nitride na-yiri a pyramid, isi nke nke na-nitrogen bonded atọ hydrogen atọm. N-H nkekọ na-ike-ekewasị. Nitrogen na-ike dọtara na-adịgide adịgide elektrọn ụzọ. Ya mere, a na-ezighị ezi ụgwọ accumulates na N atọm, mma - lekwasịrị anya hydrogen. Nghọta nke usoro a na-enye a nlereanya nke molekul, na kọmputa na bughi usoro nke amonia.

Nitride hydrogen bụ nnọọ soluble na mmiri (700: 1 na 20 ° C). Inwe n'ụzọ free protons-eduga ná guzobe nke multiple hydrogen "àkwà mmiri" na jikọọ n'etiti a molekul. Akụkụ nke ihe owuwu ma na chemical nkekọ na-eduga eziokwu na amonia na-adị mfe gasị site na ịba ụba nsogbu ma ọ bụ na-ewedata okpomọkụ (-33 ° C).

Malite aha

Okwu ahụ bụ "amonia" ẹkenam ka agụmakwụkwọ obodo 1801 na aro nke Russian mmiri ọgwụ Ya Zakharova, ma umi maara kpọrọ mmadụ kemgbe oge ochie. Gas na a pungent isi wepụtara n'oge ire ere nke n'efu ngwaahịa nke ọtụtụ organic ogige, e.g., ndi na-edozi na urea na decomposition nke ammonium salts. Historians nke onwu kweere na umi aha mgbe ndị Ijipt oge ochie chi Amun. Siwa (Amon) bụ Oasis na North Africa. Gbara ya gburugburu na Libyan desert mkpọmkpọ ebe nke obodo oge ochie na ụlọ nsọ, na-esote nke e nwere ego nke ammonium chloride. Nke a na umi na Europe, a na-akpọ "nnu Amon." Ọ chekwara ọdịnala na ndị bi Oasis nke Siwa smelled nnu ke temple.

hydrogen nitride

English mmiri ọgwụ na physics R. Boyle na nwere ọkụ nri ma na-ahụ guzobere ọcha anwụrụ ọkụ si na swab tinye ke hydrochloric acid na n'ihi ẹkenam n'ime ugboelu nke gas. Na 1774, ọzọ British mmiri ọgwụ J. Priestley ụtọ ammonium chloride na slaked wayo na gaseous ekenyela. Priestley akpọ compound "alkaline ikuku", n'ihi ya ngwọta Njirimara gosiri a na-adịghị ike isi. Natara nkọwa ahụmahụ Boyle, nke amonia na-meghachi omume na hydrochloric acid. Solid ammonium chloride ọcha pụtara n'elu kọntaktị nke reactants ụmụ irighiri na ikuku.

Chemical usoro nke amonia ẹkenịmde ke 1875 K. Berthollet site France onye mụụrụ ihe nnwale na decomposition nke bekee n'ime ya constituent mmiri site electric agbapụta n'ahụ. Ruo ugbu a, nwere Priestley, Boyle Berthollet na mụta nwa na laabu na-emepụta hydrogen nitride na ammonium chloride. Industrial usoro mepụtara na 1901 site H. Le Chatelier, natara a patent maka a usoro njikọ nke a umi nke nitrogen na hydrogen.

A ngwọta nke amonia. Formula na Njirimara

The okenye amonia ngwọta na a dere n'ụdị hydroxide - NH ₄ OH. Ọ na-egosipụta Njirimara nke a na-adịghị ike alkali:

• dissociates n'ime ion NH ₃ + H ₂ O = NH ₄ OH = NH ₄ ^{+ +} OH ^_-;
• phenolphthalein ngwọta Stains na ogho uhie;
• na-emeghachi omume na ihe acid na-etolite a nnu na mmiri;
• precipitates Cu (OH) ₂ dị ka a na-egbuke egbuke-acha anụnụ anụnụ umi mgbe weere soluble ọla kọpa salts.

The ịha na mmeghachi omume nke amonia na mmiri na mmekọrịta a na-obibi n'ebe amalite ihe. Preheated hydrogen nitride asakde ọma na oxygen. Ọ na-adị nitrogen ọxịdashọn na diatomic ụmụ irighiri mfe umi N2. Mbenata Njirimara nwekwara egosipụta amonia na mmeghachi omume na ọla kọpa oxide (II).

Meaning nke amonia na ngwọta

Nitride nke hydrogen na-eji na mmepụta nke ammonium salts na nitric acid - otu n'ime isi na ngwaahịa nke chemical ụlọ ọrụ. Amonia bụ akụrụngwa n'ihi soda (dị ka nitrate usoro). Hydrogen content nitride industrially lekwasị ngwọta esịmde 25%. Na ugbo, na-eji okenye amonia. Formula mmiri mmiri fatịlaịza - NH ₄ OH. The umi na-na-eji dị ka a top mgbakwasa. Ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke inwetara nitrogen ala - ojiji nke salts nke ammonium nitrates, chlorides, phosphates. Na ulo oru gburugburu na-akọ ugbo ebe ọ na-adịghị na-atụ aro iji chekwaa ọnụ fatịlaịza nwere ammonium salts na alkalis. Mgbe breakage nkwakọ ihe onwunwe pụrụ eme na onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-etolite amonia na hapụ ya n'ime ikuku oghere. Nsí Achọ compound njọ na-emetụta akụkụ okuku ume na usoro, Central ụjọ usoro. The ngwakọta nke amonia na ikuku, bụ mgbawa.