Gallbladder: Ọdịdị, ọrụ, ọrịa

Gallbladder - a ube ekara ma ọ bụ conical oghere bụ nke a na-imeju elu ma nri n'etiti square nke ya lobes. Isi ọrụ nke gallbladder - ìgwè na ịta nke bile, nakwa dị ka ya oge "eziga" site n'ozuzu na cystic duct n'ime duodenum.

Dị iche iche ndị mmadụ gallbladder nwere dị iche iche akụkụ, ogologo-ya àmà si 5 13-14 cm, obosara - si 2 4 sentimita, na ike nke 30-70 ml. Na ọnụnọ nke enweghị nchịkwa ọnọdụ ndị a kwa nwere ike ịdị iche budata. Ọdịdị nke ahụ gallbladder dị iche n'ahụ, a na ala na a n'olu, nke na-aga n'ime cystic duct. The mgbidi iso nke atọ ụdị shells: muscle, mucosa na connective. The ala elu nke ńsí eriri afo serosa cover. The mucous akpụkpọ ahụ mejupụtara a plurality nke folds, nke otu n'ime, emi odude na olu na-akpọ heister valvụ, forms ọnụ na sphincter muscle esiwọrọ Lyutkensa. The connective anụ ahụ n'ọbọ na n'etiti muscle esiwọrọ ndokwa tubular ọwa-enweghị nkwurịta okwu na uji eze nke eriri afo, na-akpọ ha Nkea Luschka.

Umeji gallbladder na-dị na nri elu quadrant, ma na-elu ilu eriri afo ndokwa nwere ike ịdị iche dịtụ, ebe ọ na-adabere na ahu na afọ. Blood si enweta ndị gallbladder bile-vesical akwara, nke na-emekarị gbatịrị si nri alaka nke hepatic akwara, akwara na multiple kpụrụ si venous plexus, igba n'ime alaka nke portal akwara, n'ime imeju.

Mgbe e ndị gallbladder nri na-ebelata tinyere ihe ndị a mgbali adahade na ya, nke nwere ike ịbụ 200-300 mm mmiri kọlụm. Mgbe ahụ, na ndị nkịtị bile duct abatakwa lekwasị bile. More ufiop ya nnata hụrụ mgbe oriri nke egg yolks, anụmanụ na akwukwo nri abụba. Mkpi nke gallbladder na-anọchi ntụrụndụ na-ejuputa ya imeju bile. Ihe kasị ike nke usoro a na-adị n'abalị.

Enweghị nchịkwa na ọnọdụ na gallbladder ọrịa ji mgbu na nri subcostal ebe, mgbe ụfọdụ, na ndị epigastrium na concomitant irradiation na olu, ubu na nkwonkwo na nri ubu. Ntoputa na intensification nke mgbu hụrụ mgbe ochichi nke nnukwu na abụba oriri, àkwá e ghere eghe, ihe oriri, biya, wine, mmanya ọtọ bịrịbịrị, nakwa dị ka mgbe oké n'ibuli na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ exertion n'okpuru vibration n'oge na-akwọ ụgbọala na neuropsychological overvoltage. Otú ọ dị, na gallstone ọrịa nwere ike spontaneously, na-enweghị doro anya kpatara, omume nke ihe mgbu. Mgbe dyskinesia typical gallbladder mgbu esonyere autonomic ọdụdọ, atụmatụ nke na-oyi ajirija, N'ịdị nkụnwụ, akpụkpọ pallor, isi ọwụwa na ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọrịa ndị a ime na belching, ọgbụgbọ, ilu ke inua, na ndị ọzọ.

Na nnukwu mbufụt nke ńsí eriri afo palpation na nri elu quadrant sharply na-egbu mgbu. Mgbu, kawanye njọ site ume, na-akpọ mgbaàmà Kera, na a nọ ọdụ ọnọdụ - a mgbaàmà nke Murphy, soreness na ala effleurage tinyere nri costal njiko - a mgbaàmà Ortner. Mgbaàmà nke iyatesịt abdominal nwekwara ibili na ikpe nke peritonitis. Na ọnụnọ nke na-adịghị ala mbufụt nke ńsí eriri afo na-adịghị eme ya edidu chere na palpation na nri elu quadrant, nakwa dị ka mgbali ihe, na e nweghị ihe ịrịba ama nke cholecystitis.

Ịmata Ọdịiche esonụ ntụpọ nke gallbladder: aplasia - ya na-anọghị, hypoplasia - mbenata ya size, atresia - enweghị ohere, ibawanye dystopia. Ke adianade do, e nwere ndị dị iche iche malformations (e.g., ńsí eriri afo na a gbagọrọ agbagọ) aa na ọnụnọ nke asymptomatic ma ọ bụ na-adakarị cholelithiasis ma ọ bụ ala ala cholecystitis.