Na-adịghị ike isi na ike acid salts site hydrolysis

Iji ghọta otú wee salts hydrolysis na ha okenye agbanwe agbanwe, na-amalite na-definition nke ugbu usoro.

Definition na karịsịa hydrolysis

Nke a bụ ihe chemical mmetụta nke mmiri ion na nnu ion guzobere n'ihi nke a na-adịghị ike isi (ma ọ bụ acid) na mmeghachi omume na-ajụ mgbanwe. Ọ bụla nnu nwere ike na-anọchi anya dị ka ngwaahịa nke chemical mmekọrịta n'etiti isi na acid. Dabere na ihe bụ ha ike mata a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke variants nke usoro eruba.

ụdị hydrolysis

Na onwu anya atọ di iche iche nke mmeghachi omume n'etiti cations na nnu mmiri. Onye ọ bụla usoro a rụrụ na a mgbanwe onye Onyenwe anyị + Ya mere, ọ na-chere ka na-eji maka ịchọpụta na hydrogen index dị iche iche nke na-egosi. Ka ihe atụ, acidic ajụ eji odo odo litmus maka alkaline phenolphthalein adabara. Tụlee ihe hydrolysis e ji mara onye nke ọ bụla n'onwe. Strong na-adịghị ike bases nwere ike kpebisiri ike site solubility nke table, na acid ike ahụrụ site table.

Hydrolysis nke cation

Dị ka ihe atụ nke ndị dị otú a nnu Tụlee ferric chloride (2). ígwè hydroxide (2) - a na-adịghị ike isi na a siri ike acid bụ hydrochloric acid. N'oge mmeghachi omume na mmiri (hydrolysis) a kpụrụ nke a isi nnu (ferric hydroxychloride 2) na kpụrụ hydrochloric acid. Ọ na-egosi na ihe ngwọta acidic, iji chọpụta ya na o kwere omume iji acha anụnụ anụnụ litmus (onye Onyenwe anyị + na-erughị 7). N'ihi ya, ọ gara n'ihu site hydrolysis nke cation, dị ka ndị na-adịghị ike isi mee.

Ihe atụ ọzọ maka hydrolysis kọwara ikpe. Tụlee magnesium chloride nnu. Magnesium hydroxide - bụ a na-adịghị ike isi na hydrochloric acid - siri ike. Na usoro nke mmekọrịta mmiri ụmụ irighiri magnesium chloride converted n'ime a isi nnu (hydroxychloride). Magnesium hydroxide, onye usoro a na-n'ozuzu na-anọchi anya dị ka M (OH) _2, ubé soluble na mmiri, ma na-enye a siri ike hydrochloric acid solution, ihe acidic gburugburu ebe obibi.

The hydrolysis nke anion

A n'ihu n'onwe e ji hydrolysis nke nnu nke a kpụrụ site a siri ike isi (alkali) na-adịghị ike acid. Dị ka ihe atụ maka a anyị na-atụle sodium carbonate.

Nke a nnu nwere ike sodium isi, na a na-adịghị ike carbonic acid. Mmekọrịta mmiri ụmụ irighiri retara na guzobere ihe acid nnu - sodium carbonate, i.e. site hydrolysis bụ anion. Ọzọkwa, ọ guzobere a ngwọta nke sodium hydroxide, nke na-enye ihe ngwọta nke ihe alkaline gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ihe atụ ọzọ na nke a. Potassium sulfite - a nnu, nke na-kpụrụ a siri ike isi - potassium hydroxide, na-adịghị ike sulfurous acid. Na usoro nke mmekọrịta mmiri (n'ihi na hydrolysis) a kpụrụ potassium hydrogensulfite (acid nnu) na potassium hydroxide (alkali). The usoro na ngwọta bụ alkaline, ọ nwere ike enen eji a phenolphthalein.

zuru hydrolysis

The nnu nke na-adịghị ike acid na-adịghị ike isi dabara zuru hydrolysis. Gbalịa chọpụta ihe ya mma, na ihe na ngwaahịa na-guzobere n'ihi nke chemical mmeghachi omume.

Tụlee hydrolysis nke a na-adịghị ike isi na a na-adịghị ike acid na Ihe Nlereanya sulfide aluminum. Nke a kpụrụ aluminum hydroxide nnu, nke bụ a na-adịghị ike isi na a na-adịghị ike acid, hydrogen sulfide. Site na mmeghachi omume na mmiri hụrụ zuru hydrolysis, na-eduga n'iguzobe hydrogen sulfide gas, nakwa dị ka aluminum hydroxide ịkpali. Ndị dị otú ahụ na mmekọrịta na-adị na maka cation na anion, ya mere, dị hydrolysis a na-ewere zuru ezu.

Ọzọkwa na nlereanya interactions nke ụdị ya na mmiri nnu nwere ike ime magnesium sulfide. Dị ka akụkụ nke nnu dị magnesium hydroxide, ọ usoro - mg (OH) 2. Nke a bụ a na-adịghị ike isi, unyi anaghị agbasa na mmiri. Ke adianade do, e hydrosulphuric acid, nke na-adịghị ike na magnesium sulfide. Site na mmeghachi omume na mmiri na-ewe ebe zuru hydrolysis (maka cation na anion), na-etolite a magnesium hydroxide ịkpali na hydrogen sulfide tọhapụrụ n'ụdị gas.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle hydrolysis nke nnu nke a kpụrụ na a siri ike acid na ike isi, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na ọ na-adịghị ihihi. The usoro na ngwọta nke salts dị ka chloride, sodium nitrate, potassium, na-anọgide na-anọpụ iche.

ọgwụgwụ

Strong na-adịghị ike bases, acid salts nke na-guzobere, na-emetụta n'ihi nke hydrolysis mmeghachi omume na-ajụ na dapụtara ngwọta. Ndị dị otú ahụ Filiks na-ekesa na ọdịdị.

Hydrolysis dị mkpa karịsịa na chemical mgbanwe nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ. O nwere metal sulfides, ubé soluble n'ime mmiri. Ka ha hydrolysis emee guzobere hydrogen sulfide, ya umu anwuru n'oge mgbawa ugwu ahụ n'elu ụwa.

Silicate nkume ntughari hydroxides, na-eme nwayọọ nwayọọ mbibi nke ndị na oké nkume. Dị ka ihe atụ, dị ka a ịnweta malachite, ọ bụ ngwaahịa nke hydrolysis ọla kọpa carbonates.

Kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ hydrolysis usoro na-ewe ebe ke osimiri. Hydrogen carbonates nke magnesium na calcium, nke na-e si na mmiri pụta, nwere ubé alkaline ọkara. N'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị dị otú, magburu onwe usoro nke photosynthesis-ewe ebe mmiri na osisi, mmiri ntule na-emepe emepe intensively.

The mmanụ nwere adịghị mmiri na calcium na magnesium salts. Na usoro nke kpo oku mmanụ, ya bụ ha na mmekọrịta ya na mmiri vepo. N'oge hydrolysis, hydrogen chloride na-guzobere, nke, na mmeghachi omume na metal emee ngwa mbibi.