Gịnị bụ centrifugation? Definition na ụkpụrụ nke usoro

Gịnị bụ centrifugation? Gịnị usoro a na-eji? Okwu ahụ bụ "centrifugation" pụtara nkewa nke mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ particulate ihe onwunwe dị iche iche ụmụ irighiri ihe site centrifugal ike. Ọ rụrụ dị otú ahụ a nkewa nke bekee site n'iji pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ - centrifuges. Gịnị bụ ụkpụrụ nke usoro?

centrifugation ụkpụrụ

Ka anyị tụlee ihe nkowa nke definition. Centrifugation - bụ mmetụta na umi site elu-ọsọ adiana na a pụrụ iche na unit. Isi akụkụ nke ọ bụla centrifuge rotor sikwa nke mejupụtara ohere mpere maka akpa na a ihe onwunwe bụ isiokwu ka nkewa n'ime onye fractions. N'oge adiana nke rotor na ụba gbapụrụ ọsọ bụ irè centrifugal ike. Bekee enịm ke ule akpa, dị iche iche bekee na-iche na tupu njupụta. Ka ihe atụ, site centrifuging samples nke ala na ịkpali iche mmiri mmiri ẹdude n'ime siri ike ahụ.

usoro Author

N'ihi na oge mbụ, ọ bịara mara na ndị dị otú a centrifugation, mgbe nwere ekenịmde-eme nnyocha A. F. Lebedevym. The e mepụtara usoro site na-eme nnyocha na ebumnuche nke na-ekpebi ihe ndị mejupụtara nke ala mmiri. Tupu mgbe data eji sedimentation mmiri mmiri, sochiri kewara ya siri ike n'omume. Development centrifugation usoro ga-ekwe ka iji nagide ọrụ a ọtụtụ ihe ngwa ngwa. N'ihi na nke a nkewa akabade edi ekwe omume wepụ siri ike nta si mmiri mmiri bekee ke akọrọ ala maka a okwu nke nkeji.

centrifugation nkebi

Esi sedimentation centrifugation amalite na bekee bụ isiokwu nchọpụta. Nke a nhazi pụtara na ihe onwunwe-ọbịa ngwa. Na N'ezie nke edozi particulate okwu na-iche site ike ndọda. Nke a na-eme ka o kwe omume iji dozie umi mma nkewa site centrifugal agha.

Ọzọkwa bekee ke ule akpa na-doro nzacha. A nzọụkwụ, itinye na-akpọ perforated rụọ, nke na-bu n'obi kewara mmiri mmiri si siri ike ahụ. Na n'ezie ihe omume ọkọnọ sedimenti na-anọgide na mgbidi nke centrifuge.

uru nke usoro

E jiri ya tụnyere ụzọ ndị ọzọ iji na-nkewa nke onye bekee, dị ka filtration ma ọ bụ sedimentation, centrifugation na-eme ka o kwe omume na-enweta a ịkpali na kacha nta iru mmiri egosi. Ngwa nke usoro a na-enye ohere nkewa ikewapụ finely chụgara slurry. N'ihi bụ iji nweta a urughuru size of 5-10 microns. Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa uru bụ ekwe omume nke akpa ogho ya egbu site bụ ngwá ọrụ nke obere mpịakọta na akụkụ. The naanị drawback nke usoro anamde elu ike ngwaọrụ.

Centrifugation Biology

Na bayoloji, a umi nkewa n'ime onye bekee malite, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, na njikere nke ọgwụ ọjọọ eme maka nnyocha n'okpuru a mikroskopu. Centrifugation a rụrụ na mgbagwoju ngwaọrụ - tsitorotorah. Otú ahụ na ngwaọrụ na mgbakwunye na nke ohere mpere maka akpa ọnọ na sample ịgụ, na ụdị nile nke ihe nkiri slide mgbagwoju anya Ọdịdị. Site centrifuge ngwaọrụ research na usoro ndu na-emetụta àgwà nke ihe nwetara na ya ego nke ihe ọmụma bara uru na pụrụ ịmụta site na nke analysis pụta.

Centrifugation ejegharịrị ụlọ ọrụ

centrifugation usoro dị oké mkpa na mmepụta nke mmanụ. E hydrocarbon ego nke na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu ekenyela mmiri distillation. Centrifugation na-eme ka o kwe omume wepu ngafe ọmụmụ si mmanụ, na-amụba ya mma. Na nke a, na mmanụ etisasịwo ke benzene, na mgbe ahụ na-ewe iwe na ⁶⁰ ° C, na mgbe ahụ doro a centrifugal ike. N'ikpeazụ tụọ ego nke mmapụta mmiri na ihe onwunwe na usoro ugboro ugboro, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.

centrifuging ọbara

Nke a na usoro na ọtụtụ-eji ọgwụ na nzube. Na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, ọ na-enye ohere na-edozi ndị na-esonụ usoro nke aga-eme:

1. Ihe dị ọcha ọbara samples maka plasmapheresis. N'ihi na ndị a na nzube, a centrifuge bụ iche na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ya plasma. The ọrụ na-eme ka o kwe omume iji kpochapụ ọbara nke nje, oké-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, pathogenic bacteria, nsị.
2. Na-akwadebe maka na ọbara na-enye onyinye mịnye. Mgbe kewara ahụ ọmụmụ n'ime iche iche ụmụ irighiri ihe site centrifugation emegharị na-enye onyinye mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie na plasma eji maka mmịnye ma ọ bụ oyi kpọnwụrụ maka ụdi were.
3. Mwepu nke platelet. Umi-emepụta ọbara plasma, platelet-ọgaranya. Ihe uka na-eji na-awa ahụ na ọbara ngalaba nke ọgwụ na ahụ ike oru, na ọrịa mberede, na ime. The ojiji nke platelet na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na-eme ka o kwe omume ka mma ọbara clotting na otụk.
4. Njikọ nke juru n'ọnụ RBCs. Centrifugation nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara pụtara site nkewa nke ya siri fractions dị ka a pụrụ iche na usoro. The okokụre uka ọgaranya erythrocytes, a na-eji maka mmịnye ọbara na ọnwụ, arụmọrụ. Juru n'ọnụ mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie na-eji maka ọgwụgwọ nke anaemia, ọrịa ndị ọzọ nke systemic ọdịdị nke ọbara.

ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke na ngwaọrụ eji oge a na ọgwụ na ahụ ike na-eme, nke eme ka o kwe gbapụ rotary drum ka a na-agba na-akwụsị na ya na ụfọdụ ebe. Nke a-enye gị ohere ọzọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi ikewapụ ọbara n'ime erythrocytes, platelet, plasma, ọbara na-egbochi mkpụkọ. N'ụzọ yiri nke ahụ nyochaworo ọzọ n'anụ ọmụmụ, akpan akpan umi na-kewapụrụ na mmamịrị mejupụtara.

Centrifuges: isi ụdị

Anyị chọpụta ihe centrifugation. Ugbu a, ka anyị chọpụta ihe ngwaọrụ na-eji na-mejuputa usoro. Centrifuges na-emechi na-emeghe, na n'ibu ma ọ bụ ntuziaka nnyefe. Isi na-arụ ọrụ akụkụ nke akwụkwọ ntuziaka na-emeghe ngwaọrụ anamde a n'usoro n'usoro axis odude ekwesị. Na ya elu akụkụ perpendicularly ofu eriri, nke mere ndokwa ibughari metal uwe. Ha na-etinye a pụrụ iche tube, narrowed na ala. Na ala aka uwe na-tọrọ wadding, nke-ezere mmebi nke iko tube, na kọntaktị na metal. Ọzọkwa, ngwa a na-chụpụrụ. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị mmiri mmiri na-kewapụrụ n'ebe ndị siri ike kwụsịtụrụ ahụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị centrifuge na-kwụsịrị aka. Na na ala nke akpa na-lekwasị na ok, siri ike ịkpali. N'elu ya bụ mmiri mmiri akụkụ nke okwu ahụ.

Mechanical centrifuge gbara nwere a ukwuu nke cartridges ịnabata akpa. Ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ ga-adaba adaba karịa ntuziaka. Ha rotors na-chụpụrụ site ike electric Motors na nwere ike mee ngwangwa ruo 3,000 rpm. Nke a na-eme ka o kwe omume iji mejuputa a mma nkewa nke mmiri mmiri si siri ike bekee.

Akụkụ nke nkwadebe nke ule akpa site centrifugation

The akpa, nke na-eji centrifugation ga-ejupụta na ule ihe nke yiri ibu ibu. Ya mere, n'ihi na elu-nkenke nha nke kpọmkwem igwe na-eji. Mgbe ị chọrọ ewepụtụ multiple akpa na a centrifuge, malitere ọzọ n'ikuku. Erikpu ụzọ iko containers na ọbọ otu uka, otu n'ime ha na-ekpe ka a akwụkwọ. Ụdi ule-tube itule na sample tupu ịtụkwasị ke igwe. Nke a na Usoro nke ukwuu gbapụrụ ọsọ ọrụ, ma ọ dị mkpa, na-akwadebe na-atụba a usoro nke akpa.

Ọ ga-kwuru na akpa atụbaghị ukwuu nke umi n'okpuru nchọpụta. The iko arịa jupụtara ya na ihu anya bụ na ala 10 mm. Ma ọ bụghị ihe onwunwe ga-awụkwasị nke tube n'okpuru nduzi nke centrifugal ike.

Sverhtsentrifugi

N'ihi na nkewa nke mmiri nke oké mma suspensions ezughi oke ojiji nke ot ntuziaka ma ọ bụ n'ibu centrifuges. Na nke a na-achọ ihe karịrị otu nnukwu mmetụta na umi site centrifugal agha. Mgbe mmejuputa dị otú ahụ Filiks na-etinyere sverhtsentrifugi.

Ngwa na-anọchite anya a oghere drum onwem na plan n'ụdị obere dayameta akpa - karịa 240 mm. Na ogologo nke drum bụ budata ukwuu karịa ya cross ngalaba, nke na-eme ka o kwe omume ukwuu ịmụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ibe na-emepụta a dị ike centrifugal ike.

Na sverhtsentrifuge ule umi aga n'ime drum, na-akpali tinyere tube na-akụrisị pụrụ iche reflectors na tụfuo ihe onwunwe nke ngwa oru. Ọ na-nwere igwefoto, iji ikewapụ mmepụta ìhè na arọ mmiri.

The uru sverhtsentrifug na-agụnye:

• zuru tightness;
• kasị elu osisi ike bekee nkewa;
• kọmpat size;
• ekwe omume nke kewara bekee na molekụla larịị.

Ná mmechi

Ya mere, anyị chọpụta ihe centrifugation. The ugbu usoro okụt ya ngwa na mkpa ka igbunye ọdịda ngwọta, ọcha oke mmiri, nkewa nke mmiri nke biologically ifịk ma ọ bụ chemical bekee. N'ihi na nkewa nke bekee na molekụla larịị ultracentrifugation ide. centrifugation usoro na ọtụtụ-eji chemical, mmanụ ala, nuclear, nri ụlọ ọrụ, nakwa dị ka na nkà ọgwụ.